• image structures: rain shafts, cold pools, gusts• Separate rain fall velocity from air velocity– turbulence retrieval – microphysical retrieval
• Diurnal and MJO composite statistics– rain frequency and type– cloud and subcloud turbulence– shallow cumulus cloud top heights
3-mm W-band Doppler radar
motion-stabilized ≤ 0.5 degrees
O2 deck view
2-μm HRDL High-resolution Doppler lidar
Revelle cloud and boundary layerDoppler remote sensing
Simon de Szoeke, Alan Brewer, Chris Fairall
0
10
20
Shallow PPIHigh PPIShallow RHIZenith
minutes
HRDL lidar scanning
Both instruments sample features in the atmosphere as they pass over.• Mean winds, turbulence, and
spatially/temporally evolving wind field• Motion stabilized Doppler radial/vertical
velocities.
6 kmrange
W-band cloud radarContinuously points at zenith
Revelle cloud and boundary layerDoppler remote sensing
Simon de Szoeke, Alan Brewer, Chris Fairall
• HRDL and W-band cloud radar measure rain and clear air velocities:– coherent fronts and flows– turbulence
• Separate rain fall velocity from air velocity– Pinsky et al. (2010) air velocity retrieval– cloud and subcloud turbulence
• Combine with areal precipitation statistics from TOGA C-band radar.– composite over MJO convective &
suppressed events
NOAA W-band cloud radar
October 19 hour (UTC)
Kelvin-Helmholtzbillows
Doppler width (m/s)
Doppler velocity anomaly (m/s)
• Stratiform precipitationhas steady fall velocity.•makes air velocity
visible to radar.• DYNAMO has ~100
hours of stratiform rain.
imaging fronts with radar and lidar
radar vertical velocity Processing shows Nyquist-unwrapping and subtracting stratiform rain fall speed.
lidar horizontal velocitiesSpatial sampling by lidar RHI and PPI scans show the front passing over the ship in radial Doppler velocity and backscatter retrievals.
lidar RHI
lidar PPI
radar vertical
A
B
B
B
A
A
see Alan Brewer’s talk and poster
Doppler velocity anomaly (m/s) use to diagnose turbulence
f–5/3
vertical velocity turbulence spectra
heig
ht (k
m)
S2 (m
2 s–1
)