Usman Shah 094005010
Bilal Shaheen 094005027
Dedicated To Our Respected Teacher :
“Miss Humaira Ahmad”
Who Guided Us In Making This Presentation
Hazrat Umar Ibn Al Khattab
“Were a prophet to come after me, he would have been Umar"
Hazrat Muhammad (SAWW)
“Tirmidhi”
Administration in Islam
Hazrat Umar(RA)’s Administration 22nd of Jamadi-uth-Thani 13 Hijri – 26 Dhul Hijjah 23 Hijri
Challenges
His Own Image
Super Powers (Persian Empire & Byzantine Empire)
Famine
Plague
Basic Principles of Hazrat Umar’s Reign
Self Accountability
No Private Business for GovernmentOfficials
Same LAW for all
Self AccountabilityExamples1.Old Woman2.Hazrat Umar (RA)’s Son
No Private Business for GovernmentOfficials
Same LAW for allExamples1.Hazrat Ayaz Bin Ghanam (RA)2.Amar Bin Aas (RA)’s Son
Important Conquests of Hazrat Umar(RA)’s Reign
Conquest of Damascus
Conquest of Saida, Irqah and Beirut (Lebanon today)
Campaigns in Iraq
The Conquest of 2/3 of Byzantie
The Battle of Qaadisiyah
Conquest of the Persian capital
Conquest of Jerusalem
The Conquest of Egypt
Comparison with the Caliphate of Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA)
Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) Hazrat Umar (RA)
Pact in Jerusalem
o The inhabitants' life, property and churches were given protection
o Islam was not to be forced on them
o The inhabitants were to pay the “Jizya" or poll tax
o The Greeks were to be turned out of the City
Reforms of Hazrat Umar(RA) during his Administration
"Awliat-i-Umar
Formal Bayt ul Mal
Trading Reforms
Taxes Reforms
Departments
Other Institutions
Agriculture
Provincial Administration
Division into Provinces. The following were, the provinces and their governors in 23 A.H., i.e. near the end of Hadrat Umar's Caliphate.
1. Hijaz with Makkah as its capital; Nafi' bin Abu Harith.2. Syria with Damascus as its capital;Mu'awiyah bin Abu Sufyan.3. Iran with Basrah as its capital; Abu Musa al-Ash'ari.4. Iraq with Kufa as its capital; -Mughirah bin Shu'bah.5. Egypt with Fustat as its capital;Amr bin al-'As.6. Palestine with Jerusalem as its capital; 'Alqamah bin Majaz.7. Jazirah (i.e. Mesopotamia) with Hims (Hems) as its controlling capital; Governor -- 'Umair bin Sa'd.8. The central province of Arabia with Medina as its capital.
Hierarchy of Administration
Caliph
Governor
Wali
STATE
PROVINCE
DISTRICT
Model of AdministrationCaliph
Governor
Wali
Sahib ul AhdathKatib Sahib ul
KharajKatib ud Diwan
Sahib Bait ul Mal Qadi
Katib Chief Secretary.Katib-ud-Diwan Military Secretary.Sahib-ul-Kharaj Revenue Collector.Sahib-ul-Ahdath Police Chief.Sahib-Bait-ul-Mal, Treasury Officer.Qadi Chief Judge.
Departments
Military Department
Tax Deptartments
Education Department
Police Deparmtment
Financial Department
Military Department
Different Ranks
Cantt Areas
Fixed Salaries
Check Posts (Conquered Cities)
Appointment of Head of Military
Military in Different Cities
Taxes In Hazrat Umar’s Administrtion
Jizya (Indemnity or Defence Tax)Diwan al KharajNon Muslims48 24 12
(Zakat(Poor Tax) Diwan al-Zakah
Khiraj(Land Tax); Diwan al Kharaj
Ushr (Special land Tax);
Taxes In Hazrat Umar’s Administrtion
War Booty –Ghanima (Income from the conquered places)-Diwan al-Jund
Ushoor 10 percent Resident Non Muslim 5 %
ReekazTax on Land Mines and Treasure Troves
Ushoor & Reekaz (Diwan al Bareed & Diwan al Khatm)
Education Department
Schools
Salaries for Teachers
Educational Developments all over the State
Police Department
First one to introduce Police Force
Prison
Fixed Salaries
Financial Department
Ghanima
Bayt ul Maal
Salaries
Collection of revenue
Salaries for Financial Department Employees
Construction Canals
Populated Cities
He was also the first to make use of the whip for corporal punishment and set up a prison.
He introduced a system of collecting direct information concerning the State.
He established a secret intelligence service.
He had wells bored, built houses
Fixed a daily payment for the destitute among the Christians and the Jews.
Develpoments
Introductions
Hijri CalendarFixed Salaries for Men involved in voluntary
serviceCensus system, Measuring of the land and keeping its
record He was first to allow traders of rival
countries to enter Muslim territories for the purpose of business.
Formal Taraweeh Prayers
Departments
Military Department
Tax Deptartments
Education Department
Police Deparmtment
Financial Department
Shurah (Advisory Council)
Higher Advisory Council
General Advisory Council
3rd Advisory CouncilBetween The Higher & General Advisory Council
Departments
Military Department
Tax Deptartments
Education Department
Police Deparmtment
Financial Department
Higher Advisory Council Important Decisions of the State
Permanent MembersHadrat Uthman, Ali, 'Abdur Rahman bin Auf, Mu'adh bin Jabal, Ubayy bin Ka'b, Zaid bin Thabit, Talha and Zubair (Raziallah Anho).
General Advisory CouncilGeneral Matters
Ansar & MuhajireensThe Companions who participated in the battle of Badr were given priority in this "Shura.In this "Shura" were also included the chiefs of various clans and tribes.
Departments
Military Department
Tax Deptartments
Education Department
Police Deparmtment
Financial Department
3rd Advisory Council Ranked between the other two ShurasSome selected Companions among the Muhajirin and AnsarMatter of Special Interest
The Way to call the Shura:
As-Salatu Jami'ah," in the Prophet's Masjid
Summary
"Amongst the nations before your time, there have been inspired people (who were not Prophets), and if there is one amongst my Ummah, he is Umar".
- (Bukhari and Muslim)
Saying of Hazrat Muhammad (SAWW) about Hazrat Umar (RA)