Industries :-
Industries
Made By:
Himanshu Baid
Class: VIII A
Roll No:12
Introduction:
Iron and Steel Industry in India is on an upswing because of the
strong global and domestic demand.
India's rapid economic growth and soaring demand by sectors like
infrastructure, real estate and automobiles, at home and abroad,
has put Indian steel industry on the global map.
According to the latest report by International Iron and
Steel
Institute (IISI), India is the 4th largest steel producer in the
world.
Processing of iron and steel
MINING
Mining is the first step in the production of iron and
steel.
Earth is excavated deep in search of iron ore.
Breaking and cutting of iron ore takes place to receive raw
iron.
Raw Materials from the iron ore are put in a particularly hot
fire lead in the embers of the fire.
This is done to get the mixture of Iron Ore and Charcoal that is
burnt with the help of a blast of air from hand worked
bellows.
History of Iron and Steel Industry in India
Iron and Steel industry in the country has experienced a
sustainable growth since the independence of the country.
A humble beginning of the modern steel industry was reached in
India at Kulti in West Bengal in the year 1870.
But the outset of bigger production became noticeable with the
establishment of a steel plant. It started plant in Jamshedpur in
Bihar in 1907. It started production in 1912.
The new township was named after Jamshed ji Tata.
It was, however, only after Independence that the steel
industry was able to find a strong foothold in the country.
Excluding the Jamshedpur plant of the Tatas, all are in the
public sector and looked after by Steel Authority of India Ltd.
The present scenario of the industry
India has one of the richest reserves of all the raw materials
required for the industry, namely land, capital, cheap labour, iron
ore, power, coal etc.
Yet we are 4th in the world ranking for production of steel.
We produced 66.8 million tonnes in 2010-11, while China, at the
top of the list, produced 626.7 million tonnes.
Our per capita consumption of steel in India (at 50 kg per
annum) is well below the world average (at about 200 kg per annum)
and much below that of the developed world (around 350 kg per
annum).
Indias export of Iron and Steel
Conclusion :
We develop economic as well as engineering indicators for
productivity growth, technical change and energy consumption that
allow us to investigate savings potentials in specific energy use
as well as carbon dioxide emissions. We discuss our findings within
a broader context of structural and policy changes in the sector.
The economic analysis shows that productivity has been decreasing
over time. The decline in productivity was caused largely by
government protection regarding prices and distribution of steel
and by inefficiencies in integrated steel plants that were reserved
to the public sector. With liberalization of the iron and steel
industry productivity increased
substantially to positive growth rates.
We further introduce cost effective and low cost potentials for
reducing energy consumption as well as carbon emissions. In
comparing Indian energy consumption to best practice energy
consumption we show that energy savings of about 50% could be
achieved. However, the implementation of initiatives towards energy
efficiency is being hampered by barriers both of general and
process specific nature occurring at the macro and micro level of
the economy.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
11
WHAT IS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY?
Information technology is the study of engineering computer
applications to support the operation of an organization :
operating , installing and maintaining software and data.
12
BASICS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
COMPUTER
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
CONTENT Technology
CHARACTERISTICS OF A COMPUTER
COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM
MEMORY
UNITS OF MEMORY
STORAGE DEVICES
TYPES OF SOFTWARE
Computer networking
14
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
Communication technology is the study of technology applications
used in telecommunications.
15
Information technology
Humans have been storing, retrieving, manipulating and
communicating information since
theSumeriansinMesopotamiadevelopedwritingin about 3000BC,[5]but the
terminformation technologyin its modern sense first appeared in a
1958 article published in theHarvard Business Review; authorsHarold
J. Leavittand Thomas L. Whisler commented that "the new technology
does not yet have a single established name. We shall call it
information technology (IT)."
Their definition consists of three categories: techniques for
processing, the application of statistical and mathematical methods
to decision-making, and the simulation of higher-order thinking
through computer programs.
CONCLUSION:-
The evolution of information technology reached a turning point
with the development of the Internet. Once a government project,
the Internet was created for military purposes. Through the course
of its development, researchers began finding other uses for the
network, and use of the technology spread worldwide. Access to the
Internet today by individuals, businesses, and institutions alike
has created a global market for Internet service and has spurned an
increase in productivity in the technological communication
field.
Opening & Cleaning(Picker)
Carding
Stages/Sectors In Textile:
Raw Material
Carding & Combing
Dyeing
Spinning
Winding
Re-Winding
Knitting
Finishing
Garmenting
Packaging
Factors
Geographical factors
Land availability of cheap price
Raw material
Climate
Availability of water
Availability of energy resources
Socio- economic factors
Capital
Skilled labor
Transport and communication facilities
Market and demand
Government patronage
Management & other factors
Global Textiles Fact Sheet
PRODUCTION OF FIBRESIndia(Million Kg)Raw cotton4122Man-made
fibre1023 PRODUCTION OF YARNCotton yarn2272Total spun
yarn3223Man-made filament yarn1109
Worlds Major Cotton Producers
ChinaUSIndiaPakistanUzbeikistanTurkeyOthers0.250.210000000000000210.120000000000000028.0000000000000224E-26.000000000000013E-24.0000000000000105E-20.25
WHAT IS COTTON TEXTILE INDUSTRY
Thetextile industryorapparel industryis primarily concerned with
the production of yarn, andclothand the subsequent design or
manufacture ofclothingand their distribution. The raw material may
be natural, or synthetic using products of thechemical industry.
The textile industry grew out of theindustrial revolutionin the
18th Century asmass productionof yarn and cloth became a mainstream
industry.[7]
In 1734 inBury, Lancashire,John Kayinvented theflying shuttle
one of the first of a series ofinventionsassociated with the cotton
industry. The flying shuttle increased the width of cotton cloth
and speed of production of a single weaver at aloom.[8]Resistance
by workers to the perceived threat
to jobs delayed the widespread introduction of this technology,
even though the higher rate of production generated an increased
demand.
History And Development
Handicraft & Household Industry
Weaving dyeing & printing
Machine fabrication
