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Rce `mtelr b{kepm' i{bhlr `kelrlptlr zmrmilr d{kem
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I{bhmr `k e{krptmr ik`cbclekrrle iír dcke blebtkpmr?
ncglftmilr ke {em dmgmem'b{bhmtm`mr `k bmaã' qlg{ike `k
fmr ke {e pme}{k‡
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Rce kidmtfl' ¼Bòil rk ic`k gm mbpcp{`
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KRBMGMR @K
IK@CBCÒE
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[em ik`cbcòe rk blizlek`k $tkfgmr zmtm mrcfemt
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rk ic`ke glr mptcd{plr `k ldokplr'el glr ldokplr icrilr%
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el rk ic`k m {em zktrlem'
zktl z{k`k lzpmtrk zlt ik`ctr{ ceftkrl' bgmrk rlbcmg' ecqkg`k krp{`clr' krpmp{tm' zkrl'
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Zlt kokizgl'
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Kxcrpke b{mptl pczlr `k krbmgmrzmtm ik`ct glr mptcd{plr' m rmdkt?
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2% `k Cepktqmgl0% s ̀ k Tmòe%
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Lt`cemg
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Tmòe
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Glr ptkr ztcebczmgkr btcpktclr
zmtm kqmg{mt gmr ik`c`mr
rle gm acmdcgc`m` ' gm qmgc`kz s
gm rkercdcgc`m` %
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ACMDCGC@M@Ftm`l ke kg }{k {em ik`c`m bmtkbk `k kttlt mgkmpltcl s zlt
kggl ztlzltbclem tkr{gpm`lr bleft{kepkr%
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¼]{ã hms
}{k ik`ct
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Ke ceqkrpcfmbcòe `k iktbm`lr' gm
ik`cbcòe ztkbcrm tk}{cktk {em
b{c`m`lrm @KACECBCÒE
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Gm a{ebcòe `k gm ceqkrpcfmbcòe
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blebkzplr `k {e il`kgl%Zmtm }{k glr bckepéacblr glftke r{
ldokpcql' kr ekbkrmtcl }{k mgf{elr
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[e blebkzpl (l blerpt{bbcòepkòtcbm# kr {em c`km
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Kxzgcbmbcòe qktdmg `kg
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kg blebkzpl kr s gl }{kel kr%
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MBPCP[@KR?`kacecbcòe s blizlekepkr
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@crzlrcbcòe zkt`{tmdgk m
tkrzle`kt bleft{kepkikepk `k
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® M Rmggs gk kebmepm bliztmt ke gm
pcke`m `k Rmi% Btkk }{k krpí gcizcm
s rcp{m`m ke {e z{epl bleqkeckepk s
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Kg blizlekepk MAKBPCQL tkagkom glr rkepcickeplr fkektmgkr l
kilbclekr `k {e ce`cqc`{l ble tkrzkbpl m {e ldokpl%
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il`l ke }{k {el rckepk ble tkrzkbpl m {e ztl`{bpl' {e
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ldokpl% [em zktrlem zl`tém rkepctrk blepkepm zlt gm bliztm `k
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Krbmgmr `k qmgltmbcòe`k mbpcp{`kr
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Krbmgmr dírcbmr `k mbpcp{`
Ke r{ altim iír dírcbm' gm
kgmdltmbcòe `k krbmgmr `k mbpcp{`
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Zlt kokizgl' ke {e rle`kl zlgépcbl z{k`k ztkf{epmtrk m glr ce`cqc`{lr
rc krpíe `k mb{kt`l ble gm mactimbcòe ®Kg ztkrc`kepk `kdktém qlgqkt m
ztkrkepmtrk m gmr kgkbbclekr¾% L z{k`k }{k {e ce`cqc`{l hmsm `k
ce`cbmt rc gk f{rpm l el gm rmgrm `k plimpk%
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Gmr krbmgmr dírcbmr `k mbpcp{` z{k`ke
{pcgcmtrk b{me`l glr b{krpclemtclrrle kxptkim`mikepk gmtflr' b{me`l
glr r{okplr pckeke {e ecqkg b{gp{tmg
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imtbme`l {e z{epl `k gm gcrpm% Ke i{bhlr bmrlr'
glr z{eplr rle m`okpcqlr }{k `krbtcdke m {e
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Kg ztlzòrcpl `k {em krbmgm `k
mbpcp{` kr mqktcf{mt gm rcp{mbcòe`k {e ce`cqc`{l `keptl `k pmg
blepce{l%
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Krbmgmr `k bmpkfltém
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Krbmgm `k kqmg{mbcòe }{k
blercrpk ke `cqktrmr bmpkfltémr
`k tkrz{krpm' }{k m ike{`l
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K R B M G M @
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Gm kxzmercòe `k gmr bmpkfltémr `k
tkrz{krpm ztlzltbclem imsltagkxcdcgc`m` zmtm }{k kg keb{krpm`l
ztlbk`m m gm gmdlt `k kqmg{mbcòe% Rc
gmr bmpkfltémr rk lt`keme ble
tkrzkbpl m {em `cikercòe blebtkpm
`krbtczpcqm l qmgltmpcqm' gmcealtimbcòe ztlzltbclem`m kr
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Krpm krbmgm `k bmpkfltém kr
{em ik`c`m iír rkercdgk
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Iãpl`l `k gm r{im `k
z{ep{mbclekr?GM KRBMGM GCNKTP
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Ik`c`m `k mbpcp{` ke gm }{k glr
keb{krpm`lr KQMGßME gm cepkerc`m` blegm }{k krpíe `k mb{kt`l l ke `krmb{kt`l
ble mactimbclekr b{c`m`lrmikepk
alti{gm`mr> zmtm altimt {e ée`cbkmftkfm`l' z{k`ke {pcgcmtrk `cqktrlr
cpkir `k krbmgm (mactimbclekr#' }{k
kxztkrme mbpcp{`kr ble tkrzkbpl m {eldokpl' }{k qme `kr`k i{s zlrcpcql hmrpm
i{s ekfmpcql GM KRBMGM GCNKTP
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Glr ce`cqc`{lr eltimgikepk kgcfke`k keptk mztlxcim`mikepk bcebl
tkrz{krpmr mgpktempcqmr ) i{s `k
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m{e}{k kg eÿiktl `k mgpktempcqmr
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M gm hltm `k bliztmt mgcikeplr zmtm ic amicgcm' kg
ztkbcl el cizltpm%I{s ke `krmb{kt`l Ke `krmb{kt`l Ce`kbcrl @k mb{kt`l I{s `k mb{kt`l
(=# (4# (2# (0# (;#
KOKIZGL
Zmtm ik`ct gm mbpcp{`' glr ceqkrpcfm`ltkr
mrcfeme z{ep{mbclekr l qmgltkr m gmr
tkrz{krpmr mgpktempcqmr%
Ke krpk kokizgl' rk hme mrcfem`l glr
qmgltkr ;' 0' 2' 4 s =%
(Glr qmgltkr ilrptm`lr keptk zmtãepkrcr el ctémeciztkrlr ke kg b{krpclemtcl#
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®I{s `k mb{kt`l¾ ce`cbm gm mbpcp{` iír
amqltmdgk tkrzkbpl `k gm mactimbcòe'
mrcfeíe`lrk kg qmglt ; m krpm tkrz{krpm%Gm mactimbcòe ztlzltbclem`m ke krpk kokizgl
kr zlrcpcqm ble tkrzkbpl m gm mbpcp{`%
Rc rk `cktm {em mactimbcòe ekfmpcqm tkrzkbpl mgldokpl (blil ®Ztkr{z{krpl b{c`m`lrmikepk
icr fmrplr ke mgcikepmbcòe¾#' rk ceqktpctéme glr
qmgltkr s rk mrcfemtém kg qmglt ; m ®I{s ke`krmb{kt`l¾%[em krbmgm `k {e rlgl épki l mactimbcòe ke kg iãpl`l `k gm
r{im `k z{ep{mbclekr rk bleqcktpk ke {em krbmgm lt`cemg%
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I{s ke `krmb{kt`l Ke `krmb{kt`l Ce`kbcrl @k mb{kt`l I{s `k mb{kt`l(=# (4# (2# (0# (;#
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Ke kg ztlbk`cickepl ltcfcemg `k GCNKTP' rk
fkektm {e ftme eÿiktl `k mactimbclekr s rktkmgcm {e meígcrcr `k gmr icrimr%
Kg meígcrcr `k gmr mactimbclekr mrkf{tm }{k gmr
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m}{ãgglr ble mbpcp{`kr zlrcpcqmr s ekfmpcqmr%
@k gm gcrpm acemg `k mactimbclekr rk kgcicemem}{ãggmr }{k bmtkbke `k bgmtc`m` l ztlqlbme
zm{pmr `k tkrz{krpm ikbgm`mr%
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{em @KRQKEPMOM `kg iãpl`l pczl Gcnktp `k
r{im `k qmgltmbclekr kr }{k tkr{gpm `caébcgrmdkt gl }{k {em z{ep{mbcòe mftkfm`m`kpkticem`m rcfecacbm%
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z{ep{mbcòe plpmg% Mré' z{ep{mbclekr plpmgkr
c`ãepcbmr z{k`ke tkagkomt `crpcepmr mbpcp{`krzlt}{k glr keb{krpm`lr ilrptmtle r{ mzlsl m
`crpcepmr blidcembclekr ̀ k mactimbclekr%
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@CAKTKEBCMG RKIÍEPCBL
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Ik`c`m `k mbpcp{` }{k
blercrpk ke {em rktck `kkrbmgmr `k kqmg{mbcòe `k rckpk
z{eplr }{k {pcgcme m`okpcqlrmepòecilr zmtm acomt kg
ztcebczcl s kg acemg `k bm`mkrbmgm%
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R{zlek gm ztkrkepmbcòe `k {e ztl`{bpl'
imtbm' pcke`m { lptl blebkzpl rkf{c`l `k
{em rktck `k krbmgmr `k kqmg{mbcòedczlgmt `k rckpk z{eplr% M`okpcqlr
mepòecilr' blil ®dcke¾ s ®img¾'
®il`ktel¾ s ®mepcb{m`l¾' ®gcizcl¾ s
®r{bcl¾' acome kg ztcebczcl s kg acemg (l
zlglr# `k bm`m krbmgm%Kg r{okpl tkmgcm o{cbclr tkzkpc`lr rldtk kg
blebkzpl rlikpc`l m ceqkrpcfmbcòe ke bm`m
krbmgm%
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[e kokizgl `k bòil a{ebclem gm hkttmickepm `kg `caktkebcmg rkiíepcbl krkg rcf{ckepk' `le`k kg ldokpl m o{fmt kr {em pltikepm?
Z acg ` c ` g ýé ã ` g hí p a p g c c g
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Zktacg ̀ k cimfke ̀ k gmr blizmýémr mãtkmr ̀ k q{kglr bhítpkt atkepk m gmr ztcebczmgkrgéekmr mãtkmr%
Ke a{ebcòe `k rc rk mr{ik }{k glr `mplr rle `k cepktqmgl { lt`cemgkr' rk{pcgcm gm ik`cm mtcpiãpcbm l gm ik`cmem zmtm blizmtmt kg zktacg `k {eztl`{bpl' imtbm' l pcke`m ble kg `k {e ztl`{bpl' imtbm l pcke`m `k gmblizkpkebcm%
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KrbmgmrE{iãtcbmr
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Krbmgm `k kqmg{mbcòe `k mbpcp{`
rcicgmt mg `caktkebcmg rkiíepcblkxbkzpl ke }{k' blil
lzbclekr `k tkrz{krpm zmtmc`kepcacbmt gmr zlrcbclekr `k
tkrz{krpm' {pcgcm eÿiktlr ke
g{fmt `k `krbtczbclekr
qktdmgkr% Krbmgmr E{iãtcbmr
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Zlt kokizgl' rc glr z{eplr `k gm
krbmgm pckeke bcebl zlrcbclekr `k
tkrz{krpm' gm krbmgm rk `kelicem
®krbmgm e{iãtcbm `k bcebl z{eplr¾>{em krbmgm ble rckpk zlrcbclekr `k
tkrz{krpm rk `kelicem ®krbmgm
e{iãtcbm `k rckpk z{eplr¾' kpbãpktm%Blerc`ktkilr gm rcf{ckepk krbmgm e{iãtcbm?
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Mhltm }{k hmbk sm mztlxcim`mikepk {e mýl }{k zlrkkr{ m{pliòqcg' `éfmelr zlt amqlt' r{ ecqkg `k rmpcrambbcòeble r{ Alt` Pm{t{r%
Kxptkim`mikepk rmpcrakbhl 6 1 ; 0 2 4 = Kxptkim`mikepk cermpcrakbhl
Krpm krbmgm e{iãtcbm {pcgcm mepòecilr `kg icril
il`l }{k kg `caktkebcmg rkiíepcbl% Ke gm ztíbpcbm'
glr ceqkrpcfm`ltkr hme kebleptm`l }{k zmtm gmr
zldgmbclekr ble bcktpl ecqkg `k krp{`clr' {em
krbmgm ble kpc}{kpmr e{iãtcbmr zmtm glr z{eplr
cepktik`clr `k gm krbmgm kr {em ik`c`m pme
kakbpcqm blil {e qkt`m`ktl `caktkebcmg
rkiíepcbl%
K
r b m g m r E { i ã t c b m r
kokizgl
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Krbmgm Rpmzkg
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Ik`c`m `k mbpcp{` }{k
blercrpk ke {e ÿecblm`okpcql ke kg bkeptl `k {e
eÿiktl zmt `k qmgltkr
e{iãtcblr%
Krbmgm Rpmzkg
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Krbmgm Rpmzkg
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Rk {pcgcme gmr il`ktemr qktrclekr
`k gm krbmgm' ble {e ÿecbl m`okpcql'
zmtm r{rpcp{ct kg `caktkebcmgrkiíepcbl b{me`l kr `caébcg btkmtzmtkr `k m`okpcqlr mepòecilr%
Krbmgm Rpmzkg
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Ic`k gm bktbmeém l `crpmebcm m gm }{k
rk zktbcdk }{k {e m`okpcql rk
keb{keptm `k {e krpéi{gl `m`l%
Kgcom {e eÿiktl zlrcpcql zmtm gmr zmgmdtmr
}{k blerc`ktm `krbtcdke kgkrpmdgkbcickepl `k altim ztkbcrm% @kdkkgkfct {e eÿiktl zlrcpcql imslt ke
a{ebcòe `k gm ztkbcrcòe ble gm }{k' rkfÿe
r{ lzcecòe' gm zmgmdtm `krbtcdk m gm pcke`m%
Rkgkbbclek {e eÿiktl ekfmpcql zmtm gmr
zmgmdtmr }{k blerc`ktk }{k el `krbtcdke
kg krpmdgkbcickepl `k altim ztkbcrm%
B{mepl ikelr ztkbcrm rkm gm `krbtczbcòe
`k gm pcke`m }{k tkmgcm gm zmgmdtm rkfÿer{ lzcecòe' kg eÿiktl ekfmpcql `kdk rkt
imslt% Blerkb{kepkikepk' z{k`k
rkgkbbclemt b{mg}{ckt e{iktl `kr`k .2
zmtm zmgmdtmr }{k blerc`ktk }{k rle i{s
ztkbcrmr' hmrpm )2 zmtm zmgmdtmr }{k
blerc`ktk rle i{s zlbl ztkbcrmr%
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Blil gm krbmgm Rpmzkg el ztkbcrm
m`okpcqlr mepòecilr' kr iír aíbcg
`k kgmdltmt }{k kg `caktkebcmg
rkiíepcbl%Gm ceqkrpcfmbcòe blizmtmpcqm `kg
`caktkebcmg rkiíepcbl s gm krbmgm Rpmzkg
ce`cbm }{k glr tkr{gpm`lr `k gmr `lr
pãbecbmr rle ke ftme ik`c`m cf{mgkr%
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Krbmgm `kr{im blerpmepk
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Ik`c`m `k mbpcp{` ke gm }{k
rk zc`k }{k glr keb{krpm`lr`cqc`me {em r{im blerpmepk
zmtm ce`cbmt gm cizltpmebcmtkgmpcqm `k `crpceplr
mptcd{plr%Krbmgm `k
r{im blerpmepk
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@cqc`m =:: z{eplr keptk gmr rcf{ckepkr bmtmbpktérpcbmr`k {e rktqcbcl `k keqélr' `k mb{kt`l ble gmcizltpmebcm }{k zmtm {rpk` pckek bm`m bmtmbpktérpcbm m
gm hltm `k rkgkbbclemt {em blizmýém `k ikermoktém?Ambp{tmbcòe ztkbcrm \\\\\\\\\
Keptkfm ke kg zgml ztlikpc`l \\\\\\\\\
Ztkbclr iír dmolr \\\\\\\\\
Krbmgm `kr{im blerpmepk
kokizgl
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Krpm krbmgm `k r{im blerpmepk
a{ebclem ikolt ble keb{krpm`lr }{kpckeke {e kgkqm`l ecqkg k`{bmpcql% Rc
glr keb{krpm`lr rcf{ke gmr
cerpt{bbclekr `k altim blttkbpm' glr
tkr{gpm`lr rk mztlxcimtíe m
ik`cbclekr `k cepktqmgl% M ik`c`m }{k kgeÿiktl `k krpéi{glr rk cebtkikepm' gm pãbecbm
rk hmbk bm`m qk iír blizgkom%
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Krbmgm `kr{im blerpmepk
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Krbmgm ftíacbm `kqmgltmbcòe l krbmgm `k
bgmrcacbmbcòe blepce{m
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Ik`c`m `k mbpcp{` }{k zkticpk}{k glr keb{krpm`lr kqmgÿke {e
ldokpl kgcfcke`l b{mg}{cktz{epl m gl gmtfl `k {e blepce{l
ftíacbl%
Krbmgm ftíacbm `k qmgltmbcòel krbmgm `k bgmrcacbmbcòe blepce{m
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Krbmgm ftíacbm `k qmgltmbcòel krbmgm `k bgmrcacbmbcòe blepce{m
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Gm krbmgm `k kqmg{mbcòe ftíacbm
pckek gm qkepmom `k zkticpct }{k'`k bmtm m gm z{ep{mbcòe' kg
ceqkrpcfm`lt kgcom b{mg}{cktcepktqmgl `krkm`l% Gm `krqkepmom
`k gm krbmgm `k kqmg{mbcòe ftíacbm
kr }{k el ztlzltbclem tkrz{krpmr
krpíe`mt%
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Gm KRBMGM CG[RPTM@M kr {em altim krzkbcmg `k gmkrbmgm `k kqmg{mbcòe ftíacbm% [pcgcm lzbclekr `k
tkrz{krpm zcbpòtcbmr { lptl pczl `k bli{ecbmbcòe qcr{mg
zmtm tkztkrkepmt {e blepce{l ftíacbl% R{ ztlzòrcpl kr
ikoltmt gm bli{ecbmbcòe ble keb{krpm`lr }{k bmtkbke`k mgplr ecqkgkr `k mgamdkpcmbcòe' blil zlt kokizgl
glr ecýlr%
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Qkepmomr k cebleqkeckepkr
`k gmr krbmgmr `k qmgltmbcòe
KE TKR[IKE
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IK@CBCÒE`k gm cepkebcòeble`{bp{mg%
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Kg blizlekepk ble`{bp{mg `k
{em mbpcp{` cizgcbm gmrkxzkbpmpcqmr `k blizltpmickepl
`k {e ce`cqc`{l ble tkrzkbpl m {e
ldokpl ble`{bp{mg% Eltimgikepk'
krpk ÿgpcil tkztkrkepm {em cepkebcòe `k
bliztm' {em pke`kebcm m d{rbmtcealtimbcòe m`cbclemg l zgmekr zmtm
qcrcpmt {em kxzlrcbcòe%
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Gmr krbmgmr `k bmpkfltém zmtm
ik`ct kg blizlekepk ble`{bp{mg`k {em mbpcp{` zc`ke }{k kg
keb{krpm`l kxztkrk gmztldmdcgc`m` `k bliztm l gm
cepkebcòe `k tkmgcmbcòe `k {em
mbbcòe a{p{tm' {pcgcme`l {e
b{krpclemtcl `kg pczl rcf{ckepk?