8/18/2019 Gram Postive Bacillus
1/16
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ال
Ve Bacilli+Gram
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8/18/2019 Gram Postive Bacillus
2/16
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* There are 2 important clinically species :
1- Bacillus (( aerobic and faculitative anaerobic , spore forming ))2- Clostridium (( obligate anaerobic , spore forming ))
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8/18/2019 Gram Postive Bacillus
3/16
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acillus anthracis
*larg Gr+Ve bacilli. usually arranged in chain
*spore forming ,non motile bacilli.
*spores are oval , central& non-projecting
*capsule consists of polypeptide glutamic acid.
* polysaccharide cell wall .
*faculitative anaerobic .
* nonfastidious growth (( not need complex media ))
*highly infection organism
haracteristics
*infected animals, human are accidental host .
*spores remain viable for years in contaminated soil &
resistant heat up to 150 C for hour .
Habitat
*direct contact
*airborne routeTransmission
*capsule =antiphagocytosis
* There are 3 extotoxin :-
- Edma toxin . – lethal toxin .
*antrax exotoxin = CNS distress , respiratory failure &
anoxia
* Spore can survive in soil for years .
Pathogenesis
*cutaneous anthrax ( malignant pustule ) . fatal rate 10%
* gastrointestinal anthrax .
* inhalation anthrax .
*enteric anthrax (fatal rate 50%)
*pulmonary anthrax (woolsorters disease ) (fatal rate
50%)
*meningitis following anthrax bacteremia .
Diseases
(medusa head ) colonies on blood agar .
*McFadyean reaction (capsule stains red – mauve with
loeffler polychrome methylene blue .
*catalase
* DFA Test : Positive . (( Direct Fluorescent AntiBody ))
*non hemolytic colonies .
* capsule not observed in culture . but observed with
Indian ink stain
Laboratory
Identification
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8/18/2019 Gram Postive Bacillus
4/16
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ال
acillus anthracis
larg Gr+ Ve bacilli , usually arranged in chain
Spore forming & motile bacilli
Spores are oval , central & non –projecting .
Non capsulated bacilli
faculitative anaerobes
nonfastidious growth(( not need complex media ))
Opprtunistic infection .
haracteristics
* soil ,vegetation , water , food includes cerals meat &
spicesHabitat
Foodborne routeTransmission
heat stable enterotoxin = causes emetic
gastroenteritis .
heat- labile enteroxin = causes diarrheal
gastroenteritis .
spore can survive in soil .
cytotoxic enzyme : Destruction Tissues .
Pathogenesis
* toxic food poisoning includes 2 types of infections :
1-emetic gastroenteritis ( severe nausea & vomiting )
2- diarrheal gastroenteritis ( abdominal pain & profuse
watery stool )
* ocular infection
* intravenous catheter .
Diseases
( medusa head ) colonies .
complete hemolysis on blood agar .(( Beta
Hemolytic ))
Laboratory
Identification
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8/18/2019 Gram Postive Bacillus
5/16
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acteriumCoryneb
gram +Ve bacilli (( club shaped )) .
aerobic and faculitative anaerobic .
non spore forming .
non Acid fast .
non motile .
catalase +Ve .
most (( but not all )) Ferment carbohydrate .
high guanine and cytocine content .
meta chromatic granulces .
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8/18/2019 Gram Postive Bacillus
6/16
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Corynebacterium diphtheriae
*Gr+ Ve Polymorphic bacilli (club-shaped) .
*cells appear in chineses-letter arrangement .
* non capsulate , non sporing , non motile .
*Facultative anaerobes .
*Ferment carbohydrate .
* Most grow well in lipid free media .
haracteristics
Nasopharynx & occasionally skin of human
Habitat
droplets spread
direct contactTransmission
Diphtheria exotoxin = block protein synthesis
Unknown Virulance Factors.Pathogenesis
diphtheria :
1- localized inflammation of the throat
2-
infecting organisms do not invade but rather
elaborate an exotoxin that spreads through blood
3-
pharynx , larynx , & nose are main sites
4- pseudo – membrane is formed & may lead to
respiratory obstruction
5-mainly affecting infants over 1 year old children &
young adults
6- Endocarditis
Diseases
Specific media for C.diphtheria :-
1- cysteine tellurite agar
2-
serum tellurite agar .
back colonies on blood tellurito agar
Use loeffler medium to recover C.diphtheria .
detection toxin by Elek test .
teelurite inhibit growth of most upper respiratory
bacteria and gram negative rods .
Laboratory
Identification
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8/18/2019 Gram Postive Bacillus
7/16
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Mycobacterium
gram +Ve bacilli .
non motile .
fastidious growth (( Need Complex media )) .
acid fast .
non spore forming .
aerobic .
Cell Wall Rich With Lipid (( making the organism resistant to mostdisinfects , detergents , common antibacterial )) .
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8/18/2019 Gram Postive Bacillus
8/16
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ال
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
acid fast bacilli , slightly curved (ziehl – neelsen
stain : red cooler )
cell wall rich with lipid (( making the organism
resistant to most disinfects , detergents , common
antibacterial )) . non-capsulate , non –sporing , non –motile
obligate aerobes
highly infection organism
haracteristics
Strict human pathogen
Habitat
droplets spread
direct contact foodborn route (rarely)
Transmission
capsule = Antiphagocytois .
Ability to multiply inside macrophages .Pathogenesis
tuberculosis :
1- primary tuberculosis in lungs & lymph nodes
2-
progressive primary tuberculosis-tuberculous bronchopneumonia
- military tuberculosis
-tuberculosis meningitis- bone & joint tuberculosis
- genito- urinary tuberculosis3- post –primary tuberculosis :
-T.B.remains dormant for years after primary
tuberculosis
-it reactivates due to delayed hypersenseitivity
- it may involve all manifestation in progressive
Primary tuberculosis
Diseases
rough , dry & yellow colonis on Lowenstein –
Jensen medium after 2-3 weeks at 37 C
detection of acid fast bacilli under light
microscope .
tuberculin skin test + kuantiferon-TB test =
sensitive marker
Laboratory
Identification
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8/18/2019 Gram Postive Bacillus
9/16
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ال
Mycobacterium leprae
acid fast bacilli , slightly curved (ziehl –neelsen
stain : red cooler )
cell wall rich with lipid (( making the organismresistant to most disinfects , detergents , common
antibacterial )) .
non-capsulate , non –sporing , non –motile
obligate aerobes
haracteristics
Strict human pathogen
Habitat
direct contact
airborne spread
incidence of disease in contact is low
spread in the community is slow
Transmission
principal target cell for this bacterium is schwann
cell
this bacteria causes anaesthesia & miscle
paralysis
Pathogenesis
leprosy :
1-
slow , chronic &progressive infection
2- minaly affects the skin & peripheral nerves
3- long incubation period , usually form 3- 5 years
4- tow forms of leprosy :
-lepromatous (lesions spread & involve mucous
membrane . this form is progressive & severe , large
number of bacteria are found in the body which acts
as kind of unlimited culture medium )
- tuberculoid (lesions are localized & tend to be
bening , this form is self – healing )
Diseases
no growth on Lowenstein – Jensen medium
detection of acid fast bacilli in smears or secretion
from lesions
diagnosis with specific skin test .
Microscope sensitive to : lepromatous .
Laboratory
Identification
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8/18/2019 Gram Postive Bacillus
10/16
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P Clostridium SP
(Anaerobic, spore-forming,Gram-positive Rods)
-All anaerobic, gram-positive rods capable of forming endospores was placed in the
genus (Clostridium).
-Clostridium spp was defined by four properties
1)presence of endospores.
2)strict(obligate) anaerobic.
3)inability to reduce sulfate to sulfite.
4)gram-positive cell wall structure.
-the Clostridium are ubiquitous in soil, water, and sewage and part of the normal flora
in gastrointestinal tract of animal and human.
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8/18/2019 Gram Postive Bacillus
11/16
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Clostridium tetani
larg Gr+ Ve bacilli
sporing , motile bacilli
spores are spherical , terminal ( drumstick )
non capsulate bacilli
obligate anaerobes
difficult to grow.because the organism is
extremely sensitive to oxygen toxicity.
Not ferment carbohydrates.
haracteristics
soil & commensal in intestinal tract of animal . spore remain viable after dry heat up to 160 C for
1 hour .
Habitat
Via major or minor wounds .Transmission
tetanolysin ( exotoxin) = lyses erythrocytes .
tetanospasmin ( exotoxin ) = neurotoxin that
affects CNS causing muscular rigidty and spasns .
spore formation.
Pathogenesis
*tetanus ( human & animals)
1- generalized tetanus
2-localized tetanus
3-neonatal tetanus
Diseases
swarming colonies on blood agar
detection of neurotoxin by serological method .Laboratory
Identification
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8/18/2019 Gram Postive Bacillus
12/16
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ال
Clostridium perfringens
relatively larg Gr + Ve bacilli , usually arranged
in chain
non motile bacilli & capsulate bacilli
spores are oval , subterminal & non – projecting
spores rarely seen in infected materials
anaerobes , but it can tolerate exposure to air for
short time
hemolytic in culture.
Replicate rapidly
Type A is responsible for most human disease.
haracteristics
soil & water & intestinal tract of human and
animals
bacteria & spores common contaminants of raw
meats
spores remain viable after heat up to 100 C for up
to 3 hours
Habitat
direct contact
endogenous spread
foodborne route
Transmission
alpha toxin = destroys cell membranes
enterotoxin = associated with food – poisoning
DNAse = hydrolyses DNAPathogenesis
gas gangrene
food poisoning
septicemia.
Soft- tissue infections.
Diseases
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8/18/2019 Gram Postive Bacillus
13/16
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beta hemolytic colonies on blood agar
entire edge for colonies on blood agar
detection of alpha toxin via the nagler reaction
Laboratory
Identification
Clostridium difficile
larg Gr+ Ve bacilli usually arranged in chain
sporing , motile bacilli
spores are oval
obligate anaerobes
part of the normal intestinal flora
haracteristics
Soil & water & intestinal contents of various animals .
Faeces of 3-5 % of healthy adults.
Regularly , present in faeces of healthy adult infant .
Habitat
Endogenous spread .
Faecal – oval routeTransmission
toxin A ( enterotoxin) = antiphagocytosis
toxin B ( cytotoxin )
Pathogenesis
pseudo – membranous colitis
antibiotic- associated diarrhoea
Diseases
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8/18/2019 Gram Postive Bacillus
14/16
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difficult to isolate in ordinary media
detection toxins in faecesLaboratory
Identification
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8/18/2019 Gram Postive Bacillus
15/16
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ال
Clostridium botulinum
larg Gr +Ve bacilli
sporng , motile bacilli
sporing are oval , terminal or subterminal &
projecting
non capsulate bacilli
obligate anaerobes
fastidious growth.
haracteristics
soil , vegetable & fruits are the normal habitat
canned products
spores remain viable after heat up to 100 C for up
to 3 hours
Habitat
Foodborne routeTransmission
spore formation
Botulinum toxin
Binary toxin.Pathogenesis
botulism
1- this food poisoning is intoxication rather than an
infection .
*Food borne botulism
*infant botulism
*inhalation botulism
Diseases
*irregulary round colonies on blood agar
* detection of toxin in the food or serum from the patient
is the way of confirming the diagnosis
Laboratory
Identification
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8/18/2019 Gram Postive Bacillus
16/16
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اتم ن ی ل ع ھت ن م و ھ ل ضف و د ا م ح ب
عن
خص ل م
من
ا ھ ت ن ال ا
Bacilli VE +GRAM
اجع ر م ىلع دا م ت عالا متوة د م ت ع م
یة جرا خ تا ر ك ذ م و تا صخل م و
یھ ل ع دا م ت عالا مت يذل ا عجر م ل ا
اد كلي ھو م ت عا
Medical Microbiology
لف مل ل Patrick Murray
ظھر
في
كم ا عد
لح ا ص
من
ا ن و سن ت
ال
یب غ ل ا ..رخآلا و ای ن دل ا يف قیف و ت ل ا ب
ا ن ری د ق ت و ا ن رك ش ا ول ب ق ت و