Specialty Chemical Manufacturing Expertise

Since 1928

GFS ChemicalsChromatographyProducts

2006-2007 PRODUCT CATALOG

The GFS tradition of personalservice and attention to detailhas attracted the attention ofexperts in chromatographywho have long seen a need forthis type of commitment toproblem solving in separationsciences. Our alignment withthe entrepreneurial resourcesof Diazem Corp. (Midland, MI)has already provided industrywith practical solutions toenvironmental and processproblems. We invite you totalk to us about using thisportfolio of novel technolo-gies to address your materialsrecovery or separationsissues (note example at right).

• Custom Modified Silicas forTough SeparationsProblems (page 124)Diazem/Dow tailored technologies

• HPLC Solvents (page 126)• Macherey-Nagel

NUCLEOSIL®, NUCLEODUR®,unmodified spherical andirregular silica gels (page127-130) Plus access to thefull Macherey-Nagel Line ofTLC and ColumnChromatography Products

• Specialty Silicas,Unmodified, 40, 60, 90, and150 Angstrom, GFSelectTM

grade (page 130), Bio-refinedTM qualified byRNase, DNase and Proteasetesting.

• Aluminas (Brockmann I:Acidic, Basic, and Neutral);W. R. Grace silicas (page131-132)

• Silica Gel Desiccants;Molecular Sieves (page 133)

• Florisil®, Ion ExchangeResins (p. 134-135)

• Drierite®, ActivatedCarbons, DiatomaceousEarths (page 136)

• Specialty Reagents for Chromatography (page 137)

• Bio-RefinedTM Products(page 138)

• Royer® Anion ExchangeResins and Precious MetalCatalysts (page 139)

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Products For Chromatography

And MaterialSeparation/Purification

0 9 18 27 36 45

mL of 0.1M Pt

Diazem MCACRemoval of Ptfrom a fluid stream

Flow through a Stainlesssteel Column of an aqueous solution of Pt(0.01M) gave capture of0.029g of Pt on 0.3g ofmedia which is 9.9% Ptrelative to the mass of the media.

Measurement of the effluent showed less than200ppb Pt at the baselinefor the effluent.

Silicas for AdvancedSeparations from DiazemTechnologiesAll the chromatographic sili-cas on the following pages arecapable of being modified bytechnology recently patentedby Diazem Corp. The resultingproducts frequently allowchromatographic separationsthat are unattainable by stan-dard silica media. This novelsilica/silane surface chemistryexhibits a utility and, moreimportantly, a predictability insolving real-life problemsfaced in separation science.

The TechnologyDiazem’s Dual ZoneTM Materialtechnology uses pore-diffu-sion control silylation withtwo (or more) silane bondingagents to give selective bond-ing of one chemical composi-tion on the outer zone of aporous material and a differ-ent chemical composition onthe inner zone. Each zonethen has a different chemicalreactivity, and the processalso allows for better silanolcontrol. Sorbents tailored viathis technology can separatediverse materials, especiallybiological substrates, morecompletely and efficientlythan standard separationsmedia.

The VisionDiazem and the Dow ChemicalCo. have announced a jointtechnology and licensingagreement that will providethe bio-tech market with spe-cialty chromatographic sorbents and engineeringprocesses. This includes acritical range of state-of-the-art separation capabilitiessuitable for geometric andoptical isomeric molecules,peptides and proteins. Thistechnology will impact themost challenging issues ofanalytical and preparativechromatography, and addressindustry needs from drug dis-covery to commercialization.

Unique Diazem ProductsDespite the customizednature of Diazem products,GFS offers a selection of C-18Diazem modified silicas foryour consideration. Theseinclude substrates with poly-meric/hydrophilic characteruseful in pharma-biotech sep-arations. New Diazem metalchelating media are also avail-able from GFS. Please check inthe alphabetical section under“Diazem.”

The GFS ConnectionThe GFS commitment to offerseveral prominent lines of sili-cas, including Macherey-Nageland W. R. Grace products,gives separations scientists abroad base of qualified prod-ucts, traceable by lot analysisunder ISO-certification, whichmay ultimately be enhancedby Diazem/Dow technology.Your customized project canbe managed from research tocommercialization with com-plete confidence in the consis-tency of quality of the sorbentof your choice. GFS technicaland product support bothhelp provide a new gatewayto problem solving in cutting-edge separation sciences.

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New Diazem CorporationChelation TechnologyDiazem Corporation’s new

Chelation adsorbent contin-ues to show promise in sever-al markets.

The new materials, referred toas “metal chelation and acidcapture” (MCAC) phases, arebased on the immobilizationof hyperbranched macromole-cules on various supportmedia. These phases offerthe advantage of effectivelyremoving metal cation andanion contamination fromchemical processes, waste-water discharge, and drinkingwater. In addition, the materi-als are very effective acidscavengers. Applicationsinclude removal of Fe, Co, Ni,Cu, Zn, Pt, Pd, Pb, and Hg. Ptremoval is carried out at arate up to 20% relative to theweight of the media.

These resins have also shownthe ability to remove radioac-tive radium from a contami-nated source. The DiazemMCAC phase reduced theradium levels from 15 picocuries to less than 1 picocurie. Mercury levels werereduced to below ppb levels.

The MCAC phases are animportant extension ofDiazem’s unique, proprietaryDual ZoneTM MaterialsTechnology. In Dual ZoneTM

Materials, silanes are chemi-cally bonded to porous silicasupport media by preciselycontrolling coverage density,silanol capture and phasepolarity. Dual Zone Materialscan be chemically tailored toachieve a range of separationgradients for a variety of com-plex separations.

Anions can be removed withsimilar efficiency by usingDiazem Anion Capture Phase.The possible uses of thesematerials include:• Recovery of transition-metal

complexes used in homoge-neous catalytic processes

• Treatment of waste streamsto remove low levels oftoxic anions

• Recovery of precious metals• Removal of metals that

could otherwise interferewith analytical procedures

• Purification of product orproduct streams

• Removal or recovery oforganic and inorganic acidcontaminants

• Separation of proteins, peptides, or nucleotides

• Removal of anion contami-nants such as phosphates

Diazem Corporation has takenclassical silane, surface sci-ence and polymer chemistriesand used them in unconven-tional ways to address marketneeds. Feel free to contactGFS regarding possible appli-cations of interest to you.

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GFS has decades of experi-ence with chemical distilla-tions, both organic and inor-ganic. Our growing experiencewith the Farchan Laboratoriesline of acetylenic and olefinicresearch intermediates hasgiven us even more insightsinto the purification ofvolatile, moisture and temper-ature sensitive materials. Thegrades of solvent offered inthis catalog cover a full rangeof applications and sensitivi-ties. These include productsthat are distilled-in-glass orquartz, and HPLC solventswhere the emphasis is onHigh Performance.

Each of our specialty solventsis carefully analyzed and certi-fied to meet our publishedspecifications. The quality ofeach solvent far exceedsreagent specifications set bythe American ChemicalSociety. Quality is controllednot only by UV Spectro-photometry, but also by

capillary gas chromatographywith electron capture andflame ionization detectors.

Ultra Low Cut-off, Distilled inGlass Solvents — consistentlypure solvents for:• HPLC• Gas Chromatography• Pesticide Residue Analysis• Spectrophotometry

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HPLC & SpecialtySolvents

Min Assay % (by GLC) Max Water Max UV Cutoff Max ResidueACETONE 99.7 0.50% 330nm 3ppmACETONITRILE 99.7 0.02% 190nm 3ppmCHLOROFORM 99.7 0.02% 245nm 3ppmCYCLOHEXANE 98.5 0.01% 195nm 3ppmDICHLOROMETHANE 99.8 0.01% 233nm 3ppmETHYL ACETATE 99.6 0.05% 256nm 3ppmETHYL ETHER 99.5 0.08% 218nm 3ppmFORMIC ACID 88.0 N/A N/A 1ppmHEPTANE 99.5 0.01% 200nm 3ppmHEXANE ___ 0.01% 200nm 3ppmMETHANOL 99.8 0.08% 205nm 3ppmPENTANE 98.5 0.01% 195nm 3ppmPETROLEUM ETHER ___ 0.02% ____ 3ppmISOPROPYL ALCOHOL 99.5 0.10% 205nm 3ppmTETRAHYDROFURAN 99.7 0.03% 215nm 3ppmTOLUENE 99.7 0.03% 284nm 3ppm2,2,4-TRIMETHYLPENTANE 99.7 0.02% 210nm 3ppm

MACHEREY-NAGEL...90+Years in Products forChromatography Markets.GFS CHEMICALS 70+ YearsServing Analytical andResearch Markets

It Adds Up...Partners with 160+ years of combined expe-rience, just a phone call away.

GFS is your gateway to a hostof chromatography productsfrom Macherey-Nagel GmbH, aleader in the development ofmedia and other products forseparation sciences for over90 years. GFS stocks a widerange of M-N unmodifiedmedia, including such populartrademarked brands asNUCLEOSIL®, NUCLEODUR®,Polygosil®, and Polygoprep®.When your needs extend tomodified silicas, cellulose, andTLC products derived fromthe list shown below, GFS canalso provide you with thosematerials in a timely manner.

Please refer to the followingtables and the alphabeticalsection for the core GFS prod-ucts from Macherey-Nagel.

Larger quantities of thesematerials are also available.Please let us know how wecan help you.

NUCLEOSIL® Products – the Industry LeaderNUCLEOSIL® is a group oftotally porous spherical sili-cas, featuring very pure, uni-form SiO2 structure distrib-uted within a small (10 micronand finer), narrow particlesize range. Their outstandingperformance in analytical aswell as preparative columnchromatography stems from

their consistent and well-defined character:

• High bed stability due to spherical particle shape

• High efficiency due tonarrow particle size distribution

• High separation perform-ance due to optimized bonding properties

• High chemical and mechanical stability

• High load capacity andrecovery rates

• High reproducibility from lot to lot

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New Math ForSilica Gel and

ChromatographyProducts

As the name implies, the dura-bility of this collection of sili-cas is one of its primary fea-tures. The new particle sizeranges allow for greater sensi-tivity and versatility in itsbroad range of applications.While the NUCLEOSIL® line offiner spherical silicas is espe-cially recommended foradsorption chromatography, the NUCLEODUR® line is alsowell suited to partition chro-matography.

The new NUCLEODUR® C18Gravity silica support and col-umn packing exhibits excel-lent long-term stability andcolumn performance at lowand high pH levels. It is espe-cially well suited for methoddevelopment because of itsrobust character and repro-ducibility in RP-HPLC. Call ore-mail for a detailed technicaldata sheet; please also inquireregarding the availability ofadditional grades of NUCLEO-DUR® having larger pore sizes.

All NUCLEOSIL® narrow-porepackings are stable to 8,500psi; wide bore packings arestable to greater than 4,000psi. This means there are nolimitations to the HPLC appli-cations that can benefit fromthe NUCLEOSIL® productgroup.

NUCLEODUR® describes anew group of spherical silicashaving average particle sizefalling in ranges greater than10 microns. It takes the placeof the NUCLEOPREP® group,having the advantage of agreater selection of narrowparticle sizes for the 100micron pore size:

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SPHERICAL SILICASGFS # M-N Code Description

(angstrom - micron)2829 712000 Nucleosil 50-3 2830 712010 Nucleosil 50-52831 712020 Nucleosil 50-72832 712030 Nucleosil 50-10

2833 712360 Nucleosil 100-32834 712040 Nucleosil 100-52835 712050 Nucleosil 100-72836 712060 Nucleosil 100-10

2837 712390 Nucleosil 120-32838 712400 Nucleosil 120-52839 712410 Nucleosil 120-72840 712420 Nucleosil 120-10

2841 712430 Nucleosil 300-52842 712440 Nucleosil 300-72843 712450 Nucleosil 300-10

2844 712680 Nucleosil 500-52845 712690 Nucleosil 500-72846 712700 Nucleosil 500-10

2847 712710 Nucleosil 1000-52848 712730 Nucleosil 1000-10

2849 712850 Nucleosil 4000-52850 712860 Nucleosil 4000-72851 712870 Nucleosil 4000-10

GFS# NUCLEODUR®

2853 713610 Nucleodur 100-102854 713620 Nucleodur 100-162855 713600 Nucleodur 100-202856 713630 Nucleodur 100-302857 713551 Nucleodur 100-50

IRREGULAR SILICASGFS # M-N Code Description

(angstrom - micron)2862 711010 Polygosil 60-52863 711280 Polygosil 60-72864 711020 Polygosil 60-10

2865 711510 Polygosil 100-52866 711520 Polygosil 100-72867 711530 Polygosil 100-10

2868 711600 Polygosil 300-7

2869 711890 Polygosil 1000-7

2870 711001 Polygoprep 60-122871 711240 Polygoprep 60-202872 711250 Polygoprep 60-302873 711260 Polygoprep 60-502874 711270 Polygoprep 60-802875 711037 Polygoprep 60-130

2876 711002 Polygoprep 100-122877 711003 Polygoprep 100-202878 711540 Polygoprep 100-302879 711550 Polygoprep 100-502880 711033 Polygoprep 100-802881 711034 Polygoprep 100-130

2882 711004 Polygoprep 300-122883 711610 Polygoprep 300-202884 711620 Polygoprep 300-302885 711630 Polygoprep 300-50

2886 711035 Polygoprep 1000-122887 711036 Polygoprep 1000-202888 711005 Polygoprep 1000-302889 711006 Polygoprep 1000-50

STANDARD SILICAS(60 Angstrom) for Low Pressure Column Chromatography and Thin LayerChromatography

TLC Layers

One of the advantages ofworking with Macherey-NagelTLC grades of silica (60Angstrom, below), and cellu-lose (below) is the assurancethat you also have promptaccess to high quality TLC

plates and sheets manufac-tured from exactly the samegrades (per your choice) ofsilica or cellulose. Their rangeof ready-to-use layers pro-vides an added measure ofversatility to your problem-solving arsenal of resources.Macherey-Nagel silicas can beused immediately as received– no tedious coating orimpregnation processes areneeded. These TLC plateshave homogeneous, smooth,well-adhering layers thatensure reproducible, quantita-tive evaluations.

Standard silica plates featuresilica particles between 5 and17 microns. The thickness ofthe silica layer is 0.25 mm foranalytical plates, and typically 0.5mm or 1mm thickfor preparative TLC layers.Most forms are available withor without fluorescent indica-tor; this includes polyestersheets, aluminum sheets, andglass plates. Additional infor-mation on these and otherTLC products is availablefrom the Macherey-NagelChromatography Guide. Allthese products are availablethrough GFS.

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GFS # M-N Code Description(CC)2825 815380 230-400 mesh2826 815390 130-270 mesh2827 815320 70-270 mesh 2828 815330 70-230 mesh(TLC)2819 816330 5-25 micron2820 816310 5-25 micron (GB)2821 816340 5-25 micron (FI)2822 816410 5-25 micron (GB, FI)2823 816410HP 2-25 micron2824 816430HP 2-25 micron (GB)

CELLULOSE - unmodified powders for TLC

GFS # M-N Code Description

2890 816250 MN grade 301 (native, fibrous)2891 816260 MN grade 301 UV254 (with indicator)2892 816270 MN 301 HR (acid washed, de-fatted)2893 815050 MN 100 (native, fibrous, purified)2894 815060 MN 2100 (high purity grade)2895 815070 MN 2100ff (high purity, de-fatted)2896 815290 Avicel® (microcrystalline)

HPTLC Layers C-18 SilicaReversed Phase Plates

In contrast to methodologiesinvolving normal hydrophilicsilicas, many difficult separa-tions can be achieved usinglipophilic silica layers andreversed phase techniques.Given the continuing develop-ment of HPLC methods, thedemand for TLC plates thatcan be used for orienting pre-separations will also increase.Such systems frequently useC-18 and C-8 silanized silicasespecially suited for the sepa-ration of very polar(hydrophilic) substrateswhich previously could onlybe separated by ion exchangechromatography. Macherey-Nagel has chosen to addressthis need only with C-18silanized 60 Angstrom (2-10micron) silicas that have beenmodified with differentdegrees of silanization. Pleaselet us know if we can help youselect or provide the productthat you need for yourreversed phase separationproblem.

Macherey-Nagel offers a broadrange of chromatographyproducts designed to addressthe separations issues you aremost likely to face in your work.Full information and valuabletechnical data are available inthe Macherey-NagelChromatography Productsguide.

GFSelectTM Silicas for ChromatographyFor the chromatographer whowants to try something a littledifferent at a reasonable cost,the GFSelect™ line of chro-matographic silicas providesseveral distinct features:

• Automated processing pro-vides tight 40-63 micron parti-cle size range where low finesare preferred for higher reso-lution, and reproducibility is critical• Advanced production tech-nologies yield high

purity, acid washed, irregularsilicas having pore sizes of 40,60, 90, and 150 Angstrom• Silica activity is stabilized at7% water; pH (slurry) of 6.5-7.0 is standard• TLC grade silicas are avail-able in 5-15 micron particlesize distribution, 500 m2/gmspecific surface area, 60Angstrom pore diameter• Complementary productsare available, including TLCplates, modified and reversephase silicas, and sphericalsilicas in 70, 100, 300, and 800Angstrom pore sizes

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GFS # Pore Particle Size Range2797 40A 15-35 micron2798 40A 40-63 micron2799 40A 60-200 micron2800 40A 200-500 micron

2801 60A 5-15 micron2802 60A 15-35 micron2803 60A 40-63 micron2804 60A 60-120 micron2805 60A 120-200 micron2806 60A 60-200 micron2807 60A 200-500 micron

2808 90A 15-35 micron 2809 90A 40-63 micron2810 90A 60-200 micron2811 90A 200-500 micron

2812 150A 40-63 micron2813 150A 60-120 micron2814 150A 60-200 micron2815 150A 120-200 micron

2816 60A 5-15 micron, TLC/Gypsum2817 60A 5-15 micron, TLC//Indicator2818 60A 5-15 micron, TLC/Gyp.+ Ind.

The main section of the GFScatalog provides specifica-tions and order informationfor these products.

Other attractive features ofthis product line include• availability of bulk quanti-ties of most materials• most grades can be modi-fied to provide standard, cus-tom or reversed phase silicas• ongoing development ofadsorbents for specialty appli-cations such as ion chelation

Specialty Silicasfrom W. R. Grace

Grace specialty silicas reflectdecades of experience in sur-face chemistry and relatedseparations technology. Theirexpertise in both adsorptionand absorption chemistries inmajor commercial marketsincludes industrial and spe-cialty catalyst formulations.The following products findfavor in a wide variety ofapplications, and can be sup-plied in bulk quantities in atimely manner.

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Grade 12 GFS #278028-200 mesh; may be particu-larly useful in hydrocarbonand steroid separations.

Grade 15 GFS #278330-60 mesh; narrower particlesize distribution providesenhancement of separationsachieved by Grade 12.

Grade 22 GFS #278460-200 mesh; complementsGrades 12 and 15.

Grade 59 GFS #27888 mesh, intermediate density (25 lb/cu.ft.), low surface area (300 m2/gm); a wide-pore,non-decrepitating buffer gelcapable of high liquid adsorp-tion in applications such ascolor body removal; 99.6%SiO2.

Grade 62 GFS #278960-200 mesh, 150 Angstrom;intermediate density, suitablefor some catalyst supportapplications.

Grade 922 GFS #2793-200 mesh; general chromatog-raphy use.

Grade 923 GFS #82100-200 mesh, high puritychromatographic silica suit-able for ASTM D-1319-70.

Alumina,Chromatographic

Grades from CamagChromatographic grade alumi-na is a white, fine-grainedpowder characterized by par-ticle size, surface area, porosi-ty and Brockmann activity.Minimal moisture contentallows a designation ofBrockmann I activity for themost popular grades of alumi-na. Less active grades(Brockmann II-V) can beachieved by adding controlled amounts of mois-ture to the material. All alumi-na can absorb moisture fromthe air, so care must be takenin storage and handling inorder to preserve the

Brockmann I activity. Acidicand neutral grades are pro-duced by the measured addi-tion of HCl (gas) to basic alu-mina, which is the naturalproduct of calcination of alu-minum hydroxide.

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Grade Designation GFS # 2619 GFS # 2620 GFS # 2618Camag Product Code 5016-A-I basic 507-C-I neutral 504-C-I acidicpH of a 5% aqueous

suspension (stirred) 9.5 +/- 0.5 7.0 +/- 0.5 4.5 +/- 0.5Specific surface (m2/gm) 150 +/- 10% 150 +/- 10% 150 +/- 10%Brockmann activity I I IMean pore diam. (Angstrom) 60 60 60Pore volume (mL/gm) ca. 0.25 ca. 0.25 ca. 0.25Chloride (mval/gm) nil 0.03 0.14Fe2O3 (%) 0.01 – 0.03 0.01 – 0.03 0.01 – 0.03Na2O (%) 0.25 – 0.4 0.25 – 0.4 0.25 – 0.4Bulk density (gm/L) ca. 920 ca. 920 ca. 920Granulometry>200 micron 10-20%; 160-200 micron 10-20%; 100-160 micron 35-80%; 71-100 micron 6-15%; 40-71 micron 2-10%; <40 micron 2-5%

Molecular Sieves

Grace Davison molecularsieves are convenient beadforms of specific aluminosili-cates also known as zeolites.Adjusting the Group I orGroup II component of thezeolite formulation allows thesynthesis of material charac-terized by cavities having spe-cific pore diameters. Internalchannels comprise close to

Silica Gel Desiccants,Adsorbents, Molecular Sievesfrom W. R. Grace

The broad range of conditionsunder which moisture adsorp-tion plays a critical step incommercial and laboratoryprocesses has led to thedevelopment of several typesof specialized products in thesilica gel and molecular sievefamilies. The products listedbelow address basic needs in

this area; please inquire if youwould need information onmore specialized silicas orzeolites that may be underdevelopment.

These products all have 0.43cc/gm pore volume, loss onignition (1750°F) of ca. 6.5%,and bulk density of ca. 45lb/cu.ft. Typical equilibriumadsorption at 10% relativehumidity is around 7 wt.%.

50% of the total volume of thesolid. Drying of common liq-uids and gases are typicallyperformed using 3, 4, or 5Angstrom pore diameter zeo-lites, chosen by virtue of themolecular dimension of thechemical to be adsorbed.Moisture removal is frequent-ly carried out using 4A (4 Angstrom) molecularsieves. The following GFSproducts are available:

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Feature Grade 03 Grade 13 Grade 40 Grade 41 Grade 47 Grade 48(GFS #) 2779 2782 2785 1019 2786 2787

mesh on 8 30-200 6-14 3-9 1-2 mm 2-5 mmindicator none blue ind. none none blue ind. blue ind.use or drying need for fine MIL-D-3716B MIL-D-3716 99% SiO2 99% SiO2

criteria of gases particle size type II gr. H type I gr. H 750 m2/g 750 m2/g(internal surface area)

TYPE FORM/SIZE GFS# FORM/SIZE GFS# FORM/SIZE GFS#

3A bead/4-8 mesh 2709 bead/8-12 mesh 963 powder/3-5 micron 27104A bead/4-8 mesh 2711 bead/8-12 mesh 964 powder/<5 micron 27125A bead/4-8 mesh 2713 bead/8-12 mesh 965 powder/3-5 micron 2714

13X bead/4-8 mesh 2715 bead/8-12 mesh 1067 powder/3-5 micron 2716Please inquire regarding additional forms and types of zeolite/molecular sieve materials.

Florisil® from U.S. Silica

The Florisil® line has foundextensive use in preparativeand analytical chromatogra-phy:

• Activated magnesium sili-cate (“magnesium-silicagel”), ca. 15.5% MgO, 84%SiO2

• White, hard powdered mate-rial which is a highly selec-tive adsorbent

• TLC Grade, ultrafine (-325mesh) powder suitable forthin layer chromatography

• Reagent Grade, activated at675o C, suitable for pesticideresidue analysis

• Standard Grade, activated at650oC, general chromato-graphic adsorbent use

Standard mesh cuts include16-30, 30-60, 60-100, 60-200,100-200, and -200.

DOWEX® - Fine MeshSpherical Ion Exchange Resinsfrom Dow Chemical

Dowex® resins have a longand successful history inareas such as fine chemicaland pharmaceutical columnseparations. Based on amicroporous copolymer ofstyrene and divinylbenzene(DVB), these beaded materi-als are designed for maximumresistance to oxidation, reduc-tion, mechanical wear andfracturing. Selectivity, consis-tency and reliability in columnseparations makes Dowex®

resins the media of choice fora broad range of applications.

The Dow resin nomenclaturereflects the type of resin anddegree of cross-linking to DVBthat is present:• Type I is a strong base (Cl-

form) anion exchange resin;for example, a 1X2-100 resincontains 2% DVB, 50-100mesh size.

• 50W designates a strongacid (H+ form) cationexchange resin; Dowex50WX4-200 has 4% DVBcross-linking and a particlesize range of 100-200 mesh.

If you don’t find the DOWEX®

resin you need in the alpha-betical section of this catalog,please inquire.

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AMBERLITE®/AMBERLYST®

Resins and PolymericAdsorbents from Rohm and Haas

Polymeric materials technolo-gy at Rohm and Haas fosteredthe development of a varietyof adsorbent media that are ofparticular interest to synthet-ic organic chemists and tech-nicians dealing with separa-tions and purifications in bothaqueous and non-aqueoussystems. Key characteristicsare provided above.

Please advise if you would liketo see additional Rohm andHaas products offered in theGFS catalog. Our objective isto make GFS a more valuableresource for you.

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GFS # Description Features2642 Amberlite® IR-120(Plus) hydrogen form, strongly acidic,

gel-type, 8% cross-linked; catalyst2643 Amberlite® IR-120, Na sodium form, gel-type, sulfonic

acid functionality, some catalyst use2644 Amberlite® IRA-67 tertiary amine functionality, weakly basic,

1.6 meq/ml exch. capacity2645 Amberlite® IRA-400(Cl) quat-ammonium functionality,

strongly basic, gel-type, chloride form2646 Amberlite® IRA-410 strongly basic gel-type resin also

useful in catalytic applications2647 Amberlite® IRA-900 strongly basic, macroreticular resin,

moderately high porosity2648 Amberlite® IRC-50 weakly acidic resin, selectively

adsorbs alkaloids, amino acids2649 Amberlite® XAD-4 high surface area (750 m.sq./gm) polystyrene

adsorbent, 20-60 mesh2652 Amberlyst® 15 strongly acidic, macroreticular,

suitable for non-aqueous catalysis2653 Amberlyst® 15 (wet) strongly acidic, macroreticular,

suitable for aqueous catalysis2654 Amberlyst® A-21 weakly basic (free base),

macroreticular, non-aqueous use, 20-60 mesh

Drierite® Calcium SulfateDesiccants from W. A. Hammond Co. Ltd.

Drierite® is an all-purpose dry-ing agent that is compatiblewith most chemical environ-ments. It removes moistureefficiently from gases (includ-ing air), refrigerants, organicliquids and solids. Tests haveshown that the moistureremaining in gases dried withDrierite® at ambient condi-tions is 0.005 mg/liter. Air canbe dried to a dew point of -100°F, and organic liquids areoften dried to the low part permillion range. Drying efficien-cy is usually maintained evenas application temperaturesapproach 100°C. Indicatingforms containing 3% cobaltchloride are available. See thealphabetical section for GFSlistings of both forms in 4, 6,8, 10-20, and 20-40 mesh sizes.

In liquid drying, Drierite®

instantly absorbs 6.6 wt.%water by chemical action. Indrying gases, its water capaci-ty is 10 to 14 weight percent,attributable to combinedchemical and capillary actionthat is derived from a granulepore space volume of 38%.Drierite® typically can beregenerated numerous times.It is non-toxic, non-corrosive,

non-channeling, chemicallyinert except toward water,constant in volume, neutral in pH.

For further information ondesiccant efficiencies see theseries of articles by David R.Burfield et al., starting with J.Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 3060-5.

Activated Carbon

Activated carbons are typical-ly amorphous powders orgranules that are character-ized by high adsorptivity formany gases, vapors, colloidalsolids, organic substrates andsome inorganic species.Common uses include decol-orization and purification orseparation of organic sub-strates. GFS offers severalpopular grades; let us know ifyou can’t find the activatedcarbon you need.

Diatomaceous Earth Filter Aids

Products having trade namessuch as Celite® and Celatom®

are recognized for their deri-vation from naturally occur-ring silicate materials deposit-ed over millennia via thedecomposition of aquaticplants related to algae(diatoms). Their intricatemicro geometric forms, poros-ity and inertness give themgreat versatility in chemicalabsorption and filtrationprocesses. GFS has used themfor decades; we now offerthem in this catalog for yourconvenience.

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GFS # Code / Description

2634 Darco 4-12 mesh granular, acid washed, lignite carbon, general purpose use

2635 Darco 12-20 mesh granular, acid washed, lignitecarbon, general purpose

2636 Darco 20-40 mesh granular, acid washed, lignitecarbon, general purpose

717 Darco G-60, -100 mesh powder, high-purity, usedto purify/upgrade organics

2634 Darco KB,-100 mesh wet powder (<30% H2O);1500 m2/g s.a. (dry), 1.5 cc/g pore volume (dry)

2640 Norit® RO 0.8, pellets, for liquid-phase adsorption

QUATERNARY AMMONIUMCOMPOUNDS for Ion-PairChromatography

The GFS line of Electrometricand Analytical Reagent Grade(EARG) quaternary ammoni-um compounds includes sev-eral products of particular usein the field of Ion-PairChromatography. Acquiredfrom Sachem, Inc. (Austin TX)in 1999, these EARG quats arehigh-purity materials especial-ly suitable for applicationsthat must conform to analyti-cal protocols having stringentpurity requirements.Characterized by low levels ofalkali metals, chloride andash, the EARG quats meet thecriteria for use in variouschromatographic protocols.

The following products findfrequent use as reagents inIon Pair Chromatography:

GFS #1202Tetrabutylammonium hydrox-ide, 1.0 M in water.

GFS #2262Tetrabutylammonium hydrox-ide, 0.4 M in water.

GFS #2517Tetrabutylammonium hydro-gen sulfate, 98%, crystal.

GFS #2433Tetrabutylammonium dihy-drogen phosphate, 98+%,crystal.

KETONE DERIVATIZINGAGENTS

An example of a superiorketone derivatizing agentmanufactured by GFS is:2-diphenylacetyl-1,3-indane-dione-1-hydrazone (GFS #2366).

This reagent facilitates thedetermination of volatile alde-hydes and ketones by HPLC,even demonstrating great sen-sitivities at very low concen-trations. Using spectroscopicor fluorometric techniques,detection limits can beenhanced to 0.25 parts per bil-lion, surpassing limits provid-

ed by other standard proto-cols such as dinitrophenylhy-drazone derivatization.

SILICIC ACIDS; WHITEQUARTZ SILICA SAND

The immense scope of chro-matographic techniques andtools is necessary to keeppace with the growth andtechnical sophistication ofcurrent separations technolo-gies. Materials as elegant ashigh purity silicic acid and assimple as silica sand are bothimportant resources for theproblem-solving chromatogra-pher. GFS now offers thesematerials for your conven-ience:

GFS # 2794 Silicic acid, -100mesh, loss on ignition <16%,for chromatography

GFS # 2795 Silicic acid, <20micron, 99.9% for chromatog-raphy

GFS # 2796 Silica sand, whitequartz, -50+70 mesh, suitablefor chromatography

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Specialty Reagentsand Media for

Chromatography

GFS Bio-RefinedTM ProductsWe introduced our Bio-Refined™ product line to meetthe growing need in the LifeSciences and biochemicalfields for high-purity, well-characterized inorganic andorganic salts for research andbio-analytical applications.These products are carefullypurified and checked to meetspecific pH requirements aswell as for conformance tooptical absorbance and tracemetal ion specifications.

In response to the need forgreater assurances of bio-chemical purity in many prod-ucts, GFS is developing proto-cols for qualifying productsfor criteria such as theabsence of DNase, RNase andprotease. Detection method-ologies such as advanced fluo-rescence spectrophotometrywill be used to ensure productconformance to these specifi-cations.

Better Buffers™The GFS bio-analytical linealso includes a line of “BetterBuffers”– Good’s buffer alter-natives that are better suitedto bioanalytical buffering situ-ations that are sensitive tointerferences caused by metalion complexations, especiallycopper ion. These non-com-plexing tertiary amine bufferscover the entire pH range (3-10) for which bioanalyticalbuffering is usually required.This includes most of the cur-rent focus on pH-dependentphenomena observed in bio-logical and physiological studies.

The N-substituents on theBetter Buffers render theamine sterically inaccessible

toward metal ion complexa-tion. This is believed to be aprimary source of interfer-ences in protein analysis,where the complexation ofCu(II) has been shown to be aparticular problem. TheBetter Buffers also allow theminimization of amine-metalcomplexation promoted bythe presence of donor atomssuch as hydroxymethyl andhydroxyethyl groups.

This GFS line also includesthree buffers studied by Goodand co-workers: MES, MOPS,and PIPES; the newly avail-able MOBS (4-N-morpholino)-butanesulfonic acid, is alsoshown on the chart of pHranges of non-complexingbuffers.

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2 4 6 8 10 12

PIPES

PIPPS

PIPBS

DEPP

DESPEN

MES

TEEN

PIPES

MOPS

MOBS

PIPPS

PIPBS

DEPP

DESPEN

GFS Productsfor

Life Sciences

By employing a unique,patented Polyethylenimine-Polymer matrix to supportpalladium metal, we have cre-ated a new, highly effective palladium catalyst which is superior for hydrogenationreactions.

The Royer PalladiumCatalyst’s high surface areamakes it extremely easy towork with and eliminates theneed to bother with themessy and hard-to-handle palladium on carbon.

This Unique PalladiumCatalyst Offers TheseAdvantages:

1. ReusableUnlike other palladium cat-alysts, the Royer PalladiumCatalyst can be reused upto 10 times with little or noactivity loss.

2. Extremely low pyrophoricpotential

3. Excellent stability4. Easy separation from

reaction product5. Little or no contamination

Since the catalyst is not oncarbon, its contaminationeffects are significantly lessthan palladium on carbon.The Royer Palladium Catalystis available in either powderform or beads. We also havemanufactured and made avail-able Platinum, Rhodium andRuthenium on the patentedRoyer Substrate.

The Royer® Products

While pursuing better meth-ods of peptide synthesis,Professor Gar Royer discov-ered a method of preparing anew polymeric material whichcould be used for numerousthings. It was first reported inthe literature in 19771 and apatent application was filed.The patent was granted in1982, US 4,326,009.

The first published applica-tion of the material was ascatalyst in the hydrolysis of p-nitrotrifluoroacetanilide andinvolved the preparation of apolyethylenimine (PEI)“ghost”. PEI was deposited onthe surface of an aluminabead, cross-linked with glu-taraldehyde and the bead wasthen dissolved away, leavingthe porous polymer shell or“ghost”. The cross-linkedpolymer has many active sitesand will complex or immobi-

lize molecules with severalactive sites, such asnucleotides or proteins.

A short time later, Royer andcolleagues2 demonstrated thefeasibility of using formic acidas a hydrogen donor for theremoval of several protectinggroups in the synthesis ofpeptides by catalytic transferhydrogenation on palladium.This idea was later improvedupon when it was discoveredthat the PEI “ghosts” wouldcomplex palladium as well asother metals. Palladium wascomplexed on the PEI thatwas on silica beads and thenreduced to the metal3. Thecomparison of the rates ofhydrogenolysis of Cbz-alanineusing formic acid at roomtemperature and pressure areshown in Fig.1. This catalystis available now as 1%Palladium on PEI/SiO2 beads(GFS #1004) or powder (GFS#1005) and 3% Palladium onPEI/SiO2 powder (GFS #1068).These palladium catalysts canalso be used effectively withhydrogen gas for reductionmedium by decantation (incontrast with the filtrationrequired for palladium on car-bon) and have low pyrophoricpotential. That they are readi-ly reusable is shown in Fig. 2.

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The Royer®

Palladium Catalyst-A Breakthrough in

Palladium Catalysts

Further work with the affinityof PEI polymers for anions ledto the application by Royerand co-workers4 of severalcompositions of PEI polymersto the separation ofnucleotide mixtures by col-umn chromatography. Severalof these are shown in Figures3, 4, and 5. The ion-exchangeresins are available now asRoyer® Anion ExchangeResins; PEI 40 and 100 are glutaraldehyde cross-linkedmaterial on silica beads 20-40mesh and silica gel 40-200mesh, GFS #1000 and #1001.BZL-PEI 40 and 100 are benzy-lated derivatives of the glu-taraldehyde cross-linkedproduct in the same meshsizes, GFS #1002 and #1003,respectively. PEI-X-40 and 100are the Xama cross-linkedmaterials, GFS #1065 and#1066.

1. Meyers, W.E.; Royer, G.P.; J. Am.Chem. Soc., 99, 6141 (1977)2. El Amin, B.; Anantharamaiah,G.M.; Royer, G.P.; Means, G.E.; J.Org. Chem., 44, 3442 (1979)3. Coleman, D.R.; Royer, G.P.; J. Org.Chem., 45, 2268 (1980)4. Watanabe, K; Chow W.-S.; Royer,G.P.;Anal. Biochem., 127, 155 (1982)

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Figure 1. Rate of Pd-catalyzedhydrogenolysis of Cbz-alanineusing formic acid as the hydro-gen donor. Pd-PEI “ghosts”, 100mg (•); Aldrich 10% Pd on char-coal, lot no. 031597, 10 mg ( ); Research Inorganic/OrganicChemical 10% Pd on charcoal,two different samples, 10 mg (Xand O); Pd-black, 1 mg (∆).

Figure 2. Reuse of RoyerPalladium Catalyst.Atmospheric pressurehydrogenation of 0.1 molenitrobenzene in 90 ml ofmethanol with 2 g of 1%Royer Palladium Catalyst.

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Figure 3. PEI-glutaraldehyde-sili-ca resolution of adenosine, AMP,ADP, and ATP. Conditions: columnsize 28 X 0.6 cm; flow rate, 1ml/min; one fraction equals 3 ml;adenosine (0.8 µmol) eluted withTris-HCl (pH 8, 10 mM), AMP (2.4µmol) with buffer containing 0.15M NaCl, ADP (2.3 µmol) and ATP(1.5 µmol) with a linear gradient(0.3-0.5 M).

Figure 4. Separation of adeno-sine, AMP, ADP, and ATP onPEI-Xama silica gel. The col-umn (6 X 0.5 cm) was equili-brated with Tris-HCl (10 mM,pH 8); the nucleotides andadenosine (1 mg each) wereapplied in 2 ml of the samebuffer. Recoveries were quan-titative: flow rate, 1 ml/min; onefraction equals 3 ml.

Figure 5. (A) Resolution of amixture of 3’:5’-cyclic AMP (0.13µmol) and MAP, ADP, ATP (1.3µmol each). Conditions: PEI-Xama silica gel column (6 X 0.5cm); flow rate, 1 ml/min; fractionvolume equals 3 ml. Tris-HCl (pH8, 10mM) was used to elute3’:5”-cyclic AMP. The NaCl gra-dient followed immediately. (B) In this case, the Tris-HClwas run for 30 min. Otherwise,conditions are identical to those of A.

Prices and TermsTerms of sale are net 30 dayswith established credit, FOBour plant in Columbus, Ohio.Unless otherwise instructed,freight charges will be eitherprepaid and invoiced to thecustomer or COD at the dis-cretion of the Company. Wereserve the right to makeprice changes without formalnotice. GFS is proud to offerthe following credit cardoptions for your convenience:Visa, Mastercard, AmericanExpress.

Conditions GFS products are sold formanufacturing or laboratoryuse only and are not intendedor certified for direct use infood, drug or cosmetic appli-cations. GFS Chemicalsassumes no responsibilityconnected with the use of ourproducts or the informationprinted in our publications. Inno case is the purchase of ourproducts to be taken as alicense to violate or infringeupon any patent.

GFS Chemicals Terms of Service

GFS WarrantyGFS products are warrantedto conform, on the date ofshipment, to the GFS specifi-cations in effect at the time ofproduct manufacture. TheGFS warranty obligation islimited to either replacementof non-conforming product orthe refund of the purchaseprice. GFS products are notcertified for or intended fordirect use in food, drug, orcosmetic applications. Anyother warranties, express orimplied, that assume mer-chantability or fitness for aparticular purpose are dis-claimed. Under no circum-stances shall GFS Chemicals,Inc. be liable for indirect, sec-ondary, or consequential dam-ages of any nature, includingwithout limitation loss of prof-its or business interruption.

Limitation on GFS Product Use, Warranties and LiabilityUnless otherwise specificallycertified in writing by GFSChemicals, Inc. (GFS), GFSproducts are not intended,approved or authorized forhuman or animal consump-tion nor for use in any food,drug or cosmetic applications.GFS products are warrantedto meet our specifications asset forth in the GFS LotAnalysis or other Company lit-erature specifically relatingthereto only. By acceptingGFS's products, Customeragrees to the limitations setforth herein, assumes allresponsibility for the properuse of such products in accor-dance with these limitations,and agrees to indemnify,defend and hold harmless GFSfrom and against any and allclaims, suits and/or liability inthe event such products areused in a manner contrary tothese limitations. GFS HERE-BY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALLWARRANTIES, LIABILITYAND/OR RESPONSIBILITY INCONNECTION WITH ANY USEOR APPLICATION OF ITSPRODUCTS IN A MANNERCONTRARY TO THE LIMITA-TIONS SET FORTH HEREIN.

ANY USE OR APPLICATION OFGFS PRODUCTS IN A MANNERCONTRARY TO THESE LIMI-TATIONS SHALL BE AT THEUSER'S SOLE RISK, ANDSHALL RELIEVE GFS OF ALLWARRANTIES, LIABILITY ANDRESPONSIBILITY WITHRESPECT THERETO. These limitations may not bemodified, affected or super-seded by Customer, nor byany language, term or provi-sion contained in Customer'spurchase order, confirmationor other correspondence orcommunication.

Full Warranty andLimitations Statement atwww.gfschemicals.com/Terms.asp

TSCA Compliance GFS makes a concerted effortto foster customer awarenessof the limitations placed, byregulation, on the use ofresearch chemicals. GFS prod-ucts that are not listed on theToxic Substances Control Act(TSCA) are to be used only forR&D purposes, by qualifiedtechnicians capable of under-standing and communicatingtheir respective hazards.

International Orders Unless otherwise agreed to inwriting by GFS, all internation-al orders are shipped FOBColumbus, Ohio USA - GFSplant basis INCOTERMS 2000.Payment terms are set uponacceptance of order. Letter ofCredit method is acceptablefor orders in the amount of$5,000 and above with GFSinstructions. The freight for-warder and bank utilized forLC shipments will be that ofGFS Chemicals. All pricesshown are in U.S. dollars.Payment in U.S. funds, by wiretransfer or check drawn on aU.S. bank.

Safety: Material Safety Data Sheets We offer MSDS information onall of the products that wesell. An MSDS accompanies allshipments when leaving ourfacility. If for any reason youshould need a second copy,we will be happy to fax one toyou or you can retrieve onefrom our website atwww.GFSChemicals.com

Transportation and ShippingFor your information and easeof ordering, we have includedDOT hazard information onour entire line of chemicals.All products in this catalogmay be shipped by commer-cial freight. Limitations onpackage size and quantitymay be restricted by the carri-er and hazard fees may apply.Some products (Hazard Class6.1) can be shipped by somecarriers only when containedin a special poison pack.There will be an extra chargefor this service.

Return Goods No return shipments will beaccepted without our priorpermission and instructionsbeing obtained. If an error ismade in placing or filling yourorder, please advise uspromptly so that we may takeproper action. No returngoods or claims will beallowed beyond 60 days.Orders for items not listed inthis catalog or that have spec-ifications not printed in thiscatalog are considered spe-cial/custom orders and shallbe processed by GFS on take-or-pay terms. A 25% restockcharge may apply to non-custom orders.

Ordering InformationCustomer Service Representatives andTechnical Support are available Mondaythrough Friday from 8:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m.Eastern Time. Orders may be placed by mail,phone, fax, e-mail or on our web site. Everyorder receives an order confirmation sent via fax or e-mail that includes items ordered,pricing, shipping method, and estimated shipping date.

By Mail: GFS CHEMICALS, INC.Sales & AdministrationPO Box 245Powell, OH 43065

By Phone: 800-858-9682 (U.S. and Canada)(740) 881-5501 (International)

By Fax: (740) 881-5989

By E-mail: sales@gfschemicals.com

On the Web: www.gfschemicals.comwww.gfsinternational.com

Opening an accountGFS Customer Service Representatives will be glad to help you open an account. For details call: 1-800-858-9682.

(740) 881-5501 (International)Additional Terms and conditions on page 112

Notice: GFS products are not certified orintended for direct use in food, drug, or cos-metic applications; they are warranted to meetour specifications as given in GFS Lot Analysisor other Company literature. Determination ofmaterial suitability and/or merchantability forpurposes beyond these specifications is theresponsibility of the end user. WE HONOR