Factors Influencing Recidivism of Juvenile Delinquents Wimonwan Panyawong at el.
J Psychiatr Assoc ThailandVol. 53 No. 3 July - October 2008 271
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J Psychiatr Assoc Thailand 2008; 53(3): 271-283
* Faculty of Graduate Studies, Clinical Psychology Program, Department of Psychiatry,Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University.
** Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University.
Factors Influencing Recidivism ofJuvenile DelinquentsWimonwan Panyawong M.Sc. *, Kanokrat Sukhatunga M.Ed., M.Sc. **,
Gobhathai Kunarak M.D. **
Abstract
Objective: To study individual factors and social and environmental factors influencing recidivism
of juvenile delinquents.
Method: The study group comprised 168 juvenile delinquents at Baan Karuna and Baan Pranee
Juvenile Observation and Protection Centers (137 males and 31 females) who had history of
recidivism. Data collection was done by the Rorschach test to assess characteristic traits, the
Standard Progressive Matrices to assess IQ, and structured interview conducted by questionnaire in
order to assess other individual, social and environmental factors.
Results: Result revealed that individual factors comprised of characteristic traits of immaturity and
identity confusion. They often interpreted and managed life situation in a superficial approach and
without thought. Results also found emotional problems regarding poor impulse control which led
to problem relating to adjustment and interpersonal relationships. Result also found that they
generally had an average IQ and above but low education and low income, like their parents.
Regarding social and environmental factors, although they had broken homes, they had good
relationships with family members. The peer group who had criminal records and drug use history
also influenced to the juveniles.
Conclusion: Results have shown that a projective test as the Rorschach test can expand the data
from interviewing in the areas of cognitive, affective, and expressive domains which provide a
deeper understanding the juveniles. This brought to promote program of increasing awareness for
self-improvement.
Keywords: recidivism, juvenile delinquents, Rorschach test
Factors Influencing Recidivism of Juvenile Delinquents Wimonwan Panyawong at el.
J Psychiatr Assoc ThailandVol. 53 No. 3 July - October 2008 273
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ºŸâ™à«¬«‘®—¬ ´÷Ë߉¥âΩñ°·≈–∑”§«“¡‡¢â“„®‡°’ˬ«°—∫«‘∏’°“√
·≈–¢—ÈπµÕπ„π°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√‡°Á∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡√’¬∫√âÕ¬·≈â«
¡“™à«¬¥”‡π‘π°“√‡°Á∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ ‡√‘Ë¡®“°°“√∑” IQ test ®“°
Standard Progressive Matrices ‚¥¬∑”‡ªìπ°≈ÿà¡Ê ≈–
‰¡à‡°‘π 30 §π µ“¡§«“¡ –¥«°„π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡¥Ÿ·≈
¢Õ߇®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë»Ÿπ¬åΩñ°œ ·≈– ∂“π∑’Ë „™â‡«≈“ª√–¡“≥
30 π“∑’ ®“°π—Èπ·∫à߇°Á∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡ªìπ√“¬∫ÿ§§≈ ‚¥¬‡¬“«™π
·µà≈–§π®–‰¥â√—∫°“√ —¡¿“…≥å·∫∫¡’‚§√ß √â“ßµ“¡
·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ à«πµ—« ·≈–√—∫°“√∑¥ Õ∫‚¥¬„™â
·∫∫∑¥ Õ∫√Õ√噓§ (Rorschach test) „™â‡«≈“√«¡
·µà≈–§πª√–¡“≥ 1 ™—Ë«‚¡ß
º≈°“√«‘®—¬µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑—Ë«‰ª¢Õ߇¬“«™πºŸâ°√–∑”º‘¥´È”
¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑—Ë«‰ª ®”π«π √âÕ¬≈–Õ“¬ÿ
µË”°«à“ 17 ªï 25 14.917 ªï 61 36.318 ªï 53 31.519 ªï 17 10.120 ªï ¢÷Èπ‰ª 12 7.2
√–¥—∫‡™“«πåªí≠≠“ªí≠≠“ÕàÕπ (Mentally retarded) 1 0.6§“∫‡ âπ (Borderline) 3 1.8µË”°«à“‡°≥±å‡©≈’ˬ (Low average) 11 6.5‡°≥±å‡©≈’ˬ (Average) 105 62.5 Ÿß°«à“‡°≥±å‡©≈’ˬ (High average) 44 26.2©≈“¥ (Superior) 4 2.4
√–¥—∫°“√»÷°…“µË”°«à“ ª√–∂¡»÷°…“ 29 17.3ª√–∂¡»÷°…“ 101 60.1¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“µÕπµâπ 35 20.8¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“µÕπª≈“¬ 3 1.8
∫ÿ§§≈∑’ËÕ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿà¥â«¬∫‘¥“¡“√¥“ 47 28∫‘¥“ À√◊Õ ¡“√¥“ 61 36.3æ’ËπâÕß À√◊Õ ≠“µ‘ 15 9.0Õ¬Ÿà§π‡¥’¬« 26 15.5Õ◊ËπÊ 19 11.3
≈”¥—∫°“√‡°‘¥≈Ÿ°§π‚µ 44 26.2≈Ÿ°§π°≈“ß 29 17.3≈Ÿ°§π ÿ¥∑âÕß 62 36.9≈Ÿ°§π‡¥’¬« 33 19.6
Factors Influencing Recidivism of Juvenile Delinquents Wimonwan Panyawong at el.
J Psychiatr Assoc ThailandVol. 53 No. 3 July - October 2008 275
‡¬“«™πºŸâ°√–∑”º‘¥´È”„π°“√»÷°…“§√—È ßπ’È à«π„À≠à¡’Õ“¬ÿ 17 ·≈– 18 ªï ¡’√–¥—∫‡™“«πåªí≠≠“µ—Èß·µà‡°≥±å‡©≈’ˬ¢÷Èπ‰ª ·≈–¡’ªí≠≠“ÕàÕππâÕ¬°«à“√âÕ¬≈– 1 √–¥—∫°“√»÷°…“ Ÿß ÿ¥ §◊Õ ™—Èπª√–∂¡»÷°…“‚¥¬ à«π„À≠à‰¡à¡’ª√–«—µ‘‡§¬¬â“¬‚√߇√’¬π ∂Ÿ°æ—°°“√‡√’¬π ·≈–∂Ÿ°‰≈àÕÕ° °àÕπ∂Ÿ°®—∫°ÿ¡ ‡¬“«™π à«π„À≠à¡’√“¬‰¥âµàÕ‡¥◊ÕπµË”°«à“ 6,000 ∫“∑ ´÷Ë߇¬“«™π∑’ˇ§¬·≈–‰¡à‡§¬ª√–°Õ∫Õ“™’æ¡’®”π«π„°≈⇧’¬ß°—π ‚¥¬ à«π∑’ˇ§¬ª√–°Õ∫Õ“™’æ¡—°‡ªìπß“π√—∫®â“ß∑—Ë«‰ª ‡¬“«™π√âÕ¬≈– 95 ¡’ª√–«—µ‘°“√„™â “√‡ 浑¥ ‚¥¬¡—°„™â¡“°°«à“ 2 ™π‘¥¢÷Èπ‰ª “√‡ 浑¥∑’Ë„™â¡“°µ“¡≈”¥—∫§◊Õ ∫ÿÀ√’Ë ¬“∫â“ ÿ√“ ·≈–°—≠™“ ª√–¡“≥§√÷ËßÀπ÷Ë߇√‘Ë¡„™â “√‡ 浑¥§√—Èß·√°µ—Èß·µàÕ“¬ÿ 15 ªï¢÷Èπ‰ª ·≈–
¡’∂÷ß√âÕ¬≈– 13 ‡√‘Ë¡„™â‡¡◊ËÕÕ“¬ÿµË”°«à“ 13 ªï (µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1)
µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑—Ë«‰ª¢Õ߇¬“«™πºŸâ°√–∑”º‘¥´È” (µàÕ)
¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑—Ë«‰ª ®”π«π √âÕ¬≈–‚√§ª√–®”µ—«
‰¡à¡’ 155 92.3¡’ (‚√§°√–‡æ“–, 13 7.7‚√§√–∫∫∑“߇¥‘πÀ“¬„®)
°“√ª√–°Õ∫Õ“™’æ‰¡à‰¥âª√–°Õ∫Õ“™’æ 75 44.6ª√–°Õ∫Õ“™’æ 73 43.4
∑”ß“πª√–®” 31 18.4√—∫®â“ß∑—Ë«‰ª 42 25.0
™à«¬ß“π∑“ß∫â“π‡≈Á°Ê πâÕ¬Ê 20 12.0√“¬‰¥âµàÕ‡¥◊Õπ
µË”°«à“ 6,000 ∫“∑ 114 67.86,001 - 10,000 ∫“∑ 26 15.510,001 ∫“∑ ¢÷Èπ‰ª 28 16.7
°“√„™â “√‡ 浑¥‰¡à‡§¬„™â 8 4.8„™â “√‡ 浑¥ 160 95.2
®”π«π™π‘¥¢Õ߬“‡ 浑¥∑’Ë„™â2 ™π‘¥ ≈߉ª 46 27.43 ™π‘¥ 58 34.54 ™π‘¥ 35 20.85 ™π‘¥ ¢÷Èπ‰ª 21 12.5
¬“À√◊Õ “√‡ 浑¥∑’Ë„™â∫ÿÀ√’Ë 132 78.6 ÿ√“ 101 60.1¬“∫â“ 122 72.6°—≠™“ 82 48.8 “√√–‡À¬ 29 17.3Õ◊ËπÊ (¬“‰Õ´å, ¬“Õ’, ºß¢“«, 33 19.6¬“∑“ß®‘µ‡«™)
Õ“¬ÿ∑’ˇ√‘Ë¡„™â “√‡ 浑¥§√—Èß·√°12 ªï ≈߉ª 22 13.113 ªï 16 9.514 ªï 45 26.815 ªï ¢÷Èπ‰ª 77 45.8
∑’Ë¡“¢Õß “√‡ 浑¥∑’ˉ¥â§√—Èß·√°À“¡“„™â‡Õß 32 19.0‡æ◊ËÕπ 119 70.9≠“µ‘ 5 3.0Õ◊ËπÊ 4 2.3
µ“√“ß∑’Ë 2 ª√–«—µ‘°“√°√–∑”º‘¥¢Õ߇¬“«™πºŸâ°√–∑”
º‘¥´È”
ª√–«—µ‘°“√°√–∑”º‘¥ ®”π«π √âÕ¬≈–
®”π«π§√—Èß∑’Ë∂Ÿ°®—∫°ÿ¡2 98 58.43 38 22.64 16 9.55 §√—Èß ¢÷Èπ‰ª 16 9.5
Õ“¬ÿ∑’Ë∂Ÿ°®—∫°ÿ¡§√—Èß·√°12 - 15 ªï 97 57.716 - 18 ªï 70 41.719 ªï ¢÷Èπ‰ª 1 0.6
®”π«π∞“𧫓¡º‘¥1 93 55.42 61 36.33 11 6.54 3 1.8
∞“𧫓¡º‘¥§«“¡º‘¥‡°’ˬ«°—∫∑√—æ¬å 85 32.7§«“¡º‘¥‡°’ˬ«°—∫™’«‘µ·≈–√à“ß°“¬ 34 13.1§«“¡º‘¥‡°’ˬ«°—∫‡æ» 21 8.1§«“¡º‘¥‡°’ˬ«°—∫¬“‡ 浑¥„Àâ‚∑… 99 38.1§«“¡º‘¥‡°’ˬ«°—∫Õ“«ÿ∏·≈–√–‡∫‘¥ 9 3.4Õ◊ËπÊ 12 4.6
«‘¡≈«√√≥ ªí≠≠“«àÕß ·≈–§≥–
«“√ “√ ¡“§¡®‘µ·æ∑¬å·Ààߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ªï∑’Ë 53 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 3 °√°Æ“§¡ - °—𬓬π 2551276
ªí®®—¬∑’Ë¡’Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈µàÕ°“√°√–∑”º‘¥´È”¢Õ߇¬“«™πºŸâ°√–∑”º‘¥
®“°ª√–«—µ‘°“√°√–∑”º‘¥¢Õ߇¬“«™π à«π„À≠à
∂Ÿ°®—∫°ÿ¡§√—Èß·√°µ—Èß·µàÕ“¬ÿ 12 - 15 ªï ·≈–‡§¬∂Ÿ°®—∫°ÿ¡
¡“·≈â« 2 - 3 §√—Èß ª√–¡“≥§√÷ËßÀπ÷Ëß°√–∑”º‘¥´È”„π
∞“𧫓¡º‘¥‡¥‘¡Ê à«π„À≠à §◊Õ §«“¡º‘¥‡°’ˬ«°—∫
¬“‡ 浑¥„Àâ‚∑… ·≈–§«“¡º‘¥‡°’ˬ«°—∫∑√—æ¬å ´÷Ëß
§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°∑’Ë¡’µàÕ‚∑…∑’ˉ¥â√—∫ ·¡â«à“¡’‡¬“«™πª√–¡“≥
§√÷ËßÀπ÷ËßµÕ∫«à“¬Õ¡√—∫‰¥â°—∫‚∑…∑’ˉ¥â√—∫·≈–°“√∑’˵âÕß
‡¢â“¡“Õ¬Ÿà„π»Ÿπ¬åΩñ°œ ·µà¡’‡æ’¬ßÀπ÷Ëß„π ’Ë¢Õ߇¬“«™π
∑—ÈßÀ¡¥∑’˵Õ∫«à“√Ÿâ ÷°‡ ’¬„®µàÕ°“√°√–∑” ∑—Èßπ’È ‡¬“«™π
à«π„À≠àµÕ∫«à“ ‡æ◊ËÕπ‡ªìπ∑’Ë¡“¢Õß°“√‡√‘Ë¡‡ æ
“√‡ 浑¥§√—Èß·√°·≈– “‡Àµÿ¢Õß°“√°√–∑”º‘¥ ∑—Èß∑’Ë
‡æ◊ËÕπ™«π·≈–∑”µ“¡Õ¬à“߇æ◊ËÕπ ‚¥¬‡¬“«™π¡—°„™â
‡«≈“Õ¬Ÿà°—∫‡æ◊ËÕπ∑ÿ°«—π ·≈–‡æ◊ËÕπ à«π„À≠à¡’ª√–«—µ‘°“√
∂Ÿ°®—∫°ÿ¡ ·≈–ª√–«—µ‘°“√µ‘¥ “√‡ 浑¥ πÕ°®“°π—Èπ
‡ªì𠓇Àµÿ®“°¢“¥°“√¬—∫¬—Èß™—Ëß„®µπ‡Õß (µ“√“ß∑’Ë 2)
µ“√“ß∑’Ë 2 ª√–«—µ‘°“√°√–∑”º‘¥¢Õ߇¬“«™π (µàÕ)
ª√–«—µ‘°“√°√–∑”º‘¥ ®”π«π √âÕ¬≈–
“‡Àµÿ¢Õß°“√°√–∑”º‘¥‰¡à¡’§«“¡ ÿ¢„π§√Õ∫§√—« 3 1.5‡æ◊ËÕπ™«π/ ∑”µ“¡‡æ◊ËÕπ 82 41Õ¬“°‰¥â‡ß‘π 31 15.5§«“¡√Ÿâ‡∑à“‰¡à∂÷ß°“√≥å 13 6.5‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕߪ°µ‘∏√√¡¥“ 6 3.0
Õ◊ËπÊ (Õ¬“°≈Õß, Õ¬“°‰¥â¢Õß, 65 38.7‚¡‚À‡À¬◊ËÕ, ¡’‡√◊ËÕß°—π, πÿ°)
§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°®“°°“√∂Ÿ°≈ß‚∑…
¬Õ¡√—∫‰¥â 118 56.2‚∑…∑’ˉ¥â√—∫¡“°‡°‘π‰ª 9 4.3‡ ’¬„®µàÕ°“√°√–∑” 56 26.7
‚°√∏§π∑’Ë™«π∑”º‘¥ 8 3.8‡ªìπÀà«ß§π¢â“ßÀ≈—ß 16 7.6Õ◊ËπÊ 3 1.4
µ“√“ß∑’Ë 3 ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈§√Õ∫§√—«¢Õ߇¬“«™πºŸâ°√–∑”º‘¥´È”
¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈§√Õ∫§√—« ®”π«π √âÕ¬≈–
∂“π¿“æ ¡√ ¢Õß∫‘¥“¡“√¥“Õ¬Ÿà¥â«¬°—π 59 35.1·¬°°—πÕ¬Ÿà 47 28.0À¬à“√â“ß 26 15.5∫‘¥“ ·≈–/À√◊Õ ¡“√¥“‡ ’¬™’«‘µ 36 21.4
√–¥—∫°“√»÷°…“¢Õß∫‘¥“‰¡à‰¥â‡√’¬πÀπ—ß ◊Õ 1 0.6ª√–∂¡»÷°…“ 58 34.5¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“µÕπµâπ 21 12.5¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“µÕπª≈“¬ 5 3.0Õÿ¥¡»÷°…“ 1 0.6‰¡à∑√“∫ 82 48.8
√–¥—∫°“√»÷°…“¢Õß¡“√¥“‰¡à‰¥â‡√’¬πÀπ—ß ◊Õ 2 1.2ª√–∂¡»÷°…“ 76 45.2¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“µÕπµâπ 11 6.5¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“µÕπª≈“¬ 11 6.5‰¡à∑√“∫ 68 40.5
√“¬‰¥â¢Õß∫‘¥“µË”°«à“ 6,000 ∫“∑ 23 13.76,001 - 10,000 ∫“∑ 35 20.810,001 ∫“∑ ¢÷Èπ‰ª 31 18.5‰¡à∑√“∫ 79 47.0
√“¬‰¥â¢Õß¡“√¥“µË”°«à“ 6,000 ∫“∑ 41 24.46,001 - 10,000 ∫“∑ 32 19.110,001 ∫“∑ ¢÷Èπ‰ª 16 9.5‰¡à∑√“∫ 79 47.0
®”π«πæ’ËπâÕß≈Ÿ°§π‡¥’¬« 33 19.62 §π 48 28.63 §π 54 32.14 §π 17 10.15 §π 7 4.26 §π ¢÷Èπ‰ª 9 5.4
§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫∫‘¥“ π‘∑ π¡√—°„§√à°—π¥’ 88 52.4Àà“߇À‘π‰¡à§àÕ¬‰¥âÕ¬Ÿà¥â«¬°—π 43 25.6∑–‡≈“–°—π‡ªìπ§√—Èߧ√“« 17 10.1∑–‡≈“–°—π‡ªìπª√–®” 4 2.4Õ◊ËπÊ 16 9.5
Factors Influencing Recidivism of Juvenile Delinquents Wimonwan Panyawong at el.
J Psychiatr Assoc ThailandVol. 53 No. 3 July - October 2008 277
„π¥â“π§√Õ∫§√—« ‡¬“«™π à«π„À≠à¡“®“°
§√Õ∫§√—«∑’ˉ¡à ¡∫Ÿ√≥å ‰¡à«à“®–‡ªìπ ·¬°°—πÕ¬Ÿà À¬à“√â“ß
·≈–∫‘¥“·≈–/À√◊Õ¡“√¥“‡ ’¬™’«‘µ ª√–¡“≥§√÷ËßÀπ÷Ëß
Õ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿà°—∫∫‘¥“¡“√¥“À√◊Õ§π„¥§πÀπ÷Ëß ¡—°‡ªìπ∑’Ëæ—°
Õ“»—¬∑—Ë«‰ª ∫‘¥“·≈–¡“√¥“¢Õ߇¬“«™π à«π„À≠à®∫
°“√»÷°…“ Ÿß ÿ¥„π√–¥—∫ª√–∂¡»÷°…“ ¡’√“¬‰¥âµàÕ
‡¥◊Õπª“π°≈“ß∂÷ߵ˔ ∑—Èßπ’È ‡¬“«™π à«π„À≠à¡’§«“¡
—¡æ—π∏å∑’Ë¥’°—∫ ¡“™‘°„π§√Õ∫§√—«∑ÿ°§π‚¥¬‡©æ“–°—∫
¡“√¥“ ¡’ ¡“™‘°„π§√Õ∫§√—«∑—È߉¡à¡’·≈–¡’ª√–«—µ‘°“√
∂Ÿ°®—∫°ÿ¡¡’®”π«π„°≈⇧’¬ß°—π ·≈– à«π„À≠à¡’ ¡“™‘°
„π§√Õ∫§√—«∑’Ë¡’ª√–«—µ‘‡ æ “√‡ 浑¥ (µ“√“ß∑’Ë 3)
≈—°…≥–§”µÕ∫√Õ√噓§¢Õ߇¬“«™πºŸâ°√–∑”
º‘¥´È” ‚¥¬‡©≈’ˬ‡¬“«™π„À⧔µÕ∫§π≈– 20 §”µÕ∫
´÷ËßÕ¬Ÿà„π‡°≥±å‡©≈’ˬ‰ª∑“ߵ˔¢Õß∫ÿ§§≈∑—Ë«‰ª®“°°“√
»÷°…“¢Õß Kolpfer “¡“√∂„À⧔µÕ∫∑’˧π∑—Ë«‰ª¡—°µÕ∫
(popular response) ‰¥â 4 §”µÕ∫ ‡¬“«™π„™â‡«≈“„π
°“√µÕ∫∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ 10 ¿“æ À√◊Õ total time ‡©≈’ˬµàÕ§π
µàÕ§”µÕ∫ 18 «‘π“∑’ „Àâµ”·Àπà߇π◊ÈÕ∑’Ë¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ §◊Õ
§”µÕ∫ W (whole) ·≈– D (large usual detail)
(√âÕ¬≈– 45.31 ·≈– 43.35) §–·ππ°“√„Àâ‡Àµÿº≈¢Õß
§”µÕ∫ ‡¬“«™π„Àâ‡Àµÿº≈«à“‡À¡◊Õπ‡©æ“–√Ÿª√à“ß À√◊Õ
F (√âÕ¬≈– 74) √Õß≈ß¡“§◊Õ ‡Àµÿº≈¢Õߧ”µÕ∫„π°≈ÿà¡
¢Õß°“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ‰À« À√◊Õ movement responses (√âÕ¬≈–
18) °≈ÿà¡∑’Ë„Àâ‡Àµÿº≈‚¥¬„™â ’ À√◊Õ color responses
(√âÕ¬≈– 8) ·≈–°≈ÿࡇÀµÿº≈‚¥¬„™â§«“¡‡¢â¡®“ߢÕß
À¬¥À¡÷° À√◊Õ shading responses (√âÕ¬≈– 1) µ“¡≈”¥—∫
‚¥¬¿“æ√«¡·≈â« ‡¬“«™π„À⧔µÕ∫‰¡àÀ≈“°À≈“¬π—°
‚¥¬ à«π„À≠à„À⧔µÕ∫‡ªìπ —µ«å (A ·≈– Ad) ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥
(√âÕ¬≈– 62) √Õß≈ß¡“§◊Õ §”µÕ∫§π (H ·≈– Hd) ·≈–
§”µÕ∫∑’ˇªìπ«—µ∂ÿ∑’˧π √â“ߢ÷Èπ (Obj) (√âÕ¬≈– 10 ·≈–
√âÕ¬≈– 6 µ“¡≈”¥—∫) à«π§”µÕ∫Õ◊ËπÊ §àÕπ¢â“ß°√–®“¬
·≈–¡’®”π«π‰¡à∂÷ß√âÕ¬≈– 5
º≈®“°°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå≈—°…≥–§”µÕ∫√Õ√噓§
æ∫≈—°…≥–¢Õß°“√¢“¥«ÿ≤‘¿“«– (immaturity) °“√√—∫√Ÿâ
·≈–·ª≈§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õß ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡Õ¬Ÿà„π≈—°…≥–∑’Ë
®”°—¥ ¢“¥§«“¡ √â“ß √√§å ·≈–‰¡à‰¥â„™â§«“¡æ¬“¬“¡
‡µÁ¡∑’˵“¡§«“¡ “¡“√∂∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà ¡—°µ’§«“¡·≈–®—¥°“√
°—∫ ∂“π°“√≥åµà“ßÊ ‚¥¬°“√¡Õß¿“æ√«¡ °«â“ßÊ
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Factors Influencing Recidivism of Juvenile Delinquents Wimonwan Panyawong at el.
J Psychiatr Assoc ThailandVol. 53 No. 3 July - October 2008 279
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Factors Influencing Recidivism of Juvenile Delinquents Wimonwan Panyawong at el.
J Psychiatr Assoc ThailandVol. 53 No. 3 July - October 2008 281
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