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Agriculture Fisheries Demography Population Development Education Training Environment Investment Globalisation Industry ServiInformation Communication Technology Finance Trade Labour Leading Indicators Tendency Surveys National Accounts Public Managem
Purchasing Power Parities Prices Science Technology Short-term Economic Statistics Social Welfare Territorial Indicators TransMethodological ResearchAgriculture Fisheries Demography Population Development Education Training Environment Investment GlobalisatIndustry Services Information Communication Technology Finance Trade Labour Leading Indicators Tendency Surveys National AccouPublic Management Purchasing Power Parities Prices Science Technology Short-term Economic Statistics Social Welfare Territorial IndicatTransport Methodological ResearchAgriculture Fisheries Demography Population Development Education Training Environment InvestmGlobalisation Industry Services Information Communication Technology Finance Trade Labour Leading Indicators Tendency Surveys NatioAccounts Public Management Purchasing Power Parities Prices Science Technology Short-term Economic Statistics Social Welfare TerritoIndicators Transport Methodological Research Agriculture Fisheries Demography Population Development Education Training EnvironmInvestment Globalisation Industry Services Information CommunicationTechnology Finance Trade Labour Leading Indicators Tendency SurvNational Accounts Public Management Purchasing Power Parities Prices Science Technology Short-term Economic Statistics Social WelfTerritorial Indicators Transport Methodological Research Agriculture Fisheries Demography Population Development Education TrainEnvironment Investment Globalisation Industry Services Information Communication Technology Finance Trade Labour Leading IndicatTendency Surveys National Accounts Public Management Purchasing Power Parities Prices Science Technology Short-term EconoStatistics Social Welfare Territorial Indicators Transport Methodological ResearchAgriculture Fisheries Demography Population DevelopmEducation Training Environment Investment Globalisation Industry Services Information Communication Technology Finance Trade LabLeading Indicators Tendency Surveys National Accounts Public Management Purchasing Power Parities Prices Science Technology Short-tEconomic Statistics Social Welfare Territorial Indicators Transport Methodological Research Agriculture Fisheries Demography PopulatDevelopment Education Training EnvironmentInvestment Globalisation Industry Services Information Communication Technology Finance TrLabour Leading Indicators Tendency Surveys National Accounts Public Management Purchasing Power Parities Prices Science TechnolShort-term Economic Statistics Social Welfare Territorial Indicators Transport Methodological Research Agriculture Fisheries DemograPopulation Development Education Training Environment Investment Globalisation Industry Services Information Communication Technol
Finance Trade Labour Leading Indicators Tendency Surveys National Accounts Public Management Purchasing Power Parities Prices ScieTechnology Short-term Economic Statistics Social Welfare Territorial Indicators Transport Methodological Research Agriculture FisheDemography Population Development Education Training Environment Investment Globalisation Industry Services Information CommunicatTechnology Finance Trade Labour Leading Indicators Tendency Surveys National Accounts Public Management Purchasing Power PariPrices Science Technology Short-term Economic Statistics Social Welfare Territorial Indicators Transport Methodological ResearchAgricultFisheries Demography Population Development Education Training Environment Investment Globalisation Industry Services InformatCommunication Technology Finance Trade Labour Leading Indicators Tendency Surveys National Accounts Public Management PurchasPower Parities Prices Science Technology Short-term Economic Statistics Social Welfare Territoria l Indicators Transport Methodological Re
OECD WORK ON
STATISTICS
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Enhanced engagement countries
BrazilChinaIndiaIndonesiaSouth Africa
ChileEstoniaIsraelRussian FederationSlovenia
Accession countries
AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungary
OECD member countries
IcelandIrelandItaly
JapanKoreaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPoland
PortugalSlovak RepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandTurkeyUnited KingdomUnited States
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Statistics 1OECD wOrk On
OECD
OECD WOrk On
Statistics
Cross-CuttingandHorizontalProducts
MacroeconomicsandGrowth
FinanceandInvestment
Education
SocialIssues,MigrationandHealth
EmploymentandLabourMarkets
Science,TechnologyandInnovation
InternationalDevelopment
Environment
IndustryandServices
Globalisation
PublicGovernanceandRegionalDevelopment
Taxation
AgricultureandFood
Well-Being
SustainableDevelopment
Transport
AccessingOECDStatistics
http://-/?-http://-/?-8/8/2019 Estatisticas Financeiras OECD
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OECD
2
The OECD is an intergovernmental organisation
which brings together 30membercountries sharing
a commitment to democratic government and the
market economy. Founded in 1961, the OECD provides a
multilateralforumtodiscuss,developandreformeconomic
andsocialpolicies.TheOECDsmissionistopromotepolicies
designedto:
Achieve the highest sustainable economic growth andemployment and a rising standard of living in member
countries, whilemaintaining nancial stability and thus
contributingtothedevelopmentoftheworldeconomy.
Contribute to sound economic expansion in member
countriesaswellasnon-OECDeconomiesintheprocessof
development.
Contributetotheexpansionofworldtradeonamultilateral,non-discriminatorybasis,inaccordancewithinternational
obligations.
Inpursuitofthesegoals,theOECDplaysaprominentrolein
fosteringgoodgovernanceinthepublicserviceandincorporate
activity. Ithelps governmentsto ensurethe responsiveness
ofkeyeconomicareas,andprovidessectoralmonitoring.By
identifying emerging issues and policies that work well, it
helpspolicymakersdevelopstrategicorientations.
The OECD is one of the worlds largest and most reliable
sourcesof comparable statistical,economicandsocialdata.
It monitors trends, collects data, analyses and forecasts
economic development, and investigates evolving patterns
in a broadrangeof public policy areassuch asagriculture,education, environment, taxation and trade, in addition to
science,technology,industryandinnovation.
About OECD
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Statistics 3OECD wOrk On
OECD
OECDhaslongbeenaninnovatorintheproductionanddisseminationofstatistics.TheOECDisofferingthreedistinct
services:OECDKeyTables,acollectionofready-madetablesandextractsfromdatasetsdrawnfromacrossthefullrange
ofOECDstatisticalproductsandmadefreelyavailableforanyonetoaccessanddownload;OECDFactsandFigures,
wherekeyconceptsandmessagesareexplainedwithwordsanddata,alsofreelyavailable;andOECDStatistics,givingaccessto
completedatabasesforpoweruserswhowanttobuildtheirowntablesandmakeextractions.
OECDwastherstinternationalorganisationtoofferthefullrangeofitsstatisticaldatabasesincombinationwithanalytical
publicationsinasinglewebsite,SourceOECD.ThisserviceputsOECDstatisticsontothedesktopsofanestimated15millionusers
at1000institutionsaroundtheworld.ThenewversionofSourceOECD,calledOECDiLibrary,hasbeenlaunchedinJune2009.
TheOECDStatisticsPortal(www.oecd.org/statistics ),redesignedin2009,providesquickaccesstoavarietyofdataandmethodological
publications,includingextractsfromOECD.Stat,theOrganisationsdatawarehouse.Moreover,throughStatLinks,i.e.URLsshown
undertablesandgraphs,userscangostraighttospreadsheetsprovidingtheunderlyingdata.Nearly1millionStatLinktablesare
downloadedeachyear.
TheannualagshippublicationOECDFactbookpresentsnotonlystatisticaltables,butalsodenitionsandcommentaryonthe
dataseriesandgraphicsshowingthekeymessageofthedata.AspecialsiteonSourceOECD( www.sourceoecd.org/factbook)presents
theinformationinauser-friendlywebform.Seealsotheinnovativedynamicgraphicssoftwareavailableatwww.oecd.org/statistics toanalysethedatacontainedintheOECDFactbook.
OECDisthesourceyoucanrelyonforhighquality,internationallycomparabledata.Browsethroughthisbrochuretoseehowwe
canhelpyou!
Yourstruly,
PaulSchreyer,
Acting Director, Statistics Directorate
Preface OECD StatisticsOECD is famous for the quality, independence and range of its statistics
www.oecd.org/statistics
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OECD
4
alistofreferences,tablesandcharts
adynamiclink(Statlink)isprovidedforeachtabledirecting
theusertothecorrespondinglesinExcelformat
dynamicvisualisationsarealsomadeavailableusingvery
innovativetools(TrendalyzerandOECDeXplorer).
OECD in Figuresisapocket-bookthatprovidesasummaryof
keydatarangingfromeconomicgrowthandemploymenttoeducation andmigration.Thereare comparable tables ona
widerangeofareascoveredbytheorganisationsuchasthe
environment,scienceandpublicnances.Itisalsoagateway
tosectoralpublicationsandsourcesanddenitions.
TheOECD Factbook, OECD in Figures, Society at a Glanceand
theGender Institutions and Development Databasearesome
of themost importantOECD cross-cuttingstatistical
products.Theseproductstendtopresentinanintegratedway
dataandmetadatapublishedinotherproductsdedicatedto
specicsubject-matters.
TheOECD Factbook provides a comprehensive view ofOECD
statistics,presentingmorethan150indicatorscoveringawide
rangeofareas, from population toqualityoflife. Eachyearthe Factbook featuresafocuschapteron ahot topicsuchas
productivityorinequality.
Foreachindicatorthereisatwo-pagespread:
anintroductionisfollowedbyadetaileddenition
commentsonthecomparabilityofthedata
Cross-Cutting and Horizontal Products
OECDFamilyDatabase
www.oecd.org/els/social/amily/database
OECD(2008),A Profle o Immigrant Populations in the 21st Century: Data
rom OECD Countries,OECD,Paris.
Socialinstitutionsandgenderindex:http://genderindex.org/
OECD(2007),Data and Metadata Reporting and Presentation Handbook,
OECD,Paris.
OECD(2008),Handbook on Constructing Composite Indicators:
Methodology and User Guide,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2008),OECD Glossary o Statistical Terms,OECD,Paris.
that between the mid-1990s andmid-2000s, Ireland saw the biggest rise in its poverty rate,and Mexico the biggest fall?
did you know
Further reading
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Statistics 7OECD wOrk On
OECD
GDP growthVolume, annual growth rates in percentage, 2007
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
HungaryItaly
Denmark
Portugal
United States
France
Japan
Germany
Sweden
Euro area
OECD-Total
Canada
Belgium
United Kingdom
AustriaNew Zealand
Norway
Mexico
Switzerland
Netherlands
Spain
Australia
Iceland
Greece
Finland
Turkey
Korea
Luxembourg
Czech RepublicIreland
Poland
Slovak Republic
Source: National Accounts at a Glance.
Main Economic Indicators isa uniquesourceof key short-term
economic indicators covering several areas such as GDP,
balance of payments, indices of industrial production and
short-termnancialstatistics.
The OECD Composite Leading Indicators, available for both
member countries and key non-member economies (China,
Russia,Brazil,et al.),aredesignedtoprovideearlysignalsof
turningpointsandofuctuationsofeconomicactivityaround
itslong-termpotentiallevel.
The OECD is also a signicant source for a number of
publications that provide guidance for the measurement ofmacroeconomic variables and concepts, some ofwhich are
listed under Further Reading. Notably, Measuring the Non-
Observed Economy describes non-observed activities and the
waysinwhichtheycanbemeasured;and,Handbook on Deriving
Capital Measures of Intellectual Property Productsprovidesguidance
onthemeasurementofresearchanddevelopment,software,
mineralexplorationandevaluationandartistic,literaryand
entertainmentoriginals.
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OECD
8
intermediariesandtheirimpactoninvestmentstrategieshave
grownsignicantlyoverrecentyearsalongwithderegulation
andtheglobalisationofnancialmarkets.
OECD International Direct Investment Statistics gathers detailed
statisticsoninternationaldirectinvestmenttoandfromOECD
countries. These statistics are essential for a meaningful
interpretation of investment trends for the purpose of
policy analysis and decision-making (see also entry underGlobalisation).
TheOECDsworkin theareaofnanceand investment
focuses on identifying policies to keep markets open,
competitive and sustainable while combating market
abusesandeconomiccrimethroughinternationalco-operation.
Bank Protability is a unique source of banking statistics. It
providesdataonthenancialstatementsofbanks.Indicators
arealsoavailabletofacilitatetheanalysisoftrendsinbank
protability.DataareannualandcoveralargenumberofOECDcountries. Detailed methodological country notes are also
available,givinginformationonnationalnancialsystems.
The Institutional Investors database provides a unique set of
dataoninstitutionalinvestors,majorcollectorsofsavingsand
suppliersoffundstonancialmarkets.Theirroleasnancial
Finance and Investmentwww.oecd.org/std/nancewww.oecd.org/daf/investmentwww.oecd.org/daf/insurance
OECD(2009),OECD Journal: Financial Market Trends, Volume 2009,Issue 1,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2009),Central Government Debt: Statistical Yearbook 2009,OECD,
Paris.
OECD(2008),Complementary and Private Pensions throughout the World
2008,OECD,Paris.
HouseholdsWealthCompositionAcrossOECDCountriesandFinancial
RisksBornebyHouseholdswww.oecd.org/dataoecd/53/48/42143434.pd
OECD Banking Statistics(database). OECDAnti-briberyConventionwww.oecd.org/da/nocorruption/convention
OECD(2009),OECD Investment Policy Perspectives 2008,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2005),Private Pensions: OECD Classifcation and Glossary,OECD,
Paris.
OECD(2009),Sector Specifc Sources o Competitiveness in the
Western Balkans: Recommendation or a Regional Investment Strategy,
CompetitivenessandPrivateSectorDevelopment,OECD,Paris.
Further reading
that OECD countries account formore than 90% of the worlds private pension assets and theUnited States for nearly one-half of the total?
did you know
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Statistics 9OECD wOrk On
OECD
National Accounts of OECD Countries: Volume IIIa, Financial Accounts
Flows and Volume IIIb, Financial Balance sheets Stockspresent
informationrelatingtothenancialowsandstocksofOECD
countries. Flows indicatethe types ofnancial instruments
utilised by the different institutional sectors to acquire
nancial assetsor toincur liabilities. Balance Sheets give a
pictureofthenancialnetworthofthecountriesattheendof
theaccountingperiod.
Insurance Statistics Yearbookcoversmajorofcialinsurancedata
forallOECDcountries.Thestatisticscontainnotonlygeneral
information on insurance activities (such as the number of
companies,the number ofemployees, andgrosspremiums)butalso insurance activityindicators (suchasOECDmarket
share,penetration,density,andpremiumsperemployee)that
contributetoabetterunderstandingoftheinsurancemarket.
Private Pensions Outlook presents a comparison of the key
features of pension systems across OECD countries. It is a
signicantcompendiumofstatisticsandofanalysesthatguide
readersthroughthechanginglandscapeofretirementincome
provision.
Importance of pension funds relative to the size ofthe economy in OECD countries, 2007As a percentage of GDP
Source: OECD Private Pensions Outlook 2008
12http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/515754724108
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
0.0
1.0
1.1
1.2
3.1
3.3
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.7
4.7
7.0
7.5
8.7
10.9
11.1
12.1
12.2
13.720.0
32.4
46.6
55.3
71.0
74.3
75.5
86.1
105.4
119.4
132.2
134.0Iceland
Netherlands
Switzerland
Australia
United Kingdom
Total OECD
United States
Finland
Canada
Ireland
Denmark
JapanPortugal
Poland
Mexico
New Zealand
Hungary
Sweden
Spain
Norway
Austria
Czech Republic
Slovak Republic
Germany
Belgium
Italy
Korea
Turkey
France
Luxembourg
Greece
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/515754724108http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/515754724108http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5157547241088/8/2019 Estatisticas Financeiras OECD
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OECD
10
curriculum but also in terms of important knowledge and
skillsneededinadultlife.TheinterestraisedbyPISAresults
led to the creation of the Programme for the International
AssessmentofAdultCompetencies(PIAAC).
Education at a Glance provides indicators and analysis ofthe
evolutionandimpactofeducation.Theindicatorslookatwho
participatesineducation,whatisspentonit,howeducation
systemsoperateandattheresultsachieved.
Both individualsand countriesbenet fromeducation.
For individuals, the potential benets lie in general
qualityoflifeandintheeconomicreturnsofsustained,
satisfyingemployment. Forcountries, thepotential benets
lieineconomicgrowthandthedevelopmentofsharedvalues
that underpin social cohesion. Educational policies are the
linchpinoffutureeconomicgrowthandsocialwell-being.
TheProgrammeforInternationalStudentAssessment(PISA)isanunparalleledtoolforassessingtheacademicachievement
of15-year-olds. PISA covers over 70 countries and assesses
how far students have acquired knowledge and skills that
areessentialforfullparticipationinsociety.Inallcycles,the
domainsofreadingandofmathematicalandscienticliteracy
are covered notmerely in terms of mastery of the school
Educationwww.oecd.org/education
OECD(2005),World Education Indicators 2005: Education Trends inPerspective,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2006),Schooling or Tomorrow.DemandSensitive Schooling?:
Evidence and Issues,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2008),Students with Disabilities, Learning Difculties and
Disadvantages: Policies, Statistics and Indicators 2007 Edition,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2009),PISATaketheTest:SampleQuestionsfromOECDsPISA
Assessments.
OECD(2004),OECDHandbook or Internationally Comparative EducationStatistics: Concepts, Standards, Defnitions and Classifcations,OECD,
Paris.
ProgrammefortheInternationalAssessmentofAdultCompetencies
(PIAAC)www.oecd.org/els/employment/piaac
OECD(2009),Education at a Glance 2009: OECD Indicators,OECD,Paris.
Further reading
that on average in OECD countries,84% of those who have achieved a tertiary educationqualification are in employment?
did you know
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Statistics 11OECD wOrk On
OECD
Distribution of student performance on the science scale
Source: OECD PISA database 2006, Table 2.1c.
12http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/148031078675
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
Gradation bars extend from the 5th to the 95th percentiles
Mean score on the science scale
95% confidence interval around the mean score
Finland
HongKong-
China
Canada
ChineseTaipei
Estonia
Japan
New
Zealand
Australia
Netherlands
Liechtenstein
Korea
Slovenia
Germany
UnitedKingdom
CzechRepublic
Switzerland
Macao-
China
Austria
Belgium
Ireland
Hungary
Sweden
Poland
Denmark
France
Croatia
Iceland
Latvia
UnitedStates
SlovakRepublic
Spain
Lithuania
Norway
Luxembourg
RussianFederationItaly
Portugal
Greece
Israel
Chile
Serbia
Bulgaria
Uruguay
Turkey
Jordan
Thailand
Romania
Montenegro
Mexico
Indonesia
Argentina
Brazil
Colombia
Tunisia
Azerbaijan
Qatar
Kyrgyzstan
OECD average
Performance
Countries are ranked in descending order of mean score
that public spending on educationacross OECD countries increased by 19% between 2000 and2005 but that budgets are still under pressure since 8 millionmore students have entered into higher education?
did you knowThe OECD Handbook for Internationally Comparable Education
Statistics aims at helpingusers tobetter understand how to
interprettheindicatorsandbasicdenitions.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/148031078675http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/148031078675http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/1480310786758/8/2019 Estatisticas Financeiras OECD
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OECD
12
International Migration Outlook has been quoted as the best
sourceof analysis ontheeconomicimpactofmigrationby
Hamish McRae of The Independent. International Migration
Outlookcontainsdataonforeignandforeign-bornpopulations,
migrationows,naturalisationsandlabourmarketoutcomes.
TheOECDsworkonsocialissuescoversawidearrayof
social,migration,andhealthpolicies,allofwhichare
implementedinacontinuouslychangingenvironment.
Highunemployment,exclusionandpovertytearatthefabric
of society and unravel economies. Ageing populations and
workforcesareposingincreasingchallengestowelfarestates
andraisingthespectreofloominglabourshortages.
Society at a Glance is an unrivalled publication gatheringindicators that reveal the extent to which OECD countries
aremoreorlessequal,moreorlesscohesive,ormoreorless
healthy.
Social Issues, Migration and Healthwww.oecd.org/els/social www.oecd.org/els/healthwww.oecd.org/els/migration
OECD Social Expenditure Statistics(database)
OECD(2008),Growing Unequal?: Income Distribution and Poverty in
OECD Countries,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2007),Babies and Bosses Reconciling Work and Family Lie:
A Synthesis o Findings or OECD Countries,OECD,Paris. OECDFamilyDatabasewww.oecd.org/els/social/amily/database
OECD(2009),OECD InsightsInternationalMigration:Thehumansideof
globalisation,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2008),A Profle o Immigrant Populations in the 21st Century: Data
rom OECD Countries,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2001),Measuring Expenditure on Healthrelated R&D,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2007),Women and Men in OECD Countries,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2008),Jobs or Immigrants (Vol. 2): Labour Market Integration in
Belgium, France, the Netherlands and Portugal,OECD,Paris.
Sassi,F.etal.(2009),TheObesityEpidemic:AnalysisofPastand
ProjectedFutureTrendsinSelectedOECDCountries,OECD Health
Working Papers,No.45,OECDpublishing,OECD.http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/225215402672
Fujisawa,R.andF.Colombo(2009),TheLong-TermCareWorkforce:
OverviewandStrategiestoAdaptSupplytoaGrowingDemand,OECD
Health Working Papers,No.44,OECDpublishing,OECD.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/225350638472
OECD(2005),Extending Opportunities: How Active Social Policy Can
Beneft Us All,OECD,Paris.
Further reading
that income inequality has increased
in over three out of four OECD countries since the 1980s? that the French spend the most time sleeping, eating anddrinking in the OECD zone but are also among the zonesslimmest people?
did you know
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/225215402672http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/225350638472http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/225350638472http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/2252154026728/8/2019 Estatisticas Financeiras OECD
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Statistics 13OECD wOrk On
OECD
OECD Health Dataisanelectronicdatabasethatoffersthemost
comprehensivesourceofcomparablestatisticsonhealthand
health systems in OECD countries. This database enables
policy advisors and researchers to carry out comparative
analysesandtodrawlessonsfromcross-countrycomparisons
ofnationalhealthsystems.
Health at a Glance allowsreaders toeasily compare different
aspects of the performance of health systems in OECD
countries. It provides striking evidence of large variations
acrosscountriesinthecosts,activitiesandresultsofhealth
systems.
A System of Health Accounts establishes aconceptual basisof
statisticsreportingrulescompatiblewithothereconomicand
socialstatisticsandproposesanInternationalClassicationof
HealthAccounts.
Total expenditure on health, % of GDP, 2007 or latestavailable year
Source: OECD Health Data 2009.
0 15105
5.7
5.9
6.5
6.86.8
7.3
7.4
7.6
7.7
8.1
8.2
8.4
8.5
8.7
8.7
8.9
8.99.1
9.2
9.3
9.6
9.8
9.8
9.9
10.1
10.1
10.2
10.4
10.8
11.0
16.0
PublicPrivate
United States
France
Switzerland
Germany
Belgium
Canada
Austria
Portugal
Netherlands
Denmark
Greece
Iceland
New Zealand
SwedenNorway
OECD
Italy
Australia
Spain
United Kingdom
Finland
Japan
Slovak Republic
Ireland
Hungary
Luxembourg
KoreaCzech Republic
Poland
Mexico
Turkey
% GDP
that over 2.5 million migrantsentered OECD countries in 2006 for short-term jobs, threetimes more than for permanent employment?
did you know
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OECD
14
Howmuchdoesitpaytowork?
IsinequalityincreasinginOECDcountries?
Which features of policies and institutions affect the
functioningoflabourmarkets?
Taxing Wagesprovidesuniqueinformationonincometaxand
socialsecuritycontributionsleviedonanaverageworkerin
OECDcountries.Inaddition,thispublicationspeciesfamily
benetspaidascashtransfers.
Labour statistics published by theOECD cover a broad
rangeofannual,quarterlyandmonthly indicators on
issues such as employment, unemployment, labour
compensation(hourlyearnings,unitlabourcost),vacancies,
andlabourdisputes.
ThesekeyissuesareexaminedintheannualOECD Employment
Outlook.TheOECDEmploymentandLabourMarketsStatistics
onlinedatabasebringstogetherdataandindicatorscompiledtosupporttheanalysespresentedinthispublicationconcerning
questionssuchas:
HowdoOECDlabourmarketsoperate?
Isjobinstabilityincreasing?
HowmuchtimedopeoplespendatworkinOECDcountries?
Employment and Labour Marketswww.oecd.org/std/labour
OECD(2009),Labour Force Statistics 2009. OECD(2009),Labour:Unitlabourcosts-annualindicators,Main
Economic Indicators(database).http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data00050en
OECD(2008),Sickness, Disability and Work: Breaking the Barriers (Vol. 3):
Denmark, Finland, Ireland and the Netherlands.
HarmonisedUnemploymentRates(HURs).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/2074384x2009table6
OECD(2009),Labour:Labourforcestatistics,Main Economic Indicators
(database).http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data00046en
OECD(2007),Women and Men in OECD Countries,OECD,Paris. OECD(2009),National Accounts at a Glance 2010,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2009),Jobs or Youth: France 2009,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2006),Live Longer, Work Longer:AgeingandEmploymentPolicies,
OECD,Paris.
OECD(2008),Making Local Strategies Work: Building the Evidence Base,
LocalEconomicandEmploymentDevelopment(LEED),OECD,Paris.
OECD(2008),The State o the Public Service,OECD,Paris.
Further reading
that women are as educated as menbut earn 17% less?did you know
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00050-enhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00046-enhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00046-enhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00046-enhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00046-enhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00050-en8/8/2019 Estatisticas Financeiras OECD
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OECD
Employment rates for students, 2006Percentage of youth aged 15-24 in education
Source: OECD Employment Outlook.
12http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/346827671265
... that low-educated immigrantstend to have higher employment rates than low-educatednative-born?
did you know
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Slovak Republic
Czech Republic
Hungary
Luxembourg
Greece
Belgium
Italy
Portugal
Poland
Spain
France
Sweden
EU-15
Ireland
OECD
Germany
Finland
United States
United Kingdom
Austria
Canada
Norway
Switzerland
Netherlands
Denmark
Iceland
Employed
Employed in temporary job
Employed in part-time job
Furtherkey OECDwork in theareaofemployment focuses
on the employment situation of immigrants. It presents a
scoreboard of the integration of immigrants into labour
markets as well as analysis of wage differentials between
immigrantsandnative-born.
The OECD International Migration Statistics online database
provides access to the data behind the annual International
Migration Outlook.
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16
Gross Expenditure on R&D (GERD), in billions of current USDPPP, and number of researchers, 2007 or nearest availableyearT
he OECD has been at the forefront of developing
international standardsfor themeasurementof R&D
sincethe1960s,culminatinginthesixtheditionofthe
Frascati Manual (2002).Similarguidelineshavebeenproduced
concerning the collection and interpretation of innovation
data,suchasthethirdeditionoftheOslo Manual(2005)and
morerecentlythePatents Statistics Manual(2009).
TheOECDhasalsobeenaleaderinsettingstandardsforthemeasurementofinformationandcommunicationtechnologies
(ICT)andbiotechnology,andoftheirimpactonsociety.
The OECDs Main Science and Technology Indicators provides a
broadspectrumofindicatorscoveringareassuchasresearch
anddevelopment,patentingactivitiesandinternationaltrade
involvinghigh-technologyindustries.
Science, Technology and Innovationwww.oecd.org/sti/measuring-scitech www.oecd.org/sti/ipr-statistics www.oecd.org/sti/ICTindicators www.oecd.org/sti/scoreboard
OECD(2008),OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2008,
OECD,Paris.
OECD(2009),Research and Development Expenditure in Industry 2009:
ANBERD,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2005),Space 2030: Tackling Societys Challenges,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2009),OECD Inormation Technology Outlook 2008,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2003),Frascati Manual 2002: Proposed Standard Practice or
Surveys on Research and Experimental Development,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2005),Oslo Manual: Guidelines or Collecting and Interpreting
Innovation Data, 3rd Edition,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2009),OECD Patent Statistics Manual,OECD,Paris.
Further reading
0
12
10
8
6
4
2
369
263
148
23
102417
25
0 1 2 3 4
R&D expendituresin billions of current PPP
Japan
United States
Russian Federation
China
South AfricaBrazilIndia
EU27
Researchers per 1 000 employment
GERD as % of GDP
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OECD Broadband subscribers per 100 inhabitants, bytechnology, December 2008
that in 2008 there were 22.4broadband internet subscriptions per 100 inhabitants inOECD countries, up from 9.7 in 2000?
did you know
ThegrowthandinuenceofICTaremonitoredbytheOECDs
Information and Communications Statistics, which provides
indicatorsofICTusageanddiffusiontohouseholds,individuals
andbusinesses.
TherangeanddepthoftheOECDsstatisticalworkintheareas
ofscience,technologyandinnovationisbestsummarisedby
theOECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard,published
everytwoyearstoprovideasnapshotofrecentdevelopments.
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Other
Fibre/LAN
Cable
DSL
OECD average
DenmarkNetherlands
Norway
Switzerland
Iceland
Korea
Sweden
Finland
Luxembourg
Canada
United Kingdom
Belgium
France
GermanyUnited States
Australia
Japan
New Zealand
Austria
Spain
Ireland
Italy
Czech Republic
Hungary
Portugal
Greece
Slovak Republic
Poland
Turkey
Mexico
Source: OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2009.
12http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/743043842747
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18
databyregionsandbysectors,andtheimpactdebtreliefand
emergencyaidhasontotalaidows.Theevolutionandfocus
ofdonorcontributionsarealsodescribed.
Geographical Distribution of Financial Flows to Developing Countries
is a publicationwhich provides comprehensive data on the
volume,originandtypeofaidandofotherresourceowsto
around180developingcountries.Keydevelopmentindicators
are given for reference.Data are also availablein theOECDInternational Development Statistics Online Database.
OECDworkoninternationaldevelopmentiscarriedout
bydifferentOECDbodies,allofwhichworktowards
contributingtothedevelopmentofbothOECDmembers
andnon-members.Oneimportantactivityisthetrackingand
comparisonoftheaideffortsofmembercountriesovertime.
Thisactivityprovidesarmbasisforanalyticalworkonaid
trendsandforassessmentsofaideffectiveness.
The Development Co-operation Reportisthekeyannualreferencedocument for statisticsand analysis onthe latest trends in
internationalaid.
Development Aid at a Glance providesdetaileddataonOfcial
Development Assistance with tables and graphs showing
International Developmentwww.oecd.org/dac/statswww.oecd.org/devwww.oecd.org/paris21www.oecd.org/ccnmwww.oecd.org/swac
OECD(2009),OECD International Development Statistics 2009,OECD,Paris.
www.oecd.org/dac/stats/idsonline
OECD/WorldWaterCouncil(2008),Creditor Reporting System on Aid Activities
2008: Aid Activities in Support o Water Supply and Sanitation,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2009),Is Inormal Normal?: Towards More and Better Jobs in
Developing Countries,DevelopmentCentreStudies,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2002),Evaluation and Aid Eectiveness No. 6 Glossary o Key
Terms in Evaluation and Results Based Management,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2008),Financing Development 2008: Whose Ownership?,
DevelopmentCentreStudies,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2008),Business or Development 2008: Promoting Commercial
Agriculture in Arica,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2008),2008 Survey on Monitoring the Paris Declaration: Making Aid
More Eective by 2010,BetterAid,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2009),Aid Eectiveness: A Progress Report on Implementing the
Paris Declaration,BetterAid,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2009),Armed Violence Reduction: Enabling Development,Conict
andFragility,OECD,Paris.
Genderinstitutionsanddevelopmentdatabase.
Further reading
that in more than half of Africancountries, tax revenue represents less than 20% of GDP ascompared to 36% in OECD countries?
did you know
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Net ODA in 2008 (preliminary data)As a percentage of GNI
International Development Statistics (IDS) covers donors aid to
developing countries in 2 separate databases: The Creditor
Reporting System (CRS), providing detailed information on
individual aid activities and the DAC aggregate databaseprovidingcomprehensivedataonthevolume,originandtypes
ofaidandotherresourceows
TheAfrican Economic Outlook (AEO)istheonlyreportonAfrica
which applies a common analytical framework to every
country,everyyear.AEOistheessentialreferenceonAfrica.It
benetsfromthesupportoftheEuropeanCommission.
The annual OECD Latin American Outlook analyses the scalprogress that governments in the regionhavemade in the
previousdecade.Thisisessentialreadingforthosewhowant
toknowmoreaboutscalpolicyinLatinAmerica,itsimpact
ondevelopmentandthechallengesthatlieahead.
The World Economy Historical Statistics on CD-ROM by Angus
Maddisonoffersa rare insight intothe historyandpolitical
inuenceofnationalaccounts.Thisapproach isparticularly
interesting for developing countries, which often lack the
expertiseordatatoproducegoodnationalaccountsandarethusdeprivedofavitalpolicy-makingtool.
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1
0.98
0.92
0.88
0.82
0.80
0.58
0.47
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.42
0.41
0.39
0.38
0.34
0.32
0.30
0.27
0.20
0.20
0.18
0.18
0.30
UN Target 0.7
Averagecountryeffort 0.47
Sweden
Luxembourg
Norway
Denmark
Netherlands
Ireland
Belgium
Spain
United Kingdom
Finland
Austria
Switzerland
France
Germany
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Portugal
Greece
Italy
Japan
United States
TOTAL DAC
As % of GNI
Source: OECD, International Development Statistics.
that over half of the global labourforce works in the informal sector and this figure is expectedto rise to 2/3 in 2020?
did you know
20
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OECD
20
The OECD Environmental Outlook to 2030 provides analyses of
economicandenvironmentaltrendsto2030andsimulations
ofpolicyactionstoaddressthekeychallenges.
The OECD pioneered the development of internationalenvironmentalindicatorsandproduceskeydata.Environment at a Glance: OECD Environmental Indicatorspresents
key environmental indicators and major environmental
indicators from the OECDCore Set. These indicators reect
environmentalprogressmadesincetheearly1990sandthus
contributetomeasuringenvironmentalperformance.
TheOECD Environmental Data Compendiumpresentsdatalinking
pollutionandtheexploitationofnaturalresourcestoactivity
insucheconomicsectorsasenergy,transport,industryand
agriculture.Itshowsthestateofair,inlandwaters,wildlife,
et al.forOECDcountriesanddescribesselectedresponsesby
governmentandenterprises.
Environmentwww.oecd.org/env/
OECD(2008),Environmental Perormance o Agriculture at a Glance,
OECD,Paris.
OECD(2008),Costs o Inaction on Key Environmental Challenges,
OECD,Paris.
OECD(2004),Measuring Sustainable Development: Integrated Economic,
Environmental and Social Frameworks,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2008),Economic Aspects o Adaptation to Climate Change: Costs,
Benefts and Policy Instruments,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2008),People and Biodiversity Policies: Impacts, Issues and
Strategies or Policy Action,OECD,Paris.
Further reading
that municipal waste collectionand treatment represents more than one-third of the publicsectors financial efforts to abate and control pollution?
that Chinas energy consumption will double during theperiod 2000-2020, even if its energy efficiency is improved by50%?
did you know
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purchase relationships between producers and consumers
withinaneconomy;andSTAN Indicators,acollectionofderived
indicatorsformonitoringtheindustrialperformanceofOECD
countries.
Structural and Demographic Business Statistics provides
informationon the industrial structureofOECDeconomies.
Dataconcernthenumberofenterprises,turnover,valueadded,
employmentandsalaries.ItalsocontainsBusiness Demographyand Entrepreneurship statistics,whichallows usersto analyse
thedynamicsofentrepreneurshipbyprovidinginformationon
businessbirths,deathsandsurvivalratesandonthenumber
ofhigh-growthenterprises.
Formanyanalysesofeconomicgrowthandperformance,
an industryperspectiveis essential. Largedifferences
across industries in output and employment growth,
in labour costs and in productivity are often hidden in
macroeconomic statistics. The OECD therefore maintains
industry-specic databases that complement the annual
NationalAccountsdata.
TheOECD Structural Analysis Statistics (STAN)familyofdatabasesincludes the National-Accounts-compatible STAN Industry
database,withmeasuresofoutput,labourinput,investment
andinternationaltrade; STAN R&D,withdataonexpenditure
onresearchanddevelopmentbyindustry;STAN Bilateral Trade
Database, with statistics on international trade in goods by
industry;STAN Input-Output Tables,whichdescribethesaleand
Industry and Serviceswww.oecd.org/enterprise www.oecd.org/sti/measuring-ind-performance
OECD(2009),Structural and Demographic Business Statistics,OECD,Paris,forthcoming.
OECD(2009),Productionandsales,Main Economic Indicators(database)
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data00048en
Measuringentrepreneurship:adigestofindicators(OECD-Eurostat
EntrepreneurshipIndicatorsProgramme)
www.oecd.org/statistics/measuringentrepreneurship
OECD(2009),Developments in Steelmaking Capacity o NonOECD
Economies 2008,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2009),Annual Report on the OECD Guidelines or MultinationalEnterprises 2008: Employment and Industrial Relations,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2001),Measuring Productivity OECD Manual: Measurement o
Aggregate and Industrylevel Productivity Growth,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2008),EurostatOECD Manual on Business Demography Statistics,
OECD,Paris.
OECD(2008),TourisminOECDCountries2008:TrendsandPolicies,OECD,
Paris.
OECD(2009),Productivity Measurement and Analysis,OECD,Paris.
Further reading
that in most OECD economies, over70% of manufacturing businesses have less than 10 workers?did you know
22
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22
TheunderlyingstatisticsarepublishedindetailinActivities of
Multinationals: Volume I, Manufacturing and Volume II, Services.
Internationaldirectinvestmentplaysakeyroleintheprocess
ofglobaleconomicintegration.Itprovidesanimportantsource
ofcapitalandameansforcreatingstableandlong-lastinglinks
betweenhomeandhosteconomies.OECD International Direct
Investment Statistics includes detailed information by source
TheOECDregularlypublishesstatisticsonkeyaspects
of the globalisation process relating to cross border
trade, capital, labour and technology ows. The
usefulnessofOECDdatainunderstandingglobalisationliesin
itsqualityassurancework,itscross-countryharmonizationof
methodologies,anditsprovisionoflongtimeseries.
TheOECDhasdevelopedtheHandbook on Economic Globalisation
Indicators, a conceptual and methodological framework forindicators to measure the intensity of globalisation. While
OECD Economic Globalisation Indicators is a uniquepublication
presenting indicators on foreign direct investment,
the economic activity of multinational enterprises, the
internationalisation of technology, and international trade.
Globalisationwww.oecd.org/sti/measuring-globalisation
OECD(2008),Staying Competitive in the Global Economy: Compendium o
Studies on Global Value Chains,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2009),Globalisation and Emerging Economies: Brazil, Russia, India,Indonesia, China and South Arica,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2008),The Global Competition or Talent: Mobility o the Highly
Skilled,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2007),Oshoring and Employment: Trends and Impacts,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2007),International Investment Perspectives 2007: Freedom o
Investment in a Changing World,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2004),Foreign Direct Investment Statistics: How Countries Measure
FDI,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2009),OECD Statistics on International Trade in Services 2008,
Volume II, Detailed Tables by Partner Country,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2005),OECD Economic Globalisation Indicators 2005, MeasuringGlobalisation,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2008),Tax Eects on Foreign Direct Investment: Recent Evidence
and Policy Analysis,OECDTaxPolicyStudies,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2008),TheInternationalisationofBusinessR&D:Evidence,Impacts
andImplications,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2009),OECD Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard 2009,
OECD,Paris.
Further reading
that OECD capital inflows fellby 34% and outflows by 17% between 2007 and 2008 andthat recent trends suggest a further decline in internationalinvestment flows?
did you know
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anddestinationofinvestmentandbyeconomicactivity.The
OECD Benchmark Denition of Foreign Direct Investment sets the
worldstandardsfordirectinvestmentstatisticsandservesasa
pointofreferencefornationalcompilersandusersofstatistics.
OECD Monthly Statistics of International Tradeincludesaggregate
tradeindicators, volume andaverage value indices, data on
trade by SITC (Standard International Trade Classication)
sections,andtradebypartnercountries.
TheOECDdatabaseInternational Trade by Commodity Statisticsisa
uniquesourceofyearlystatisticaldataonimportsandexports
ofOECDcountriesandselectednon-OECDcountries.
OECD Insights International Migration: The Human Side of Globalisation
examineskeymigrationissuesincludingmigrationows;the
managementofmigration;migrationpolicies;migration,work
and education; and migration and development. The book
featuresstatisticaldatadrawnfromOECDdatabasesaswellas
anumberofspecialonlinelinkstoenhanceitspotentialforuse
ineducationalsettings.
Employment in manufacturing and services in afliatesunder foreign controlAs a percentage of total employment, 2006 or latest available year
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Manufacturing
Services
Turkey
United States
Italy
Switzerland
Portugal
Denmark
Germany
Spain
Finland
Austria
Norway
Australia
Netherlands
France
United Kingdom
Poland
Belgium
Hungary
Sweden
Czech Republic
Slovak Republic
Luxembourg
Ireland
Source: OECD Activities of Multinationals, OECD Factbook 2009.
12http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/535810101275
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24
Withafocusonpublicadministration,Government at a Glance
providesover30indicatorsdescribingkeyelementsunderlying
governmentperformanceand introducescompositeindexes
summarising aspects ofpublic management practices.This
uniquepublicationhelpstobetterunderstandthesepractices
andtoassess,planandmeasurepublicsectorreforms.
Good governance is critical to long-term economic,
social and environmental development. In addition,
countries need competitive, dynamic subnational
regionstoachievetheireconomicandsocialobjectives.
International comparisons of economies and societies tend
to be undertaken at the country level; however, economic
performanceandsocialindicatorscanvarywithincountriesas
muchasbetweenthem.Evaluatinggovernmentactivitiesandregional performance canbe challengingdueto the limited
availabilityofcomparativedata.
Measuring Government Activitymakesasignicantcontribution
to developing a coherent system for data collection and
analysis.Itexaminestheexistinginternationallycomparable
dataonpublicsectoroutputsandoutcomesandrecommends
newapproachestomeasurement.
Public Governance and Regional Developmentwww.oecd.org/gov/indicatorswww.oecd.org/gov/regional/statisticsindicators
OECD(2009),How Regions Grow: Trends and Analysis,OECD,Paris.
OECDRegionaltypology:updatedstatistics
www.oecd.org/dataoecd/35/62/42392595.pd
OECD(2009),Government at a Glance,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2009),Measuring Government Activity,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2008),The State o the Public Service,OECD,Paris.
Posner,PaulL.,ShinKueRyuandAnnTkachenko,Public-Private
Partnerships:TheRelevanceofBudgeting,O ECD Journal on Budgeting,
Vol.2009/1.http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/budgetv9art3en
Further reading
that in many OECD countries,government workforces are ageing more rapidly than the restof society and the wider labour market?
that just 10% of regions accounted for more than half oftotal employment creation in their respective OECD countrybetween 1998 and 2006?
did you know
Statistics 25OECD wOrk On
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OECD
OECD eXplorer: Interactive graphical web-tool to analyse OECD regionshttp://stats.oecd.org/OECDregionalstatistics/
The OECD Regional Database provides yearly time-series for
40 socio-economicindicatorson about 2,000 regions among
theOECDcountries.
ThepublicationRegions at a Glanceisahandyreferenceonthe
performanceofregions:throughanalysisofpatternsofgrowth
andofthepersistenceofinequalitiesovertime,ithighlights
thefactorsresponsibleforregionalcompetitiveness.
26
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OECD
Total tax ratio as percentage of GDP, 2006
The OECDs taxation work covers all aspects of
internationalanddomestictaxation,directandindirect
taxes, tax policy and tax administration. Member
countriesprovideawiderangeofinformationontaxrevenues
andtaxsystems.
Revenue Statistics presents a unique set of detailed tax data
ina common format for allOECD countries.Thedataallow
comparisonoftaxationlevelsbetweencountriesaswellasan
analysisoftaxstructures.
Taxing Wagesdescribeshowtaxesanduniversalcashbenets
impact on the disposable income of different households
(varying in income levels and in composition) in OECD
countries.Itpresentsinformationonaveragetaxratesandon
marginaleffectivetaxratesapplyingtoadditionalearnings.
Taxationwww.oecd.org/tax
OECD(2008),Consumption Tax Trends 2008: VAT/GST and Excise Rates,
Trends and Administration Issues,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2008),Tax Cooperation 2008: Towards a Level Playing Field:
Assessment by the Global Forum on Taxation,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2006),The Political Economy o Environmentally Related Taxes,
OECD,Paris.
OECD(2009),Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital 2008,OECD,
Paris.
OECD(2001),Transer Pricing Guidelines or Multinational Enterprises and
Tax Administrations: Travel version,OECD,Paris.
Further reading
Source: Revenue Statistics 1965-2007 2008 Edition OECD 2008.
12http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/443525740152
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Mexico
Turkey
Korea
Japan
Un
itedStates
S
witzerland
Slova
kRepublic
Australia
Greece
Ireland
Canada
Poland
Germany
Portugal
Lu
xembourg
Spain
New
Zealand
Czec
hRepublic
Hungary
UnitedKingdom
N
etherlands
Iceland
Austria
Italy
Finland
Norway
France
Belgium
Sweden
Denmark
that 19 of the 30 OECD countrieshave experienced an overall decrease in the taxes on anaverage worker since 2000?
did you know
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OECD
OECD(2009),OECDFAO Agricultural Outlook 2009,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2009),Review o Fisheries in OECD Countries: Policies and Summary
Statistics 2008,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2008),Agricultural Policies in OECD Countries 2008: At a Glance,
OECD,Paris.
OECD(2009),Agricultural Policies in OECD Countries 2009: Monitoring and
Evaluation,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2009),Agricultural Policies in Emerging Economies: Monitoring and
Evaluation 2009,OECD,Paris.
Further reading
Agriculture and Foodwww.oecd.org/agriculture
The OECD compiles a wide range of data to support
its agricultural policy analysis and its long-term
agriculturalforecasts.
The OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook provides an assessment
of agriculturalmarket prospects. It shows how agricultural
markets are inuenced by economic developments and
government policies and highlights some of the risks and
uncertaintiesthatmightinuencetheoutlook.
The Producer and Consumer Support Estimates offers a unique
set of data on subsidies for OECD countries and non-OECD
economies. It reveals the effect of gross transfers from
consumers andtaxpayers tosupport agricultural producers,
takingaccountofallpolicymeasuresaffectingagriculture.
that agriculture has been moreresilient to the global economic crisis than other sectors?did you know
Producer Support Estimate by country, 1986-88 and 2006-08Per cent of gross farm receipts
Source: OECD, PSE/CSE database, 2009.
12http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/538001603742
0 10 20 30 50 70 80
%
40 60
1986-1988
2006-2008
New Zealand
Australia
United States
Mexico
Canada
Turkey
OECD
European Union
Japan
Iceland
Switzerland
Korea
Norway
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OECD
TheOECDisalsosupportingtheworkoftheCommissionon
theMeasurementofEconomicPerformanceandSocialProgress
established by the French Presidency and chaired byNobel
PrizewinnerJosephStiglitz.Severalinitiativesareenvisagedby
theOECDtofollow-upontheCommissionsrecommendations,
including, for example, a new communication strategy for
national accounts which focuses more on the consumer or
householdsidethanontheproductionsideandthedevelopment
ofahandbookonhowtomeasuresubjectivewell-being.
Personalwell-beingcannotbemeasuredsimplybyincome
andassets;measurementmustalsoconsiderarangeof
non-economicfactors.Thesenon-economicfactorscan
bemeasuredusingbothsubjectiveindicators(suchassurvey-
reportingoflifesatisfaction)andobjectiveindicators(suchas
healthconditions,educationlevels,andsocialconnections).
The OECD launched and now hosts the Global Project on
MeasuringtheProgressofSociety.Theprojectaimstofoster
the development of indicators to provide a comprehensive
pictureofwhatsocietalprogressmeans.Thisprojectfocuses
ondeterminingwhatandhowtomeasureandondecidinghow
tocommunicatethesemeasures.Theprojectseekstodevelop
guidelines for establishing an intra-societal dialogue about
whattomeasure,statisticalstandardsforthemeasurementof
well-being,andtoolsforcommunicatingstatisticstocitizens.
Well-Beingwww.oecd.org/progress
that on average, about 60% of peoplein OECD countries reported high life satisfaction, with thisshare ranging between 85% or more in the Netherlands,Finland and Denmark and less than 30% in Hungary, theSlovak Republic and Turkey?
did you know
OECD(2009),OECD Factbook 2009: Economic, Environmental and Social
Statistics,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2009),Society at a Glance 2009: OECD Social Indicators,OECD,
Paris.
MeasuringtheProgressofSocieties:KnowledgeBase
www.measuringprogress.org/knowledgeBase/
OECD(2008),Statistics, Knowledge and Policy 2007: Measuring and
Fostering the Progress o Societies,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2006),Statistics, Knowledge and Policy: Key Indicators to Inorm
Decision Making,OECD,Paris.
Further reading
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OECD
Sustainabledevelopmenttakesabroadviewonhuman
welfare,andseekstopreventthecurrentmaximisation
ofhumanwell-beingfromleadingtoadeclineinfuture
well-being.
Fromastatisticalpoint-of-view,muchworkremainstobedone
in order for sustainable development to bemeasured fully
andtheOECDisplayingamajorpartinthiseldofresearch.
For example,it contributes to thedevelopmentof statistical
standardsformeasuringeconomic,socialandenvironmental
phenomenaandofkeyindicatorsofsustainability.
TheOECDapproachassumesthatdevelopmentissustainable
ifandonlyifpercapitastocksofvarioustypesofassetsdonot
fallovertime.Theseassets(suchasmanufactures,nancial
services,naturalresources,andhumanandsocialcapital)can
Sustainable Developmentwww.oecd.org/sustainabledevelopment
betradedinmarketsandcontributepositivelytopeopleswell-
beingatagivenplaceandtime.
The report Measuring Sustainable Development contains
recommendations,madebytheOECD,UNECEandEurostaton
howto usethecapitalapproach tomeasure sustainability
andproposesasmallsetofheadlineindicatorstodoso.More
recently,theOECDhaslaunchedaprojecttobetterevaluatethe
stockofhumancapital,theimportanceofwhichforeconomic
performance and for the overall well-being of current and
futuregenerationsseemsmuchhigherthanthatofproduced
andnancialcapital.
OECD(2008),Sustainable Development: Linking Economy, Society,
Environment,OECDInsights,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2006),EconomicValuationofEnvironmentalHealthRiskstoChildren,
OECD,Paris
OECD(2001),International Science and Technology Cooperation: Towards
Sustainable Development,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2000),Towards Sustainable Development: Indicators to Measure
Progress,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2008),Environmental Perormance o Agriculture in OECD Countries
Since 1990,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2008),Climate Change Mitigation: What Do We Do?,OECD,Paris.
OECD(2004),Measuring Sustainable Development: Integrated Economic,
Environmental and Social Frameworks,OECD,Paris.
UNECE(2009),Measuring Sustainable Development,UNECE,Geneva
www.unece.org/stats/archive/03.03.e.htm
Further reading
that UNECE, Eurostat, and the OECDhave proposed a set of 28 indicators suitable for measuringsustainable development and for comparing performanceacross countries?
did you know
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