Download pdf - Executive Summary DEIA for Proposed Development of Sanitary Landfill Negeri Sembilan 1

JABATAN PENGURUSAN SISA PEPEJAL NEGARA

KEMENTERIAN PERUMAHAN DAN KERAJAAN TEMPATAN

DETAILED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

FOR

PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT OF SOLID WASTE

SANITARY LANDFILL AT LADANG TANAH MERAH

NEGERI SEMBILAN

Volume I – Executive Summary

GUNUNG-GANANG CORPORATION SDN BHD (476117-P) No. 53-2, Jalan SP2/1, Seksyen 2, Taman Serdang Perdana

43300 Seri Kembangan, Selangor Darul Ehsan Tel: 03-8941 5308/9 Fax: 03-8942 2469 Email: [email protected]

May 2011

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

DETAILED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT OF SOLID WASTE SANITARY LANDFILL AT LADANG TANAH MERAH NEGERI SEMBILAN

Page i

GUNUNG-GANANG

DEIA FOR PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT OF SOLID WASTE SANITARY LANDFILL

AT LADANG TANAH MERAH NEGERI SEMBILAN

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TABLE OF CONTENTS i

LIST OF TABLES i

LIST OF FIGURES i

1.0 INTRODUCTION ES-1

2.0 STATEMENT OF NEED ES-1

3.0 PROJECT OPTIONS ES-5

4.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ES-6

5.0 PROJECT ACTIVITIES ES-9

6.0 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT ES-10

7.0 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, MITIGATION MEASURES

AND RESIDUAL IMPACTS

ES-14

8.0 QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT ES-24

9.0 ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ES-25

10.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ES-25

11.0 CONCLUSION ES-26

LIST OF TABLES

Table ES-1 : Projected Population Growth at Districts in Negeri Sembilan ES-3

Table ES-2 : Incoming Solid Waste Projection at the Landfill (2011-2015) ES-3

Table ES-3 : Proposed Development Schedule ES-8

Table ES-4 : Summary of Potential Impacts, Mitigation Measures and Residual

Impacts

ES-15

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure ES-1 : Location of Proposed Project Site ES-2a

Figure ES-2 : Locations of Existing Disposal Sites in Negeri Sembilan ES-4

Figure ES-3 : General Layout of the Proposed Project ES-6a

Figure ES-4 : Locations of Surface Water Quality, Aquatic Flora and Fauna

Sampling

ES-11

Figure ES-5 : Land Use within 5 km Radius from the Proposed Project Site ES-14a


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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The project is entitled “Proposed Development of Solid Waste Sanitary Landfill at

Ladang Tanah Merah, Negeri Sembilan” (hereinafter referred to as “the Proposed

Project”).

The Proposed Project site occupies an area of 120 ha at part of Lot 7212, Mukim Jimah,

Daerah Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan (Figure ES-1). It lies within GPS coordinates of

N 02°40‟07.5” and N 02°39‟46.4”; and E 101°48‟29.4” and E 101°49‟23.5”. It has been

gazetted as landfill site in „Draf Rancangan Tempatan Daerah Port Dickson, 2007-2020‟.

The Project Proponent, Jabatan Pengurusan Sisa Pepejal Negara (JPSPN) has

appointed Gunung-Ganang Corporation Sdn. Bhd. (GGC) as the EIA Consultant to

undertake environmental impact asssessment for the Proposed Project.

The Terms of Reference of the DEIA was approved by the Department of Environment

(DOE) on 26th October 2010.

2.0 STATEMENT OF NEED

(a) Solid Waste Generation and Projections

The State of Negeri Sembilan has a population of about 860,000 in year 2000, and this is

projected to increase to 1,165,200 in year 2020 (Table ES-1). With the expectation of an

increasing population and the influx of tourists with the further development of Port

Dickson as a tourist destination, more solid waste is expected to be generated.

The projected increase of population reflects proportionally the potential increase in total

amount of municipal solid waste to be generated in Seremban, Port Dickson, Rembau

and Tampin districts (Table ES-2). Therefore, a sufficient area of landfill with

environmental pollution control measures is crucial to cater for the current demand as

well as the amount of waste to be generated in the near future.

(b) Solid Waste Disposal

There are eight disposal sites in the State of Negeri Sembilan (Figure ES-2). Many of

these disposal sites had already reached their maximum capacity.

Currently there are two landfills operating in the District of Port Dickson, one at Bukit

Palong, and the other at Sua Betong. With upgrading works, the Bukit Palong and Sua

Betong landfills have capacities of 550 tonnes/day and 30 tonnes/day respectively. The

two landfills are expected to be closed when the Proposed Project site is ready.

DETAILED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT OF SOLID WASTE SANITARY LANDFILL AT LADANG TANAH MERAH

NEGERI SEMBILAN

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It is estimated about 933 tonnes/day of solid waste will be generated in 2011, and is

expected to increase to 1,010 tonnes/day in 2015.

(c) Justification

There is definitely a need for a sanitary landfill in Port Dickson District as both the existing

landfills at Bukit Palong and Sua Betong have reached their capacity. The waste

generation in Port Dickson and a wider service area encompassing Seremban, Rembau

and Tampin districts is estimated to grow by more than 8 percent between 2011-2015.

Therefore, the situation could be considered critical.

The disposal of municipal solid wastes onto dumpsites poses significant threats to the

environment as well as to the general health of the communities residing in the vicinity of

these dumpsites. Among the problems encountered are leachate contamination of the

receiving waterways and groundwater, bad odour, proliferation of flies and other vermin

that may lead to public health issues, increase in the number of scavengers and fire

hazards posed by improper management of methane gas. Lacking proper design and

pollution control measures in particular to handle landfill gas, and the potential for open

burning of wastes at the sites, both the existing landfills in Port Dickson have a relatively

high potential for emission of greenhouse gases namely carbon dioxide, methane and

nitrous oxides, all of which contribute to adverse climate change.

Thus, the proposed method to dispose municipal solid waste via sanitary landfill is seen

as the most beneficial and practical means to meet societal needs and environmental

requirements. The proposed sanitary landfill will have additional components in the form

of a material recycling facility (MRF), and a composting plant for green waste. In terms of

economies of scale, it is desirable to find a site that is not too far from the existing

landfills.

Upon completion, the Proposed Project will not only replace the disposal sites at Bukit

Palong and Sua Betong but will have sufficient capacity to cater for the waste disposal

needs of the District of Tampin; and provide support to the disposal sites at Pajam and

Chembong.


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Figure ES-1: Location of Proposed Project Site

Source: Jabatan Ukur dan Pemetaan Malaysia. Series DNMM 5101. Sheets No. 142 & 143. Scale 1:50,000

Proposed

Project Site


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Table ES-1: Projected Population Growth at Districts in Negeri Sembilan

District Total Population

2000 2020

Seremban 397,185 594,000

Port Dickson 110,350 150,000

Jempol 129,733 150,000

Kuala Pilah 65,980 75,000

Tampin 79,825 100,000

Jelebu 38,526 44,200

Rembau 38,325 52,000

Total 859,924 1,165,200

Source: Rancangan Struktur Negeri Sembilan 2001 – 2020.

Table ES-2: Incoming Solid Waste Projection at the Landfill (2011 – 2015)

Operation

Period

(Year)

Bulky Waste

(tonnes/year)

Recyclable

(tonnes/year)

Domestic

(tonnes/year)

Total Waste

(tonnes/year)

Average

Waste

(tonnes/day)

2011 17,027 34,055 289,463 340,545 933

2012 17,368 34,736 295,253 347,356 952

2013 17,715 35,430 301,158 354,303 971

2014 18,069 36,139 307,181 361,389 990

2015 18,431 36,862 313,824 368,617 1,010

Total 88,610 177,221 1,506,378 1,772,210

Note: Basis for solid waste generation calculation:

- Population for the districts of Port Dickson, Seremban, Tampin and Rembau is 625,685 (2000

census)

- Population growth at rate of 2% per year

- Population for 2010 is 762,706

- Estimated per capita waste generation rate of 1.2 kg/person/day


NEGERI SEMBILAN

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Figure ES-2: Locations of Existing Disposal Sites in Negeri Sembilan


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3.0 PROJECT OPTIONS

This DEIA Report includes an analysis of options in the following areas:

Site Options.

Waste Management System Options.

“Without Project” Option.

(a) Site Options

The factors that contribute to the selected site are:

Located approximately 12 km from the existing landfill and accessibility is

good.

Located on the west of the Integrated Scheduled Wastes Management Centre

(ISWMC) of Kualiti Alam Sdn. Bhd. and shares a common buffer zone.

The ISWMC includes a secure landfill for disposal of scheduled wastes and

residues from its incinerator. Therefore, it can be extrapolated that the

geological and soil characteristics of the proposed sanitary landfill site would

be suitable for a landfill accepting municipal solid wastes from residential,

commercial, industrial and construction sources.

The risks of a sanitary landfill in terms of safety and environmental health

issues are lower than that of a scheduled wastes facility.

No water intake point downstream of the site.

Not located within flood plain.

Transportation routes for a large part of the service area are likely to be

maintained due to the proximity to the existing landfill.

Public acceptability is not expected to be an issue because ISWMC is located

beside the eastern boundary of the site.

(b) Waste Management System Options

The Project Proponent has considered the technology options available for the various

components of the sanitary landfill, namely the landfill itself, the composting plant and the

material recovery facility. Main factors that influence the technological considerations are

proven performance, environmental soundness, cost-effectiveness, operational efficiency,

as well as design and fabrication.

(c) “Without Project” Options

The "Without Project" option refers to the continued use of the existing Bukit Palong

Landfill in Port Dickson, as the main disposal method, or “Do Nothing” which will

undoubtedly result in undesirable environmental and health impacts.


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4.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

(a) Project Concept

The Proposed Project is designed to receive about 900 tonnes per day of municipal solid

waste (MSW) from Seremban, Port Dickson, Tampin and Rembau districts. It will be

developed in phases for an estimated life span of 25 years. The first phase involves the

construction and operation of the first cell known as “Cell 1”, which is 15 ha of the total

area. The other two cells are reserved for future needs.

The Proposed Project will be designed up to Level 4 landfill type which will be equipped

with leachate and landfill gas collection pipe, collection pond and leachate treatment

plant. General layout of the Proposed Project is shown in Figure ES-3 and the main

features of design concepts are summarised below:

Total project area : 120.0 ha

Cell 1 area : 15.0 ha

Cell 1 lifespan : 5 years

Cell volume : 2,400,000 cubic metres

Average height of waste filling : 20 metres

Landfill design : Semi-aerobic

Leachate collection system : HDPE pipe

Leachate containment system : Geo-synthetic clay liner and HDPE membrane

Leachate management : Recirculation back to cell, final discharge to

comply with the Second Schedule (Acceptable

Conditions for Discharge of Leachate),

Regulation 13 of the Environmental Quality

(Control of Pollution from Solid Waste Transfer

Station and Landfill) Regulations 2009.

Landfill gas management : Vertical vent pipe

Material recovery facility (MRF) : 2 ha (2 units, each unit 1 ha)

Composting area : 2.3 ha

Inert cell : 2.25 ha (3 cells, 0.75 ha each)

(b) Surface Water Management

A 3.6 ha retention pond is allocated to attenuate peak flow from the Proposed Project and

to serve as a sediment trap that will reduce sedimentation at Sg. Anak Air Unyai. A cut-off

drain will be constructed at the perimeter of Cell 1 to divert surface run-off and to

minimise leachate production as well as soil erosion.


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Figure ES-3: General Layout of the Proposed Project


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(c) Landfill Operation and Maintenance

The management and operations at the landfill will involve reception of transported

wastes, waste inspection, weighing of waste trucks, tipping activities, spreading and

compacting, mixing and covering the solid waste with cover material.

(d) Material Recycling facility

MRF will be designed to separate recyclable materials through a combination of manual

and mechanical sorting. The waste received at this facility will be mainly institutional,

commercial and industrial (ICI) wastes and is estimated to be about 180 tonnes per day.

(e) Leachate Management System

Established sequential batch reactor (SBR) process and dissolved air floatation (DAF) will

be used as the primary treatment. The effluent is then subjected to a chemical treatment

of coagulation-flocculation to remove heavy metals and improve the colour.

Trace pollutants (residual COD, malodour and ammonia) will be removed in the final

polishing process by adsorption on the surfaces of powered activated carbon placed in

filter columns. The carbon filters will chemically and biologically remove many residual

compounds simultaneously.

Leachate treatment plant (LTP) will consist of the following components:

Physical screens to remove large solid materials at pumping chamber

Raw leachate holding pond

SBR pond

DAF feeding pond

DAF

Sand and carbon filter

Filter press for non-biological sludge drying facilities

The design of the LTP for Phase 1 is based on a leachate generation rate of 575 m3 per

day. Treated leachate will be used for washing and cleaning.

(f) Landfill Gas Management System

Vertical gas vent piping will be installed at the cell for passive landfill gas release.

(g) Proposed Development Schedule

Table ES-3 indicates the proposed development schedule for overall implementation of

the Proposed Project. It is expected to start operation in September 2012.


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Table ES-3: Proposed Development Schedule

Activity Year

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26-30 31-35

Site Clearing and

Earthworks

Construction of Cell 1

Other civil and structure

works

Mechanical and electrical

works

Installation of equipment

and machinery


Safe closure and

rehabilitation of Cell 1


Safe closure and

rehabilitation of Cell 2

Operation and

maintenance of landfill

Post closure management


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5.0 PROJECT ACTIVITIES

In general, the development of the Proposed Project can be divided into the following

stages:

(a) Pre-construction

Most of the activities such as site surveys and investigation during the pre-construction

stage have little or no significant negative impacts on the environment. Therefore, no

mitigation measure is required at this stage.

(b) Construction

Construction of the Proposed Project involves mainly the following activities:

Site clearing of approximately 50 ha of land area for phase 1 development

including area for Cell 1, retention pond, leachate treatment plant, MRF,

workshop, office, inert waste area, composting area and part of Cell 3 for

storage of access earth as well as a permanent access road to the Proposed

Project site.

Earthworks activities include cutting and filling of platforms to the required

proposed levels. 1,650,359 m3 of excess earth will be stockpiled at Cell 3 for

daily cover materials during the operational stage.

Construction of sanitary landfill, associated infrastructure and utilities including

the permanent access road.

Installation of equipment and machinery

(c) Operation and Maintenance

Solid wastes from Port Dickson, Seremban, Tampin and Rembau districts will be

transported to the Proposed Project site via the Federal Route 5 (FR5) and the

permanent access road. At the entrance of the Proposed Project site, solid waste haulage

trucks will be inspected, and type of wastes, weight as well as their origin will be

recorded. Only non-hazardous and non-scheduled wastes from municipalities, industrial,

commercial, institutions (ICI) and domestic households will be allowed to enter the site.

Trucks will be directed to the designated MRF for commingle household and ICI wastes,

composting area for greenery wastes and inert waste area for construction and demolition

wastes.

Regular maintenance of equipment and machinery operating on-site will be undertaken to

ensure the equipment and machinery are in optimum working conditions.

(d) Post Operation

Safe closure of Cell 1 activities will be initiated upon reaching its designed capacity of

five years. Safe closure of the landfill activities will be undertaken according to the

“Guidelines for Safe Closure and Rehabilitation of MSW Landfill Sites”.


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6.0 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT

(a) Topography

The Proposed Project site is located at an undulating to hilly terrain ranging from 25 m to

165 m above mean sea level and has a trending from the northeast to southwest.

(b) Geology and Soils

The entire Proposed Project site is underlain by granite which is a homogenous fine to

coarse crystalline acid intrusive igneous rock. Soil depth varies from over 32 m in the

northern region to 3 m towards the stream. Soil profile is silt with mixtures of varying

amounts of sand and gravelly materials. The topsoil consists largely of silty fine sand and

fine sand mixed with decayed organic matters.

(c) Hydrology and Drainage

Sg. Anak Air Unyai catchment where the Proposed Project is located has an area of

about 6.75 km2. Average 7-day minimum flow with 10-year ARI for the Proposed Project

site was estimated at 0.007 m3/s using Hydrological Procedure No. 12.

(d) Surface Water Quality

Surface water quality sampling was carried out at eight locations – one station each at

upstream (W1) and within (W2) the Proposed Project site as well as six stations (W3 to

W8) downstream of the Proposed Project site up to the estuary (Figure ES-4).

Water Quality Index (WQI) for stations W1, W4, W7 and W8 are classified as clean,

stations W5 and W6 are classified as slightly polluted, and stations W2 and W3 are

classified as polluted.

(e) Groundwater Quality

Eight piezometers were established but only five groundwater samples were collected

and analysed. Most of the parameters analysed in the laboratory were within the limits of

the Recommended Raw Water Quality Criteria by Ministry of Health with the exception of

arsenic, manganese, mercury, lead, chemical oxygen demand and coliform for certain

stations and iron for all the samples.

(f) Soil Sample

One soil sample was collected from each piezometer except P5 because of the sandy

sample.


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Figure ES-4: Locations of Surface Water Quality, Aquatic Flora and Fauna

Sampling

W4/S4

W2/S2

W6

W7/S6

W8/S7

Kuala Lukut Besar

Legend: Water Quality, Aquatic Flora

and Fauna Sampling Station

W3/S3 W1/S1

W5/S5

Proposed

Project Site


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(g) Climatology and Meteorology

The Proposed Project site is located near to Port Dickson which has an equatorial type of

climate characterised by warm and humid weather all year round. It is under the influence

of the Northeast Monsoon (from November to March) and the Southwest Monsoon (from

May to September).

The meteorological station at the Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA), Sepang

indicated that strong sea-land breeze with speeds of between 0.3 and 10.7 m/s were

influenced by the monsoon seasons.

With an average annual rainfall of approximately 2,010 mm, Port Dickson is located in a

relatively dry area with respect to other areas in Malaysia.

Mean annual minimum and maximum temperatures recorded were 24.2 °C and 32.1 °C

respectively.

Mean monthly relative humidity ranged from 75.8 and 84.3 percent.

(h) Air Quality

Air quality was monitored at three locations, namely, the Proposed Project site, Kg. 107

Ekar and Sekolah Kebangsaan Sendayan. As the Proposed Project site is located in a

fairly remote area, the results of the monitored parameters were within the limits of

Recommended Malaysian Air Quality Guidelines.

(i) Odour

Odour monitoring was conducted at the three locations similar with the air quality

monitoring. The average odour levels ranged from 3,280 to 6,665 ou/m3.

(j) Noise

Noise monitoring was undertaken at four locations, three within the Proposed Project site

and one at Kg. 107 Ekar. Noise levels LAeq recorded ranged from 55.5 to 66.5 dB(A).

(k) Land Use

Land use within the Proposed Project site is mainly oil palm plantations. Major land use

within the 5 km radius from the boundary of the Proposed Project site is agriculture, forest

reserve, shrub land, housing, commercial, institutional and public amenities

(Figure ES-5).

(l) Terrestrial Flora and Fauna

Field observations made within the Proposed Project site indicated that oil palm stands

are present other than 46 species of weeds. Field survey revealed that 10 species of

insects mainly flies and mosquitoes were found within the Proposed Project site.


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(m) Aquatic Flora and Fauna

The locations of aquatic flora and fauna sampling (stations S1 to S7) are similar to the

locations of surface water sampling except station W6 (refer Figure ES-4).

Phytoplankton at the study area consisted of five major phyla namely Bacillariophyta,

Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Euglenophyta and Dinoflagellata with a total of 27 species.

The average density of phytoplankton at the study area was 94.88 cells/ml.

There are six phyla of zooplankton namely Protozoa, Rotifera, Arthropoda,

Chaetognatha, Mollusca and Annelida found at the study area. The average density of

zooplankton at the study area was 5.8 spp/l.

A total of 23 species of macrobenthos under five phyla (Annelida, Arthropoda,

Urochordata, Echinodermata and Sipuncula) were identified at the study area with an

average density of 1,193 ind./m2.

A total of 18 species of fish and one species each of horseshoe crab, crab and shrimp

were caught at the study area.

(n) Traffic

The Proposed Project site is located approximately 15 km away from Sepang town and

19 km from Port Dickson town; and is accessible through Federal Route 5 (FR5). This

road is a single lane with two-way direction. The road reserve has an average width of

18 – 19 metres.

Traffic survey conducted along the Ladang Tanah Merah stretch of FR5 revealed that

peak hours occur during 7:15 – 8:15am and 5:15 – 6:15pm, with traffic volume of 683 and

609 pcu/hour, respectively. Passenger cars are the dominant traffic composition followed

by lorries, motorcycles, vans and buses.

(o) Public Health

All of the houses surveyed had access to adequate and safe drinking water supply in the

form of piped water from Jabatan Bekalan Air either inside or outside of their houses.

About 87% of the houses surveyed possessed hygienic toilets of either the pour-flush or

flush type. The other 13% of houses surveyed may be exposed to faecally-transmitted

water and food borne diseases like dysenteries, cholera, typhoid, hepatitis A, poliomyelitis

and food poisoning.

The highest prevalence of disease were for diabetes and asthma, both at 3.23%, followed

by hypertension (1.99%), heart problem (1.74%) and skin diseases (1.49%).


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(p) Socio-Economy

A Socio-Economic and Social Impact Survey was carried out on the 22nd of December

2010 and 9th January 2011. The survey questionnaire was divided into five sections:

(i) Demographic Profile, (ii) Economic and Social Status, (iii) Health Status, (iv) Social and

Economic Problems, and (v) Perception of Social Impacts of Development. A total of 402

respondents, representing 85 households, were covered in the survey.

The communities covered by the survey include Kg. 107 Ekar, Taman A3/A4 Tanah

Merah, Taman Jimah Jaya, Kg. Jimah Lama, Kg. Jimah Baru, Felda Sendayan and

Taman Gadong Jaya.

The majority of the respondents (87.1%) were heads of households and the remaining

were children of the head of the households.

A Public Dialogue Session involving stakeholders from governmental and non-

governmental organisations as well as representatives of the local population and interest

groups was held on 25th of January 2011. There were a larger proportion (62.5%) of

stakeholders that did not agree with the Proposed Project and the remaining agreed with

the Proposed Project.

7.0 POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, MITIGATION MEASURES AND

RESIDUAL IMPACTS

A summary of potential impacts, mitigation measures and residual impacts is provided in

Table ES-4.


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Figure ES-5: Land Use within 5 km Radius from the Proposed Project Site

Land Use Specific Locations:

Agriculture 1. Taman Gadong Jaya

Shrubs / Belukar 2. Bandar Sri Sendayan

Cemetery 3. Felda Sendayan

Livestock 4. Kg. Jimah Baru

Residential / Commercial 5. Kg. Jimah Lama

Quarry 6. Kualiti Alam Sdn. Bhd.

Industry 7. Tanah Merah Quarry Sdn. Bhd.

Government Use / Institution 8. Eka Matahari

Land Under Development 9. Kg. 107 Ekar

Scheduled Wastes Centre 10. Kilang Kelapa Sawit Tanah Merah

Forest Reserve 11. Taman A3 / A4 Tanah Merah

Transportation Reserve 12. Kg. Jaging River 13. Taman A1 / A2 Tanah Merah High Tension Transmission Line 14. Kg. Baru Tanah Merah Site „C'


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Table ES-4: Summary of Potential Impacts, Mitigation Measures and Residual Impacts

No. Potential Impacts Mitigation Measures Residual Impacts

1 Soil Erosion

Weighted soil erosion losses and sediment yielded at

different stages of the development are:

The construction of erosion and sediment control

structures (e.g. silt trap, check dam, earth drain and

rolled erosion control blanket) on-site should be

implemented in stages with the silt trap construction

being the first priority. All these measures should be in

place before proceeding with site clearing and

earthworks. A systematic earth drain network would be

able to channel run-off laden with silt to the silt trap

concerned. These structures should be regularly desilted

to achieve their optimum performance during the

construction phase so as to prevent siltation of

waterways during heavy downpour.

The implementation of Erosion and Sediment Control

Plan (ESCP) in order to control erosion and siltation

during the construction stage.

Two silt traps shall be maintained throughout the

construction stage.

All Best Management Practices (BMPs) provided such

as silt fences, check dams, slope protections,

construction access stabilisation and wash trough,

shall be maintained.

Post monitoring of the constructed BMPs shall be

carried out.

ESCP plans must be followed and maintained by a

qualified person.

ESCP for the proposed permanent access road covering

a length of 5.4 km from the main road to the Proposed

Project site has been formulated.

-

Soil Erosion Losses Sediment Yielded

i) Pre-construction

ii) Construction

iii) Operational

35.67 t/ha/yr

77.31 t/ha/yr

30.61 t/ha/yr

11.77 t/ha/yr

25.51 t/ha/yr

10.10 t/ha/yr

Soil erosion loss before construction is at low risk level with

81.74% of the Project Site recording soil erosion loss of

less than 50 t/ha/yr. During construction, the erosion risk

would increase with almost 17.94% of the area having

erosion loss of more than 150 t/ha/yr.


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Table ES-4: Summary of Potential Impacts, Mitigation Measures and Residual Impacts (Cont.)


2 Hydrology and Drainage

Modelling results indicate that post-development peak flow

(100 ARI) exceeds the pre-development peak flow (2 ARI)

about 3.6439 m3/s.

A 3.6 ha retention pond will be used as a flood retention

pond for temporary storage of excess run-off during the

event of storm. This will help in controlling floods at

downstream of the Proposed Project.

The retention pond is also capable of draining the

100-year Average Recurrence Interval (ARI) peak flow

from the pond with its emergency spillway.

-

3 Surface Water Quality

During the construction stage, water pollution is mainly

from sewage discharge, vehicles maintenance yard,

biomass disposal and indiscriminate disposal of

construction waste. Nevertheless, water quality impacts are

expected to be short term in nature if best management

practices at the construction site are implemented.

During the operational stage, Water Quality Analysis and

Simulation Program modelling revealed that the impact is

not expected to be significant where normal, abnormal and

worst case spill scenarios of the water quality simulation

indicates that most of the river segments will be within

Class II and III of the NWQS.

Construction Stage

Proper toilets and septic tanks are installed at workers‟

camp and site offices.

Oil and grease must not be disposed of into waterways

and any spillage must be cleaned up promptly.

Construction of secondary containment for oil storage.

Operational Stage

Ensure that leachate from the Proposed Project site is

treated to the Second Schedule (Regulation 13) of the

Environmental Quality (Control of Pollution from Solid

Waste Transfer Station and Landfill) Regulations 2009.

Conduct regular monitoring of leachate parameters

and online monitoring for ammoniacal nitrogen.

Conduct regular audits of leachate treatment system to

minimise breakdown of equipment and machinery.

Prepare a spill response plan to address emergency

release of leachate and effective mitigation of spills.

Residual water quality

impacts are expected.


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4 Hydrogeology

Groundwater in the weathered overlain material generally

flows towards the south and locally flows into Sg. Jimah

and Sg. Runtoh. Groundwater in the main aquifer flows

southwards to Malacca Strait and to the adjacent rivers as

well.

Modular Path-line model and Modular Transport Three

Dimensional Multi Species model predicted that any

contaminant discharge from the Proposed Project site is

expected to flow underground in the groundwater flow

direction and will reach Sg. Jimah about 50 years as well

as Sg. Runtoh about 60 years.

The construction and maintenance of perimeter drains

surrounding the landfill site will minimise the spreading of

leachate underground and control the surface run-off

from the tipping area.

-

5 Air Quality

During the construction stage, Industrial Source Complex

Short Term Version 3 model predicted that the maximum

24-hour ambient air concentration of total suspended

particulate (TSP) at Kg. 107 Ekar and the Proposed Project

site are 386 µg/m3 and 1,551 µg/m

3 respectively if no

control measures are implemented. With control measures

the TSP concentration will be within the Malaysian Ambient

Air Quality Guidelines (260 µg/m3).

During the operational stage, the predicted concentrations

of TSP outside the Proposed Project site are within the

guidelines limit even without dust control measures.

At Kg. 107 Ekar, the predicted average methane and

NMOC concentrations are 739 µg/m3 and 5 µg/m

3

respectively.

Construction Stage

Permanent surfacing of all heavily-used incoming

access roadways with concrete and asphalt.

All temporary access roads should be surfaced with

crushed gravel or crusher run.

A washing bay with high-pressure water jet facilities

shall be provided for cleaning vehicles.

Access roadways shall be wetted down to minimise

fugitive dust emissions.

Transport vehicles and construction machinery shall

be regularly serviced and properly maintained.

Topsoil stockpiles should be kept covered or have a

suitable dust palliative applied.

Suitable dust palliative or watering should be applied

to unsealed roads.

TSP is generally low and

insignificant.

Methane and carbon

dioxide emission is

negligible in relation to

national and global

emissions.

Other gaseous pollutants

do not have any significant

impact on air quality as the

amount emitted is in trace

amounts.


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Operational Stage

The most effective means of reducing dust emissions

is to pave roadways and any other areas where there

is a regular movement of vehicles.

Exposed areas should be covered wherever practical

either by paving or turfing.

The Proposed Project site should demonstrate good

maintenance and housekeeping practices.

Incoming waste that are light, powdery and has a

propensity to become fugitive dust emissions must be

moved very carefully and must be covered with other

waste or cover soil as soon as possible.

Earthwork activities should be minimised during windy

periods.

6 Odour

During the operational stage, the predicted 24-hour

average odour levels at the Proposed Project site and

Kg. 107 Ekar are < 1.0 ou for the properly managed

scenario. However, the predicted odour levels increase to

26.2 ou and 1.3 ou at the Proposed Project site and Kg.

107 Ekar respectively for the no proper management

scenario.

Odour nuisance based on emissions from the proposed

landfill which is properly managed is predicted to be

insignificant. However, if the landfill is poorly managed

odour may become a nuisance up to a kilometre from the

Proposed Project site.

Incoming waste odours can be most effectively

controlled by prompt spreading, compaction and

covering to prevent exposure of the waste.

Adequate aeration is usually effective in controlling

leachate odours typically at the MRF.

Spillage of waste materials and its accompanying

residues should be removed as quickly as possible by

dry washing.

Sorting activities at the MRF should be conducted

within 12 hours of waste delivery.

Garbage trucks should be closed and equipped with

leachate collection system to prevent spillage of

leachate on roads and generation of bad odour.

Malodour is present.


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7 Noise

During the construction stage, noise levels are expected to

be insignificant as construction activities are confined to

day time and temporary in nature.

During the operational stage, noise levels at various

baseline sampling sites are not expected to increase

significantly, the nearest residential area of Kg. 107 Ekar

where noise is predicted remains at 62.4 dBA.

Mitigation and management measures are recommended

to further minimise any noise impacts:

Construction and operational activities are confined to

daytime operations from 7:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m.

Conduct regular maintenance on machinery/

equipment/vehicles to minimise excessive noise.

Retain existing vegetation around the Proposed

Project site boundary.

Incorporate applicable and practicable silencers and

enclosures for machineries or equipment.

Insignificant.

8 Land Use

The Proposed Project site is located within the low risk

zone of environmental sensitive areas. The nearest

sensitive receptor, Kg. 107 Ekar is approximately 700 m

from the Proposed Project boundary. The other settlements

are located more than 1 km away.

The buffer zone at the north of the Proposed Project site

shall be preserved.

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9 Terrestrial Flora and Fauna

During the construction stage, the impacts on terrestrial

flora relates to the activities of cutting, clearing and

disposing of the oil palm trunks and leaves. However, these

impacts are not important to the flora as a whole as weed

species are neither economically nor scientifically

important.

During the operational stage, proliferation of pest such as

mosquitoes, houseflies, house rats as well as birds

especially crows at the vicinity will pose a health hazard to

humans because they are known as vectors for various

diseases.

Construction Stage

The most appropriate mitigation measure is to keep the

workers‟ camps clean. Other mitigation measures

include:

Housekeeping shall be conducted at least once a

week or at a more regular basis to minimise

proliferation of pests.

Discourage workers from keeping pets.

Domestic garbage generated from the workers‟ camps

shall be disposed of at the nearby Bukit Palong landfill.

Operational Stage

Soil cover is the most effective measure to minimise

the proliferation of pests hunting for food.

Erection of fence to deter animals from entering the


Daily washing of the sorting area at the MRF is

encouraged to minimise residue waste left in the

facility.

Pest breeding grounds shall be destroyed. Fogging or

spraying of chemicals to control pests shall be

conducted cautiously. Biological control method is

encouraged to be used.

Establishment of monitoring programmes to assess

the health status of aquatic flora and fauna at

downstream of the treated leachate discharge point.

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10 Aquatic Flora and Fauna

During the construction stage, adverse impacts would be

significant if there are no proper wastewater management

facilities provided for sewage and sullage. Excessive

ammoniacal nitrogen can affect the fish in terms of growth

rate, hatching and changes in tissues of gills, liver and

kidneys.

High suspended sediment concentrations within rivers can

affect the behaviour, health, reproduction and habitat of

freshwater fish. High levels of suspended sediment can

clog gills or cause gill abrasion, reduce light penetration,

thus suppressing photosynthetic activity of phytoplankton

and algae.

During the operational stage, high concentration

of ammonia from the leachate can have an effect on

growth, reproduction and survival of invertebrates, fishes

and aquatic plants.

Construction Stage

Mitigation measures recommended in the above for

surface water quality and soil erosion will minimise the

adverse impacts for fish.

Operational Stage

The leachate treatment plant must always be operated

and maintained to ensure the final discharge is always

in compliance with the Second Schedule (Acceptable

Discharge Conditions for Discharge of Leachate),

Regulation 13 of the Environmental Quality (Control of

Pollution from Solid Waste Transfer Station and

Landfill) Regulations 2009.

Composting facility shall be lined with geo-synthetic

liners to prevent percolation of leachate into

groundwater.

The ponds in the LTP must all be lined to ensure the

leachate does not infiltrate into the soil and

groundwater.

The wash waters generated at the composting plant,

MRF and the truck wash must be channelled to the

raw leachate holding pond of the LTP.

All landfill surface run-off shall be diverted away from

the landfill cell to reduce the amount of leachate

generated.

-


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11 Health

During the construction stage, ambient total suspended

particulate is a main concern if no control measures are

undertaken.

During the operational stage, total suspended particulate

and gaseous pollutants are expected to be generated.

A potential problem that may arise from the operation of the

Proposed Project is creation of breeding sites for rodents

and disease vectors like flies, cockroaches and

mosquitoes.

Mitigation measures for health issues are:

Medical screening and immunisation of workers.

Fogging at active working areas.

Use of face masks for protection against respirable

dusts by landfill workers.

Regular water spraying to reduce dust generation.

Minimise possibility of pest breeding and the spread of

pest-related diseases.

Minimise solid waste spillage during collection,

transportation and disposal at the Project site.

All deposited waste in the cell must be adequately

covered with soil cover material at the end of each

day's operation.

No human scavengers should be allowed within the


Setting up of washing and cleaning facilities for

workers in the landfill and encouraging them to

maintain personal hygiene.

Health risks of water

pollutants are acceptable.


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12 Traffic Management

Based on normal annual growth of 3% per annum, future

level of service (LOS) for FR5 (Ladang Tanah Merah

stretch) is estimated to be in good LOS for with and without

the Proposed Project scenarios.

The Proposed Project will not have a significant impact to

the existing road network but some mitigation measures

can be considered including:

Proper traffic management and road signages and

markings should be installed along the construction

roads.

Vehicle speed control to minimise risk of accidents.

Heavy traffic.

13 Socio-Economy

At the time of the social survey, responses from the

households showed that 40.3% of the households agreed

and supported the Proposed Project, 52.3% disagreed and

did not support it. The remaining 7.4% did not think that it

was important for them to answer or did not have any

knowledge about sanitary landfills.

The perceived negative impacts by the respondents were

mainly related to:

i) movement of heavy vehicles (garbage trucks) which the

residents perceived will make roads leading to the

Proposed Project site unsafe;

ii) influx of workers (including foreign workers) at the

Proposed Project site which would be a social threat to

the local residents;

iii) perceptions that deteriorating air quality, pollution and

contamination of water will cause health problems; and

iv) disruption of livestock-rearing activities which are

currently carried out in the area.

Most of the socio-economy issues highlighted by the

residents have been discussed. Public concerns and

issues also can be addressed through proper channels of

communication to address their worries and disputes.

Priority should be given to local residents for any job

opportunities during the construction and operational

stages.

Undertake surveys to identify if any issues raised by

the local residents still persist although mitigation

measures have been undertaken.

A special committee should be established. The

committee shall consist of representatives from the

operator and head of each settlement within the 5 km

zone and local authorities.

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NEGERI SEMBILAN

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8.0 QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT

Analysis of the transportation route and the proposed landfill site is summarised as follows:

i) Transportation of the wastes to the landfill site should be carried out during the off-peak hours.

ii) Traffic control system at the entrance to the landfill site should be implemented i.e. installation of traffic lights system to prevent collision of vehicles coming in and going out from the landfill site to the main road.

iii) The trucks used should be fully covered to prevent wastes from dropping along the route to the Proposed Project site.

iv) The drivers should have valid class of driving license and trained to handle heavy vehicles on busy roads.

v) During the construction stage of the Proposed Project, safety rules and guidelines of the construction site should be implemented and control of contractors should be implemented to avoid mishaps at the work site. This would involve lifting of heavy equipment using cranes, excavation of soil for “cell” preparation and building foundations, and general site preparation.

vi) During the operational stage traffic movement at the landfill site should be regulated to prevent collision accidents and a proper waiting area should be allocated for the trucks.

vii) The landfill site is to be designed with gas collection piping system and the vent or flare as the case may be, should be located in a safe area within the landfill site boundary.

viii) The “cells” should have an impervious layer to prevent rainwater or leachate from contaminating the ground water.

ix) Strict administration of the landfill site is to be implemented to prevent trespassing and to avoid fires from being started by trespassers.

x) Driving speed at the landfill site is to be regulated to a speed of 25 km per hour.

xi) Monitoring of the gases should be carried out to ensure that the areas are not blanketed by toxic gases evolved from the decomposition of the waste. This is especially so in the case of hydrogen sulphide.

xii) The risk of fires at the landfill site is limited to 1 x 10-5 per year from lightning. Risk of deliberate ignition of waste is not calculated as this is considered as sabotage and as such cannot be quantified.

xiii) The risk of gas migrating to surrounding areas is negligible as the landfill site will be designed to the proper standard and impervious layering using clay or membranes will be implemented in the construction of the landfill “cells”.

xiv) A detail study should be carried out prior to implementing the “cell” construction, as it will be the crucial part of the landfill operation. This would involve the design of vehicle movement route within the dump site area and the gradient of slope to prevent landslides within the cell.


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9.0 ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

Economic study of the environment impacts on health, farm yield, fisheries, livestock,

industries and land value indicated that they are insignificant.

10.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) aims to facilitate the planning, controlling and

monitoring of remedial activities and enforcement by the DOE in ascertaining that all

conditions are complied with, when the plan is carried out. The EMP highlights the

following:

(a) Environmental Policy

It is an organisation‟s aim and commitments towards the spirit of environmental protection

and management based on environmental requirements, legislations and guidelines.

(b) Organisational Structure

The parties involved in the Proposed Project are:

JPSPN

Main Contractor

Main Operator

Environmental Consultant

Environmental Auditor

(c) Environmental Requirements

Environmental requirements including the Terms and Conditions of EIA Approval, the

relevant legal requirements and several guidelines are listed for reference.

(d) Environmental Monitoring and Inspection Programmes

Environmental monitoring and inspection programmes were proposed to ensure that the

environment impacts within and surrounding the Proposed Project site are being checked

regularly. These programmes should be developed based on the requirements of the

Terms and Conditions of EIA Approval and the recommendations of this DEIA Report.

The proposed monitoring programmes include:

Surface Water

Groundwater

Leachate Effluent

Air Quality

Odour

Noise

Soil Erosion and Sedimentation

Solid Waste Disposal


NEGERI SEMBILAN

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GUNUNG-GANANG

Scheduled Wastes and Hazardous Materials

Wastewater Discharge

Biological

In additional, performance monitoring during the operational stage is recommended.

Maintenance of records is one of the main elements in the performance monitoring.

Environmental management and protection for the Proposed Project abandonment during

the planning, construction and operational stages were also addressed in the EMP.

(e) Emergency Response Plan

Emergency response plan (ERP) highlights the action to be taken if any emergencies

occur due to natural hazards and accidents. The ERP for the Proposed Project site

should be prepared once the organisation and operational aspects of the landfill site has

been finalised. This would cover areas involving accidents at site, slope failures, handling

of wastes and fire at cells.

11.0 CONCLUSION

The expected increase in the generation of the solid waste and the rapid depletion of

existing capacity at the Bukit Palong and Sua Betong landfills indicate there is an urgent

need to develop an integrated solid waste management facility that would cater for all

types of municipal waste generated from the four districts, namely: Seremban, Port

Dickson, Tampin and Rembau.

Environmental issues and pollution derived from construction and operational activities

will be reduced to an acceptable level if adequate mitigation measures and best

management practices are implemented. Therefore, the operator of the sanitary landfill

must ensure that all mitigation measures and best management practices are carried out

accordingly.