Download pptx - Green gram

GREEN GRAMVigna radiata GROUP: No 04

EXPORT AGRICULTURE

Green gram Group No: 4 2

Outline• Classification• Description• Morphology• Varieties • Soil & climatic requirement• Suitable cropping systems• Field establishment• Crop management• Harvesting• Storage and post-harvest • Pest and disease management• Uses and value added products


GREEN GRAM CLASSIFICATION

• Family : Fabaceae

• Genus : Vigna

• Species: V. radiata


DESCRIPTION

• Annual legume crop

• Protein rich cereal

• Originated from India

• Cultivated in dry and intermediate zones of Sri Lanka

• 80% Cultivated during maha season

• Rest is grown in yala in paddy fields with supplementary irrigation


• Annual yield around 8000-10000Mt/ha

• Extent of cultivation is 6500-7000 hectares

• Successfully cultivated in the districts: Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa Vavuniya, Kurunegala Puttlam, Killinochchi Mulathiv, Batticaloa Jaffna


MORPHOLOGY

• It grows 45 to 120cm tall

• Roots Deep rooted plantLateral branches of roots contain nodules

- it contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria


Stem- Herbaceous - Branching at the base - Covered with short, fine,

brownish hair

Leaves: - Alternate- Trifoliate with long petioles


• Flowers: Greenish to bright yellow

• Fruit: Pod

• Seed: - Small- Slightly flattened- Globular with green, yellow, black,

brown or mottled testa


VARIETIES

Variety Yield (kg/ha) Life cycle(days)

MI 1 1500 60-65

Harsha 1200 55-60

• Suitable varieties in Sri Lanka


Recommended variety by Department of Agriculture MI 1Characteristics :

• Days to maturity• Seed shape• 1000 Seed wt.( g )• Seed color• Average yield ( t / ha )

- 80-90- Fairly cylindrical- 56- Black- 2.5


SOIL & CLIMATIC REQUIREMENT

• Rainfall600mm-1000mm

• Soil Well drained sandy to loam soil

• pH range pH 6-7

• Temperature25 ºC - 35 ºC


SUITABLE CROPPING SYSTEMS

• Successfully incorporate in to the different types of cropping systems

1. Rainfed uplands - Yala / maha Mono culture

- Intercropping: eg. Maize + green gram

2. Rainfed lowlands Yala Mono culture Intercropping


3. Major irrigation schemes

- Yala -Rice-legume system

- Green gram can be grown as a relay crop

- before the on set of yala rains or with rainfall

during yala season

4. Minor irrigation schemes - yala

5. Under agro well -yala


FIELD ESTABLISHMENT

Land preparation

• Plough and harrow the land • Make ridges or flat beds according to the

water supply

Time of planting• Maha (wet) season - mid September to

October• Yala (dry) season - March- April


Sowing • Seed rate is 30kgs per hectare • Put 2 seeds per hill and thin not weaker

plant after 10-12 days

Spacing• Between rows 30cm- 40cm • Between plants 10cm

depending upon seed size and season• Depth of the seedling 1- 1.5cm


CROP MANAGEMENT

Fertilizer Application• Basal dressing : – Apply and incorporate in to the soil

before sowing– Urea 35kg/ha - TSP 100kg/ha - MOP

75kg/ha

• Top dressing : – Apply at flowering (about 30 days after

sowing)– Urea 30 kg/ha


Weed Control

• Keep the crop free of weeds first 6 weeks from seedling emergence

• Before application of top dressing

weeding should be done

• If there are more weeds regular weeding

should be practiced

in 2 weeks interval


Irrigation• Water supply should be done

4 days interval • After 3 weeks, irrigation should be done

7 days interval• When pod maturing time

water supply should be cut down

• Sufficient moisture is essential during - germination

- flowering - seed filling stages


HARVESTING • Maturity period should be coincide with

the dry whether condition

for high yield and quality seeds

• Harvesting is done when 80% of the pods

have reached physiological maturity stage

• Two picking are done at weekly intervals


• Pods are threshed manually after complete sun drying

• Finally seeds are winnowed to separate the chaff

• Dried under sun


STORAGE AND POST-HARVEST

• Moisture content of seeds should not be

above 13% at storage

• Seeds are mixed with ash or sand

to protect from storage

pests

• Stored in gunny bags and kept in clean,

ventilated place


PEST AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT

• Diseases

Mung bean yellow mosaic virus

Powdery mildew


Bacterial blight

Cercospora leaf spot

Anthracnose


Pests• Pod borer

• Beetles

• Whitefly


• Aphids - Pod sucking

bug

• Foliage beetle - Bean flies

USES AND VALUE ADDED PRODUCTS

• As a vegetable• In confectionary production• Noodles production

- cellophane noodles• Cosmetic production - as face cleanser• Detergent and soap production• Enzyme production

- protease from green gram husk



REFERENCES

• http://www.agridept.gov.lk/index.php/en/crop-recommendations/1465

• http://wwwscientificjournal.blogspot.com/2010/08/morphology-of-mung-bean.html


GROUP MEMBERS

• H.A.S.P. Kularatne UWU/EAG/11/0003

• B.M.S.K. Ekanayak UWU/EAG/11/0004

• K.A.M.Y.C Jayathissa UWU/EAG/11/0010

• S.M.V.M Senevirathne UWU/EAG/11/0011


THANK YOU