Transcript
Page 1: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING TECHNOLOGY

Interaction of Academy and Industry in Computer Research

Ninghui Sun & Yungang BaoICT, CAS2008.10

Intel China Research Forum ‘08 – ICRC 10 Year Anniversary

Page 2: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING

TECHNOLOGY

Today’s Topic

Turing Award

Nobel Prize

Commercial Benefits

Fundamental Research

Applied Research

Computer Research

Page 3: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING

TECHNOLOGY

Overview

A View on Interaction of Academy and Industry

Page 4: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING

TECHNOLOGY

Sources of GDP Growth

IT Related Sources had increased to about 42% in GDP growth rate.

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

1948-73 1973-89 1989-95 1995-04

Ann

ual C

ontr

ibut

ion

(%)

Labor Input Non-IT Capital Input IT Capital Input Non-IT Production IT Production

Source: Information Technology and the World

Economy, Dale W. Jorgenson and Khuong Vu,

Scandinavian Journal of Economics, December

2005.

Page 5: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING

TECHNOLOGY

The Economic Impact of IT Economists have recognized the important role that information

technology (IT) can play in a country/region's development.

The IDC’s study found that spending on IT reaches $1.24 trillion in 2007 worldwide and IT drives significant growth in skilled jobs.

Source: The Economic Impact of IT, Software, and the Microsoft

Ecosystem on the Global Economy, IDC White paper,

October 2007.

Conclusion 1: Information technology (IT) has already played an important role in global development.

Page 6: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING

TECHNOLOGY

What guarantee IT’s speed?

Car = IT industry Engine = Frontier Research Transmission = Technology Commercialization

Transmission

Engine

Page 7: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING

TECHNOLOGY

Frontier Research Fundamental Research (or Basic Research)

Which is research carried out to increase understanding of fundamental principles. Many times the end results have no direct or immediate commercial benefits. However, in the long term it is the basis for many commercial products and 'applied' research. (From wikipedia)

Applied Research Which is research accessing and using some part of the research communities'

(the academy's) accumulated theories, knowledge, methods, and techniques, for a specific, often state, commercial, or client driven purpose. Applied research is often opposed to pure research in debates about research ideals, programs, and projects.

High impact techniques in IT: Mouse, Internet, Micro-processor, TCP/IP, WWW, …

We adopt the term Frontier Research (FR) to present the effective computer research.

Source: Frontier Research: The European Challenge

High-Level Expert Group Report, February 2005

Page 8: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING

TECHNOLOGY

Features in Computer Research Long-term

There is a long, unpredictable incubation period (10+ yrs) between initial fundamental research and commercial deployment.

Experimental work Experimental work plays an important role in IT research. Principal Investigator: visionary, risky, management

E.g., David Patterson, John Hennessey, …… Unanticipated results

The unanticipated results are often as important as the anticipated results. E.g., e-mail & IM

Interaction of research ideas The interaction of research ideas multiplies their impact.

E.g. VLSI & RISC, Graphic & Network & Workstation. Commercialization

IT technologies are easier to be commercialized.

Page 9: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING

TECHNOLOGY

Startup of Computer Research

1946 : The ENIAC was unveiled.

1961 : The IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center was founded.

1965 : The Department of Computer Science were founded in Stanford University and CMU.

The frontier research in computer science was booming…Years

Page 10: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING

TECHNOLOGY

Source: Innovation in Information Technology,National Research Council Press, 2003.

The computer flourished through the frontier research of academy

and industry.

The relationship between academy

and industry seems complicated!

Page 11: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING

TECHNOLOGY

How to classify the arrows?

Arrows between universities and companies

Arrows from FR to products and markets

Arrows from one technology to other technologies

Page 12: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING

TECHNOLOGY

What do we learn?

University CompanyNeed 3~5 years

FR ProductsNeed 5~10 years

FR $1B MarketNeed 10~15 years

Page 13: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING

TECHNOLOGY

Conclusion 2: The interactions between Universities/Labs and Companies on FR advance IT’s development.

Conclusion 3: It takes 10+ years to make FR’s outcomes grow up to $1B markets.

Corollary 1: Never Fight Alone!

Corollary 2: Be patient!

Some Conclusions

Page 14: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING

TECHNOLOGY

Universities’ Efforts in FR

$1B+ Industry1 Timesharing2 Client/ server3 Graphics4 Entertainment5 I nternet6 LANs7 Workstations8 GUI9 VLSI design

10 RI SC processors11 Relational DB12 Parallel DB13 Data mining14 Parallel computing15 RAI D disk arrays16 Portable comm.17 World Wide Web18 Speech recognition19 Broadband last mile

Total 7 2 2 3 2 5 1 2 4 1 3 1 3

From Berkeley View

Page 15: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING

TECHNOLOGY

Companies’ Efforts in FR

$1B+ Industry1 Timesharing2 Client/ server3 Graphics4 Entertainment5 I nternet6 LANs7 Workstations8 GUI9 VLSI design

10 RI SC processors11 Relational DB12 Parallel DB13 Data mining14 Parallel computing15 RAI D disk arrays16 Portable comm.17 World Wide Web18 Speech recognition19 Broadband last mile

Total 9 5 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 …

From ICT View

Page 16: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING

TECHNOLOGY

Conclusion 4: FR is a luxury human actions. University/Institute have inherent advantages in FR. Companies’ R&D mainly focus on product development.

Corollary 3: Except for IBM, Companies who take great zeal for FR may be split, purchased or disappeared.

Some Corollary

Page 17: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING

TECHNOLOGY

Criteria of FR Contribution Two general criteria to evaluate the FR’s

contributions Paper Citations

CiteSeer, Google Scholar, Microsoft Libra Industry Impact

FR’s outcomes are adopted by industry directly.

Page 18: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING

TECHNOLOGY

41 papers with high industry impact selected from 25 years of ISCA (ACM,1998)

Average citation ≈ 160.8 8 times of avg. citations of all ISCA papers (20.3).

Conclusion 5: Paper citation indicates industry impact

Page 19: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING

TECHNOLOGY

University is the main force and has higher citations.

Papers Proportion Avg. Citation

Avg. Citation (Highest & Lowest Removed)

Company 7 17.0% 154.1 111.6Univ. & Comp. collaboration 5 12.2% 129 120

Company Related 12 29.2% 143.7 120.3University 29 70.8% 179.2 158.6

Conclusion 6: University focus on long-term fundamental research. Company focuses on short-term but pivotal research.

Page 20: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING

TECHNOLOGY

Lifetime of Industry Impact

Computer industry makes fast progress dramatically, so the impact lifetime of FR varies.

Impact-Lifetime

Citation of “Active Message: A Mechanism for Integrated Communication and Computation”

Limin Xiao, Mingfa Zhu, Active Messages on the Dawning-1000 ,1996

Page 21: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING

TECHNOLOGY

A Case Study: ICT Phase 1: 1950s~1980s

For missions of national strategy. No interaction.

Phase 2: 1980s~2000s ICT transferred the FR technology to China industry.

Single arrow.

Phase 3: Y2000 ~ Now Interactions of academy and industry have been arising in China.

More coordinates with international companies.

Page 22: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

中国计算机事业的摇篮

Established in 1956 First computing research institute in China

1956

Phase 1

Page 23: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING

TECHNOLOGY

103 机

第一台小型通用数字电子计算机First Computer in China1800 次 / 秒(磁心内存)1958 年 8 月

“ 有了”

19561958

夏培肃院士

Page 24: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

第一台自行设计的小型通用数字电子计算机First Self-Design Computer in China250 次 / 秒1960 年 5 月

107 机

电子管

195619581960

Page 25: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

第一台自行研制的晶体管大型通用数字电子计算机First Transistor Computer in China6 万次 / 秒(浮点)1965 年 6 月

109 乙机

晶体管

195619581960

1965

Page 26: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

自行研制的晶体管大型通用数字电子计算机 (115KFlops)Contribute to Design of Atom Bomb/Satellite in China1967 年 9 月

109 丙机

“ 功勋机”

195619581960

19651967

Page 27: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

第一批小规模集成电路通用数字电子计算机First LSI Computer in China 18 万次 / 秒1971 年 5 月

111 机

集成电路

195619581960

19651967

1971

Page 28: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

大型向量中规模集成电路数字电子计算机中国最快的大型计算机Vector Computer 1000 万次 / 秒(向量)1983 年 11 月

757 机

向量机高庆狮院士

195619581960

19651967

1971

1983

Page 29: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

大型计算机系统Mainframe Computer2000 万次 / 秒(主处理机 + 向量机)1991 年 9 月

KJ8920 机

石油行业

195619581960

19651967

1971

1983

1991

Page 30: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

联想式汉字微型机系统 Legend Personal Computer1987 年

LX-PC

倪光南院士

195619581960

19651967

1971

1983

1991

1987

Phase 2

Page 31: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING

TECHNOLOGY

智能中心从这里起步Established in 1990 Supported by 863 High-Tech Program of China

李国杰院士LI Guojie

195619581960

19651967

1971

1983

1991

19871990

Page 32: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING

TECHNOLOGY

Dawning-1195619581960

19651967

1971

1983

1991

19871990

1993

第一台 SMP 服务器First SMP Server in China 168 VAX MIPS1993 年 10 月

SMP

Page 33: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING

TECHNOLOGY

Dawning-1000195619581960

19651967

1971

1983

1991

19871990

19931995 第一台 MPP 超级计算机中国最快的超级计算机

First MPP Supercomputer in China 25 亿次 / 秒 1993 年 10 月

MPP

Page 34: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING

TECHNOLOGY

Dawning-2000195619581960

19651967

1971

1983

1991

19871990

199319951998 第一台 Cluster 高性能计算机

First Cluster HPC in China 200 亿次 / 秒 1998 年 12 月

Cluster

Page 35: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING

TECHNOLOGY

曙光 2000-II1117 亿次 / 秒 2000 年 1 月

195619581960

19651967

1971

1983

1991

19871990

19931995199820002004

曙光 30004032 亿次 / 秒 2001 年 2 月

曙光 4000-L3 万亿次 / 秒 2003 年 3 月

TOP10

曙光 4000-A11.2 万亿次 / 秒 2004 年 6 月

Page 36: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING

TECHNOLOGY

195619581960

19651967

1971

1983

1991

19871990

199319951998200020042008

中国最快的高性能计算机The Fastest HPC in China 233.5 万亿次 / 秒 2008 年 11 月

Dawning-5000

Blade Cluster

Page 37: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING

TECHNOLOGY

ORC: A successful joint project for frontier research

Interaction with IntelPhase 3

Page 38: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING

TECHNOLOGY Objective Provides a leading open source compiler of Intel Itanium

to the compiler and architecture research community

Joint efforts among Programming and System Lab (PSL)/ICRC, Intel CTG Advanced Compiler Technology (ACT) Lab, ICT Sharing IP (arch-independent and arch-dependent)

ORC 2.1 got better: 5% than ECC 7.0 and 30% than GCC 3.1

Open Research Compiler (ORC, 2000~2002)

Page 39: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING

TECHNOLOGY

Contribution to Research Community

University groups using ORC U. Del, U. Minn, U. Ghent, Georgia Tech, U. Maryland, Rice U., U.

Houston, Princeton U., TsingHua U., Peking U., U. Alberta, MIT, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, INRIA, UPC, CAS.

Industry Tensilica: compiler for extensible embedded processor STMicro electronics: compiler for embedded ST200 processor Intel: Research on Speculative multi-thread compiling

Over 15,000 downloads till now at http://ipf-orc.sourceforge.net/

Page 40: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING

TECHNOLOGY

What is ICT’s gain

More joint projects between ICT and Industry Shangri-la project (ICT & Intel) Open64 compiler project (HP, ICT, UDel, and

Tsinghua)

Papers Liu Yang, Sun Chan, G.R.Gao., Roy Ju, Guei-Yuan Lueh, Zhaoqing

Zhang, Inter-Procedural Stacked Register Allocation for Itanium Like Architecture ,Proc. of ACM SIGARCH International Conference of Supercomputing, San Francisco, CA, June 23th -26th, 2003.

Parallel compiler for multi-core and HPC

Page 41: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING

TECHNOLOGY

China’s Puzzle

Frontier Research (adopted from world)

Applied Research

Technology Commercialization

What China has done in the past decades is filling gaps which means that developing the second-class technologies to meet the needs of the Chinese people.

-- Prof. Kai Li Princeton Univ.

Page 42: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING

TECHNOLOGY

Suggestions International companies treat

the FR affairs with Chinese university/Institute not only as the Market Activities.

International collaboration is a significant and essential way for Chinese academy to reach world-class.

Industry should provide more supports for Chinese frontier research, especially facilities.

China Solving the Issues

proposed by International

Advanced Issues proposed by

China

Page 43: Interaction of  Academy and Industry  in Computer Research

INSTITUTE OF COMPUTING

TECHNOLOGY

Thanks !