Transcript
Page 1: Internationaler Motorenkongress 2016 · Influencing factors on particle formation under real driving conditions 129 System influence and requirements for monitoring diesel particulate

Internationaler Motorenkongress 2016

Johannes LieblChristian Beidl Hrsg.

Mit Konferenz Nfz-Motorentechnologie

Proceedings

Page 2: Internationaler Motorenkongress 2016 · Influencing factors on particle formation under real driving conditions 129 System influence and requirements for monitoring diesel particulate

Proceedings

Page 3: Internationaler Motorenkongress 2016 · Influencing factors on particle formation under real driving conditions 129 System influence and requirements for monitoring diesel particulate

Ein stetig steigender Fundus an Informationen ist heute notwendig, um die immerkomplexer werdende Technik heutiger Kraftfahrzeuge zu verstehen. Funktionen,Arbeitsweise, Komponenten und Systeme entwickeln sich rasant. In immer schnel-leren Zyklen verbreitet sich aktuelles Wissen gerade in Konferenzen, Tagungenund Symposien in die Fachwelt. Den raschen Zugriff auf diese Informationen bie-tet diese Reihe Proceedings, die sich zur Aufgabe gestellt hat, das zum Verständnistopaktueller Technik rund um das Automobil erforderliche spezielle Wissen in derSystematik aus Konferenzen und Tagungen zusammen zu stellen und als Buch inSpringer.com wie auch elektronisch in SpringerLink und Springer für Professio-nals bereit zu stellen.Die Reihe wendet sich an Fahrzeug- und Motoreningenieure sowie Studieren-de, die aktuelles Fachwissen im Zusammenhang mit Fragestellungen ihres Ar-beitsfeldes suchen. Professoren und Dozenten an Universitäten und Hochschulenmit Schwerpunkt Kraftfahrzeug- und Motorentechnik finden hier die Zusammen-stellung von Veranstaltungen, die sie selber nicht besuchen konnten. Gutachtern,Forschern und Entwicklungsingenieuren in der Automobil- und Zulieferindustriesowie Dienstleistern können die Proceedings wertvolle Antworten auf topaktuelleFragen geben.

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Johannes Liebl � Christian BeidlHerausgeber

InternationalerMotorenkongress 2016

Mit KonferenzNfz-Motorentechnologie

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Moosburg, Deutschland

ISSN 2198-7432 ISSN 2198-7440 (electronic)ProceedingsISBN 978-3-658-12917-0 ISBN 978-3-658-12918-7 (eBook)DOI 10.1007/978-3-658-12918-7

Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Natio-nalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.deabrufbar.

Springer Vieweg© Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden 2016Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung,die nicht ausdrücklich vom Urheberrechtsgesetz zugelassen ist, bedarf der vorherigen Zu-stimmung des Verlags. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Bearbeitungen, Über-setzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und die Einspeicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischenSystemen.Die Wiedergabe von Gebrauchsnamen, Handelsnamen, Warenbezeichnungen usw. in diesemWerk berechtigt auch ohne besondere Kennzeichnung nicht zu der Annahme, dass solcheNamen im Sinne der Warenzeichen- und Markenschutz-Gesetzgebung als frei zu betrachtenwären und daher von jedermann benutzt werden dürften.Der Verlag, die Autoren und die Herausgeber gehen davon aus, dass die Angaben und Infor-mationen in diesem Werk zum Zeitpunkt der Veröffentlichung vollständig und korrekt sind.Weder der Verlag noch die Autoren oder die Herausgeber übernehmen, ausdrücklich oderimplizit, Gewähr für den Inhalt des Werkes, etwaige Fehler oder Äußerungen.

Gedruckt auf säurefreiem und chlorfrei gebleichtem Papier.

Dr. Johannes Liebl

Darmstadt, Deutschland

Prof. Dr. Christian BeidlInstitut für VerbrennungskraftmaschinenTechnische Universität Darmstadt

Springer Vieweg ist Teil von Springer NatureDie eingetragene Gesellschaft ist Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH

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V

HERZLICH WILLKOMMEN

Wer die gesamte „Well-to-Wheel“-Kette betrachtet, stellt schnell fest: Der Verbren-nungsmotor und seine Kraftstoffe sind auch heute nicht wegzudenken, wenn es gilt, Pkw und Nutzfahrzeuge anzutreiben. Die Erkenntnis, dass die Elektrifizierung der Fahrzeugantriebe sich nur evolutionär entwickeln kann, sichert dem Verbrennungs-motor weiterhin die Pole-Position als Schrittmacher in eine Mobilität mit geringen Schadstoffemissionen.

So gilt es, vom Dreizylinder-Pkw- bis zum Achtzylinder-Nfz-Motor, neben verschie-denen technologischen Optimierungsmöglichkeiten, weitere verborgene Potenziale in den Bereichen Mechanik, Ladungswechsel, Verbrennung, Abgasnachbehandlung und Wärmemanagement zu heben. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Entwicklungsaufgaben veranstalten ATZlive und das VDI Wissensforum zum dritten Mal gemeinsam den Internationalen Motorenkongress.

Die Vorträge der zweitägigen Veranstaltung bieten Ihnen wieder die gewohnte techni-sche Tiefe. Die enge Verzahnung der Pkw- und Nfz-Motorentechnologie – letztere als Konferenz im Kongress zur passgenauen Ansprache der Teilnehmer konzipiert – för-dert den Erfahrungsaustausch zwischen Pkw- und Nfz-Entwicklern. Am Ende des ers-ten Tages möchten wir in einer Podiumsdiskussion mit Vertretern aller Verbren-nungsmotorsparten die Chancen einer gemeinsamen Entwicklung bewerten.

In einem speziell ausgerichteten Vortragsstrang steht das Gesamtsystem „Verbren-nungsmotor und Kraftstoffe“ im Mittelpunkt. Hier können Sie sich einerseits über den aktuellen Stand der Entwicklung von Kraftstoffen für eine nachhaltige Mobilität informieren sowie andererseits die systemische Abhängigkeit der Verbrennungs-motoren- und Kraftstoffentwicklung beurteilen.

Mit diesem technisch in die Tiefe gehenden Programm komplettiert der 3. Internatio-nale Motorenkongress 2016 wieder die etablierten Tagungen der Automobilbranche. Wir freuen uns, Sie in Baden-Baden begrüßen zu dürfen und wünschen Ihnen interes-sante und anregende Tage.

Im Namen der beiden Programmbeiräte Pkw- und Nfz-Motorentechnologie

Dr. Johannes Liebl Wissenschaftlicher Leiter des Kongresses, Herausgeber ATZ | MTZ | ATZelektronik

Prof. Dr. Christian Beidl Konferenzleiter Nfz-Motoren-Programm, TU Darmstadt

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VII

INHALT

PLENUM

Keynote Lecture: Matter of character or pabulum? The role of IC engines in shaping next-generation powertrains

3

Keynote Lecture: The challenge for fuels for the future

5

Keynote Lecture: Sustainable and increasingly efficient road transport for the next generations – continuous improvement through an integrated approach

7

Passenger car and truck engines – a comparison from a thermodynamics point of view

9

TEIL I: PKW-MOTORENTECHNOLOGIE

INNOVATIVE KONZEPTE

3-motor HEV powertrain for super sport 23

Vehicle integration of a new engine concept for 48 Volts – opportunities for efficiency improvement and optimization of the overall system complexity

31

AUFLADUNG

Heavily downsized gasoline demonstrator 73

Extreme downsizing for gasoline engines – fun to drive with extremely low emissions

91

Potential of air gap motors to realize electrically assisted turbocharging, Cross-Charger® – turbo by wire

109

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Inhalt

VIII

ABGASNACHBEHANDLUNG

Influencing factors on particle formation under real driving conditions

129

System influence and requirements for monitoring diesel particulate filters without particulate matter sensors

143

THERMODYNAMIK DIESELMOTOR

Technologies for (pilot) injection quantity control in modern common rail diesel engines

163

Effect of diesel injector tip deposits on transient spray behavior 185

Concept for lower raw engine emission covering full engine map operation

195

REIBUNG I

Simulation-based RNT measurements for oil supply optimization at the connecting rod bearing

219

Dynamics and friction of a rolling bearing crankshaft – method and calculation

235

Wear behavior of engine components affected by soot 237

LADUNGSWECHSEL UND VERBRENNUNG

Passenger car diesel engine for 2020 / 25 – synthesis of classical attributes and novel high-tech innovations

241

Thermodynamic consideration of the Miller cycle on the basis of simulation and measurements

259

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Inhalt

IX

THERMOMANAGEMENT

Assessment of efficient powertrain concepts in real driving conditions

283

Thermal management in vehicle integration 307

THERMODYNAMIK OTTOMOTOR

Experimental studies on spark stability in an optical combustion vessel under flowing conditions

327

3D CFD simulation of the spark ignition process under the consideration of spark channel deflection, diffusion effects, curvature and detailed chemical kinetics

349

Investigation of flame development applying optical metrology in a highly boosted SIDI performance engine for the sports car market

373

REIBUNG II

Optimization of the piston assembly friction 391

A novel approach for valve train reduction 409

MODELLBASIERTE STEUERUNG

Advanced model-based diagnosis of internal combustion engines 413

Control of predefined diesel combustion processes by a burn-rate model

433

KEYNOTE-VORTRÄGE PKW

The future of RDE 453

Current and future challenges in the field of powertrains 455

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Inhalt

X

TEIL II: KRAFTSTOFFE

QUO VADIS KRAFTSTOFFE?

Energy supply for vehicles – can it be regenerative? 461

Review of combustion engine efficiency improvements and the role of e-fuels

463

HERSTELLUNG VON KRAFTSTOFFEN I

Alternative fuels in the well-to-wheel debate 487

Synthetic fuels from biomass: Potentials and viability 489

The sun in the tank? Possibilities and limitations of MtG technology from the chemical perspective

505

HERSTELLUNG VON KRAFTSTOFFEN II

Electric mobility with hydrogen – quiet, efficient and with zero emissions

509

Production of methanol and oxymethylene on an industrial scale 511

Novel methods of synthesis for diesel fuel OME 513

ERFAHRUNGEN MIT ALTERNATIVEN KRAFTSTOFFEN

Contribution of fuels towards reducing CO2 emissions in traffic 517

The new Mercedes-Benz EU VI medium-duty CNG engine in bus operation

519

FORSCHUNG UND MARKTEINSCHÄTZUNG

Oxymethylene ether (OME1) as a synthetic low-emission fuel for DI diesel engines

537

Powertrain mixture 2030 – influencing factors and outlook 555

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Inhalt

XI

TEIL III: NFZ-MOTORENTECHNOLOGIE

RAHMENBEDINGUNGEN UND GRUNDLAGEN

Future HD vehicle requirements due to legislation and effects on CO2 and air quality

561

Experimental studies of dual-fuel combustion modes for heavy-duty application

577

GASMOTOREN

Progress in the development of natural gas high pressure direct injection for Euro VI heavy-duty trucks

591

Reduction of in-cylinder emissions on a dual-fuel engine 609

Safeguarding the reliability of natural gas engines for commercial vehicles

627

MOTORSUBSYSTEME

Controllable cooling system for heavy-duty commercial vehicles 645

Safety concept for a HD on-road waste heat recovery 663

Electrically assisted turbocharging in long-haul truck application 679

EMISSIONIERUNG

Potential of the SCRF® concept for future legislation 709

New combustion system meeting Tier 3 emission standards for emerging markets

725

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Inhalt

XII

MOTORKONZEPTE

Validation of a 4-cylinder engine concept for heavy-duty vehicles with a parameterized model

741

Challenges in the development of high performance engines for the off-highway sector

761

KEYNOTE-VORTRÄGE NFZ

Robustness-related development of MAN’s D38 heavy-duty engine

781

Powertrain technology for commercial vehicles – a look beyond 2020

783

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XIII

REFERENTEN

Dr. Nikolai Ardey BMW AG

Klaus Dieter Barnstedt Institute of Internal Combustion Engines and Thermodynamics, Graz University of Technology, Austria

Prof. Dr. Martin Bertau Institute of Technical Chemistry, TU Bergakademie Freiberg

Ron Borsboom DAF Trucks NV, Netherlands

Torsten Buddenberg Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems Europe GmbH

Dr. Heiner Bülte DEUTZ AG

Fabio Cococcetta FPT Motorenforschung AG, Switzerland

Prof. Ph.D. Roger Cracknell Shell Global Solutions (UK)

Prof. Dr. Peter Eilts Institute of Internal Combustion Engines, TU Braunschweig

Dr. Norman Fuhrmann GM Powertrain Engineering – Europe

Dr. Thomas Garbe Volkswagen AG

Dr. Christof Gietzelt TÜV SÜD AG / TÜV Hessen GmbH

Dr. Holger Gödeke G+L innotec GmbH

Stefan Graf Institute of Internal Combustion Engines, TU Munich

Prof. Dr. Jens Hadler APL Group

Martin Härtl Institute of Internal Combustion Engines, TU Munich

Prof. Dr. Stefan Hausberger Institute of Internal Combustion Engines and Thermodynamics, Graz University of Technology, Austria

Benjamin Hibberd MAHLE Powertrain Limited, UK

Prof. Dr. Dr. Rolf Isermann Institute of Automatic Control and Mechatronics, TU Darmstadt

Dr. Eberhard Jacob Continental Emitec GmbH

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Referenten

XIV

Jens Jörns IAVF Antriebstechnik GmbH

Prof. Dr. Kurt Kirsten APL Group

Andreas Kleber MAHLE Behr GmbH & Co. KG

Mike Lau Eaton Germany GmbH

Thomas Leitel MAN Truck & Bus AG

Dr. Thomas Lengenfelder Robert Bosch GmbH

Christian Lensch-Franzen APL Automobil-Prüftechnik Landau GmbH

Bernd Lindemann FEV GmbH

Heiko Maas Ford Forschungszentrum Aachen GmbH

Ian May Brunel University London, UK

Peter Methfessel Institute for Combustion Engines, RWTH Aachen University

Lars Mönch German Federal Environment Agency

Torsten Müller Adam Opel AG

Markus Münz Institute for Internal Combustion Engines and Powertrain Systems, TU Darmstadt

Ph.D. Patric Ouellette Westport Innovations, Canada

Dr. Heinz Petutschnig AVL List GmbH, Austria

Dr. Holger Pieta FEV GmbH

Dr. Reza Rezaei IAV GmbH

Thomas Rinkens FEV GmbH

Duraiarasan Saravanan Mahindra 2 Wheelers, India

Prof. Dr. Jörg Sauer Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

Lukas Schäfer BMW AG

Prof. Dr. Birgit Scheppat Wasserstoff- und Brennstoffzellen- Initiative Hessen e. V.

Dr. Frank Schlerege Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG

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Referenten

XV

Dr. Thomas Schlick Roland Berger GmbH

Patrick R. Schmidt Ludwig-Bölkow- Systemtechnik GmbH

Andreas Schneider Robert Bosch GmbH

Dr. Eberhard Schutting Institute of Internal Combustion Engines and Thermodynamics, Graz University of Technology, Austria

Dr. Markus Schwaderlapp, DEUTZ AG

Hans Felix Seitz AVL List GmbH, Austria

Dr. Gudmund Smedler Johnson Matthey Plc, UK

Dr. Helfried Sorger AVL List GmbH, Austria

Fabian Titus MOT GmbH

Hirokazu Toyoshima Honda R&D Co., Ltd., Japan

Dr. Tolga Uhlmann FEV GmbH

Johannes Ullrich Hyundai Motor Europe Technical Center GmbH

Gerhard Urmann Daimler Buses – EvoBus GmbH

Dr. Wolfgang Warnecke Shell Global Solutions (Deutschland) GmbH

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PLENUM

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3

Keynote Lecture: Matter of character or pabulum? The role of IC engines in shaping next-generation powertrains

Dr. Nikolai Ardey, Co-Author: Geert Schmitz, both BMW AG

Zum Zeitpunkt der Drucklegung lagen diese Unterlagen noch nicht vor. Wir bitten um Verständnis.

© Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden 2016 J. Liebl, C. Beidl (Hrsg.), Internationaler Motorenkongress 2016, Proceedings, DOI 10.1007/978-3-658-12918-7_1

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5

Keynote Lecture: The challenge for fuels for the future

Dr. Wolfgang Warnecke, Shell Global Solutions (Deutschland) GmbH

Zum Zeitpunkt der Drucklegung lagen diese Unterlagen noch nicht vor. Wir bitten um Verständnis.

© Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden 2016 J. Liebl, C. Beidl (Hrsg.), Internationaler Motorenkongress 2016, Proceedings, DOI 10.1007/978-3-658-12918-7_2

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7

Keynote Lecture: Sustainable and increasingly efficient road transport for the next generations – continuous improvement through an integrated approach

Ron Borsboom, DAF Trucks NV, Netherlands

Zum Zeitpunkt der Drucklegung lagen diese Unterlagen noch nicht vor. Wir bitten um Verständnis.

© Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden 2016 J. Liebl, C. Beidl (Hrsg.), Internationaler Motorenkongress 2016, Proceedings, DOI 10.1007/978-3-658-12918-7_3

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9

Passenger car and truck engines – a comparison from a thermodynamics point of view

Peter Eilts, TU Braunschweig, Institut für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen

© Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden 2016 J. Liebl, C. Beidl (Hrsg.), Internationaler Motorenkongress 2016, Proceedings, DOI 10.1007/978-3-658-12918-7_4

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Passenger car and truck engines – a comparison from a thermodynamics point of view

10

Introduction Large bore engines generally have lower specific fuel consumptions than automotive engines. Within the latter truck engines show lower figures than passenger car en-gines. In a project funded by the FVV a comparison of different Diesel engines was carried out. In the following the focus is on the passenger car and the truck engine. A complete discussion can be found in [1] and [2]. Similar investigations have also been carried out by [3]

Performance Data Besides a passenger car (PCE) and a commercial vehicle engine (CVE) three large bore engines (LBE) were investigated. The data of the engines are presented in the ta-ble below.

Engine type PCE CVE LBE Number of Cylinders [-] 4 6 7 18 9 Displacement [L / Cylinder] 0.5 2.0 32.2 32.2 88.6 Bore [mm] 81 135 320 320 430 Stroke [mm] 95.5 150 400 400 610 Stroke / Bore- Ratio [-] 1.18 1.11 1.25 1.25 1.42 Compression ratio [-] 16.5 16.8 14.5 14.5 15.5 Mean Piston Speed [m/s] 12.7 9.5 10.0 10.0 10.2 Rated Mean Effective Pressure [bar]

15.5 21.2 23.8 24.9 27.1

Injection System Common-Rail Pump-Line-Nozzle The following figures show the main operating data. For the automotive engines they were taken at the engine speed of best specific fuel consumption, for the large bore engines they were taken at rated speed.

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Passenger car and truck engines – a comparison from a thermodynamics point of view

11

Figure 1: Specific fuel consumption

Figure 1 shows the specific fuel consumption. The truck engine has lower figures than the passenger car engine. At part load it is even better than the best large bore engine.

Figure 2: Boost pressure

BSFC

[g/kW

h]18

020

022

024

026

028

0

MEP [bar]0 5 10 15 20 25 30

B = 430 mm B = 320 mm, 18V B = 320 mm, 7L B = 135 mm B = 81 mm

Boos

t pre

ssur

e [mb

ar]

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

MEP [bar]0 5 10 15 20 25 30

B = 430 mm B = 320 mm, 18V B = 320 mm, 7L B = 135 mm B = 81 mm

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Passenger car and truck engines – a comparison from a thermodynamics point of view

12

Figure 2 shows the boost pressure. It is higher for the truck engine.

Figure 3: Scavenge pressure difference

Figure 3 shows the scavenge pressure difference, which is lower for the truck engine, due to its lower turbocharger efficiency, Figure 4.

Figure 4: Turbocharger efficiency

Scav

enge

pres

sure

diffe

renc

e [mb

ar]

-400

-200

020

040

060

080

010

00

MEP [bar]0 5 10 15 20 25 30

B = 430 mm B = 320 mm, 18V B = 320 mm, 7L B = 135 mm B = 81 mm

Turb

ocha

rger

effic

iency

[%]

2535

4555

6575

MEP [bar]0 5 10 15 20 25 30

B = 430 mm B = 320 mm, 18V B = 320 mm, 7L B = 135 mm B = 81 mm

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Passenger car and truck engines – a comparison from a thermodynamics point of view

13

Figure 5: Air ratio

Figure 5 shows the total air ratio and the one for combustion. For the automotive en-gines they are the same, for the large bore engines they are different due to scaveng-ing. The truck engine has a higher air ratio than the passenger car engine due to its higher charge air pressure.

Figure 6: Maximum Cylinder pressure

Figure 6 shows the maximum cylinder pressure. It is lower for the truck engine.

Air R

ratio

[-]

1.02.0

3.04.0

5.0

0 5 10 15 20 25 30MEP [bar]

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

B = 430 mm B = 320 mm, 18V B = 320 mm, 7L B = 135 mm B = 81 mm

Total Combustion

Max.

pres

sure

in cy

linde

r [ba

r]25

7512

517

522

5

MEP [bar]0 5 10 15 20 25 30

B = 430 mm B = 320 mm, 18V B = 320 mm, 7L B = 135 mm B = 81 mm

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Passenger car and truck engines – a comparison from a thermodynamics point of view

14

Separation of Losses As a next step a separation of losses was carried out. The method of Weberbauer [4] was used, but the individual efficiency losses were represented as quality grades ac-cording to the scheme shown in Figure 7. The most important effects are shown in the following.

Figure 7: Separation of losses: scheme

Figure 8: Separation of losses: real gas properties

Quali

ty gr

ade b

y rea

l gas

prop

ertie

s [-]

0.81

0.84

0.87

0.90

0.93

MEP [bar]0 5 10 15 20 25 30

B = 430 mm B = 320 mm, 18V B = 320 mm, 7L B = 135 mm B = 81 mm

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Passenger car and truck engines – a comparison from a thermodynamics point of view

15

Figure 8 shows the quality grade by real gas properties. It is higher for the truck en-gine due to its higher air ratio.

Figure 9: Separation of losses: real ROHR

Figure 9 shows the quality grade by real ROHR. Here the passenger car engine has an advantage.

Figure 10: Separation of losses: wall heat losses

Quali

ty gr

ade b

y ROH

R [-]

0.88

0.90

0.92

0.94

0.96

0.98

MEP [bar]0 5 10 15 20 25 30

B = 430 mm B = 320 mm, 18V B = 320 mm, 7L B = 135 mm B = 81 mm

Quali

ty gr

ade b

y wall

heat

losse

s [-]

0.80

0.83

0.86

0.89

0.92

0.95

MEP [bar]0 5 10 15 20 25 30

B = 430 mm B = 320 mm, 18V B = 320 mm, 7L B = 135 mm B = 81 mm

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Passenger car and truck engines – a comparison from a thermodynamics point of view

16

Figure 10 shows the quality grade by wall heat losses. It is lower for the truck engine, which is mainly due to the higher air ratio and the resulting lower gas temperature. The dependence on the cylinder bore ( ~ B-0.2) also plays a role. The lower surface- volume-ratio of large engines, which is often said to be the main reason for their low-er wall heat losses, is compensated by their lower speed and therefore longer time for one working cycles.

Figure 11: Separation of losses: wall heat losses: mechanical efficiency, indicated efficiency

Figure 11 finally shows the mechanical and the indicated efficiency. Both are better for the truck engine which explains its lower bsfc. The higher indicated efficiency re-sults from the higher quality grades shown above. The better mechanical efficiency can be attributed to the lower mean piston speed of the truck engine and its size.

Summary Within an FVV project a comparison of the working cycles of Diesel engines of dif-ferent size was carried out. Besides a passenger car and a truck engine three large bore engines were investigated. In this paper the focus was laid on the automotive engines.

The truck engine has a lower specific fuel consumption which is on the one hand due to its higher air ratio, which results in more favourable gas properties and lower wall heat losses. On the other hand the mechanical efficiency of the truck engine is better. This can be attributed to the lower mean piston speed of the truck engine and its size.

Mech

anica

l effic

iency

[-]

0.70

0.75

0.80

0.85

0.90

0.95

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Indica

ted ef

ficien

cy [-

]0.4

10.4

30.4

50.4

70.4

90.5

1

MEP [bar]0 5 10 15 20 25 30

B = 430 mm B = 320 mm, 18V B = 320 mm, 7L B = 135 mm B = 81 mm

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Passenger car and truck engines – a comparison from a thermodynamics point of view

17

References 1. Wolf, R..: „Technologietransfer zur Übertragung von CO2- und Schadstoffemis-

sionspotentialen zwischen verschiedenen Motorarten“, final report to the corre-spondent research project, Forschungsvereinigung Verbrennungskraftmaschinen e.V. (FVV), Frankfurt am Main, Germany, 2013.

2. Wolf, R. and Eilts, P.: „Comparison of Fuel Consumption and Emissions of Auto-motive and Large-Bore Diesel Engines”, SAE Int. J. Engines 7(1):2014, doi:10.4271/2014-01-1100.

3. Lecompte, M., Malbec, L., Font, G., and Walter, B., "How to Improve Light Duty Diesel Based on Heavy Duty Diesel Thermodynamic Analysis?", SAE Technical Paper 2013-01-1623, 2013, doi:10.4271/2013-01-1623.

4. Weberbauer, F.; Rauscher, M., Kulzer, A., Knopf, M. and Bargende, M., “Allge-mein gültige Verlustteilung für neue Brennverfahren”, MTZ 66: 120-124, 2005.

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TEIL I PKW-MOTORENTECHNOLOGIE

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