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«ВИРОЩУВАННЯ ВИСОКОПРОДУКТИВНИХ
БІОЕНЕРГЕТИЧНИХ КУЛЬТУР ТА СПІВПРАЦЯ
У ЗДІЙСНЕННІ ПІЛОТНИХ ПРОЕКТІВ В
БІОЕНЕРГЕТИЦІ»
Гументик Михайло Ярославович, к. с-г. н., завідуючий лабораторією
технології вирощування та переробляння біоенергетичних культур для
виробництва біопалива.
HIGH YIELD BIOENERGY CROPS
FOR BIOFUELS PRODUCTION IN UKRAINE
Myhailo Gumentyk,
PhD in Agricultural Sciences,
Chief of the Laboratory for Growing and Processing
of Bioenergy Crops on Biofuels
2 TILLAGE STRUCTURE ON THE LAND QUALITY IN
UKRAINE
Jointly 32 mil. ha
*
Total emissions for conventional fuel, used as the basis of comparison in amount of 83.8 g (CO2 eq) / MJ
PROSPECTS OF HIGH YIELD BIOENERGY CROPS DEVELOPMENT,
STUDIED ON THE BASE OF RESEARCH STATIONS NAAS UKRAINE
Bioenergy crop
Liquid types of
biofuel (ethanol,
butanol, biodiesel)
Biogas
(methane)
Solid types of biofuel
(fuel granules, pellets)
Sugar sorghum (Sorghum saccharatum) Х Х Х
Soryz (Hybrid of sorghum and rice) Х Х Х
Maize (Zea mays L.) Х Х Х
Triticale (Triticosecale) Х Х Х
Topinabmur (Helianthus tuberosus L) Х Х Х
Rape (Brassica campestris ) Х Х Х
Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris saccharif.) Х Х
Chicory (Cichorium intubus L) Х Х
Columbus Grass (Sorghum almum Porodi) Х Х
Miscanthus (Miscanthus giganteus L) Х Х
Willowy Millet “Switchgrass" (Panicum virgatum L) Х Х
Schavnat (Rumex patientia L.×Rumex tianshаnicus A.Los. ) Х Х
Perennial Sida (Sida hermаphrodita) Х Х
Bioenergy crop
Liquid types of
biofuel (ethanol,
butanol, biodiesel)
Biogas
(methane)
Solid types of
biofuel (fuel
granules,
pellets)
Mallow (Malva crispa L.) Х Х
Amaranth (Amaranthus paniculatus L) Х Х
Ginger (Camelina Sativa (l.) Crantz) Х Х Х
Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) Х Х Х
Soybean (Glycine max Moench) Х Х Х
Bean (Vicia faba) Х Х Х
Topisunflower (HellianthustuberosusL x Helianthusannus L.) Х Х
Sylfiya pronyzanolysta (Silphium perfoliatum L.) Х Х
Kozlyatnyk eastern(Galega oritalis L.) Х Х
Highlander Sakhalin (Polygonum sachalinense F. Schmidt) Х Х
Hemp Srednerussky type (Cannabis L.) Х Х
Energy willow (Salix viminalisL) Х
Poplar (Populus alba) Х
YIELD OF MAIN BIOENERGY CROPS IN UKRAINE
23%
10%
26%
10%
30%
22%
25%
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
Sugar beet (roots)
Sugar beet (beet leaves)
Chicory (roots)
Chicory (beet leaves)
Sugar sorghum
Miscanthus
Switchgrass
Yield capacity, centner/ha
Dry matter Water
9 sorts and hybrids: • А. Sacchariflorus
• А. Sinensis
• А. Sinensis early hybrid
• А. Sinensis new hybrid
• А. Sinensis late hybrid
• А. Gigantеus
• А. Ferne Osten
• Holiaf
• Grossfontein
Miscanthus (Miscanthus A.) is a perennial energy crop of the family of cereal. This crop concerns to
C4 type of photosynthesis, which includes about 40 species.
Miscanthus is highly eco-friendly culture: after four years of growing it accumulates 15 - 20 tons of
underground biomass, which is equivalent to 7,2 - 9,2 t / ha of carbon. Duration of plantation use is about
20 years, commercial cultivation - 15 years.
Low operating costs allow growing of open wide possibilities in the crops usage for the production
of solid biofuels. Dry biomass yield is 15-20 t / ha. Biomass can be harvested annually using conventional
forage harvesters, the resulting mass can go directly to heat generation or be processed into briquettes/
pellets. It is recommended to grow it on unproductive soils that are not suitable for growing other crops.
Miscanthus Plant Collection (Miscanthus A.)
Miscanthus Reproduction
Method of
reproduction
Reproduction
coefficient
Cost
UAH/piece
Coefficient of
establishment, %
Yield of planting material
from 1 plant
over 1 year over 2 years
By rhizomas 10 0,5 95 10 100
By seedlings 1000 4,0 95 1000 1000
in vitro
Open soil
In Vitro Method of Reproduction of Miscanthus
Weight of
1000 seeds, g
Field
germination of
seeds, %
Seeding rate
kg/ha
Yield capacity
of seeds, kg/ha
Cost of seed,
UAN/kg
1,2 - 1,6 55 2,4-10 220 - 560 80
Seeds of Willowy Millet “Switchgrass”
9 sorts and hybrids :
• L. Kanlow
• L. Dacotach
• L. Nebraska
• L. Sunburst
• L. Alamo
• L. Forestburg • L. Cave-in-Rock
• L. Shelter
• L. Carthage
Willowy Millet (Panicum virgatum L.) is one of the perennial rhizocarpous crops that is grown in
order to obtain biomass. Plant ‘s height, depending on variety of climatic conditions, is 100 - 250 sm.
It concerns to C4 type of photosynthesis. It is notable for rationally usage of nitrogen and moisture.
The crop’s capacity ranges from 6 tons of dry matter in North European soils with low fertility to 25 tons
for South European soils with high fertility.
When it’s given good care, it gives yield for over 15 years. Willowy Millet comes from North
America, where in wild conditions it grows along 55º north latitude up to Mexico, mostly as prairie grass.
Since early 90s it is started considered as grass energy crop to produce ethanol and electricity in the
United States and Canada, as well as raw material for the pulp industry.
Willowy Millet Collection (Panicum virgatum)
Year of
growth
Number of stems,
pieces
Plant height,
cm
Diameter of
handles, cm
Length of
handles, cm
Multiplication
factor, pieces
1 year 1-2 1,4-1,6 0,6-1,0 25 5-8
2 year 2-3 2,8-3,0 1,4-1,8 25 15-20
Reproduction of Seedlings (Handles) of Energy Willow "Salix"
20 types of Energy Willow:
• S. Viminalis L.×S. Purpurea L.)×(S. Caspica Pall.×S. Caprea L.
• S. Viminalis L.
• S. Triandra L.
• S. Triandra L.
• S. Matsudana Vill.
• S. Cinerea L.
• S. Purpurea L.×S. Viminalis L.
• S. Caspica Pall.
• S. Viminalis L.×S. Acutifolia Mild.
• S. Acutifolia Mild.
• S. Alba L.
• S. Alba L.
• S. Uralensis L.
• S. Alba L. F. Splendes
• S. Caspica Pall.×S. Purpurea L.
• S. Integra×S. Acutifolia Mild.
• S. Repens L.
• S. Caspica Pall.×S. Caprea L.
• S. Cangensis L.
• S. Viminalis L.×S. Caprea L.
Genus of Willow (Salix L.)
combines woody dioecious
plants of a variety of shapes and
sizes, from mighty trees of 30 m
altitude and diameter of 1.3 m
(white willow) to small shrubs
(polar and Austrian willow).
Naturally in Ukraine there grow
20 species of willow.
Energy Willow (Salix) Collection
April 2011 August 2013
Energy Willow (Salix) (Handles planting and the second year of vegetation)
Row spacing in a plot (a), cm
Distance between plots (b = 2 m)
70 100 150
Number of plants, thousand pieces/ha 15 13 12
a
b
The scheme of planting
a
New Research Areas of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet (IBC&SB)
of National Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Ukraine (NAAS)
The use of local renewable energy sources for state and municipal
transfer to biological fuels "Municipal bioenergetics ".
Research and development of technology for the processing of
organic biomass, agricultural wastes and specifically grown energy crops
biomass for production of solid biofuels.
Design and implementation of power equipment for production of
heat and power, based on fossil raw materials, thermal conversion and
low-speed plasma.
Creation of new varieties and hybrids of bioenergy crops, on using
of high yield genetically modified crops and genetic engineering.
An important element of technology for
biofuel production is the raw material
preparation. It influences on structural and
technological performance of heating
equipment, which significantly affects the
economic performance of its work.
Specialists of the institute conduct
researches on technology of moist granulation
and low-temperature pyrolysis of organic raw
materials.
Innovation Activities and New Research Directions in IBC&SB NAAS
Researches on the
development of second
generation biofuels from
bioenergy crops that are
embodied in the creation of
new technologies for biofuel
production and their burning.
Particularly, the burning of
organic material in a stream of
high-frequency plasma and
high-energy production of
synthesis gas.
Research on the plant
introduction of new high yield
bioenergy crops with emphasis
on the more complete potential
use of photosynthetic active
radiation (PAR) and integrated
use of all organic biomass for
production of different biofuels.
Growing of Bioenergy Crops by invitro method
CONCLUSIONS:
*Network of scientific research stations of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet NAAS Ukraine has in its possession the sufficient supply of land (within 3-5 thousand ha), also there is the scientific and technical potential for growing of large quantities of high yield plants, located at favorable soil and climatic zones for pilot projects.
* Priority in the field of bioenergy belongs to creation of nurseries for reproduction of seeds, seedlings, cuttings of bioenergy crops to obtain high quality products.
* It is investigated that the cultivation of traditional high yield energy crops (sugar beets, corn, sunflower) provides an average output power of 140-150 GJ / ha per year.
*Wood species for example (willow and poplar), characterized by intensive growth, give an average output power of 180-200 GJ / ha once every three years.
*Growing of new high yield bioenergy crops in Ukraine, for example, miscanthus, switchgrass, sugar sorghum can provide energy output for two years - 200-250 GJ / ha per year, which amounts to 30-40% more than traditional crops.
PROPOSALS
*The scientific staff of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar
Beet NAAS has the sufficient land fund and scientific
engineering potential in the implementation and execution of
pilot projects.
*Development of economic, energy and environmental feasibility
of technologies for biofuels production.
*Recommendations for making the right choice of specific and
varietal composition for growing of bioenergy crops, depending
on the region of cultivation, processing and end consumer.
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!