IoT e Aplicações em Smart Cities: Presente e Futuro
Antônio M. Alberti
IOT - INTERNET OF THINGS
“Coisas” que se comunicam, armazenam e processam dados com o mínimo de interferência humana, integradas a rede mundial de computadores.
WEARABLES - VESTÍVEIS
Dispositivos vestíveis pelas pessoas.
Máquinas que coletam dados e atuam sobre às pessoas.
SMART OBJECT - OBJETO INTELIGENTE
Software que representa/espelha uma “coisa” física.
Serviço representante
(c) Antonio Alberti, Inatel, 2014.
VERY OFTEN, PEOPLE CITE MOORE'S LAW AS AN EXAMPLE OF LAW CAPABLE OF PREDICTING
TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS IN COMPUTING POWER.
Gordon Moore, 2004.Co-funder of Intel Corp.
(c) Antonio Alberti, Inatel, 2014.
MORE RECENTLY, RAYMOND KURZWEIL PRESENTED A THEORY FOR TECHNOLOGICAL EVOLUTION AND A NEW LAW THAT EXPANDS MOORE LAW TO DESCRIBE THE EXPONENTIAL GROWTH OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES
THE LAW OF ACCELERATING RETURNS
ABUNDANCE: THE FUTURE IS BETTER THAN YOU THINK
PETER H. DIAMANDIS STEVEN KOTLER
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Futurologia
DISRUPTION
SOFTWERIZATION UBERIZATION CLOUD, BIG DATA INTERNET OF THINGS
UBIQUITY
DEVICES EVERYWHERE SMART DUST
MINIATURIZATION
CENTIMETER MICROMETER NANOMETER
INTERNET OF MICRO & NANO THINGS
Anders
?
TECNOLOGIAS ATUAIS
ú BLUETOOTH LOW ENERGY 4.1
ú IEEE 802.15.4
ú IPV6, 6LOWPAN, COAP.
ú ZIGBEE, MQTT, DDS.
ú NFC, EPC GLOBAL.
ú SIGFOX, LORA.
IEEE 802.15.4 MAC
IEEE 802.15.4 PHY
IETF 6LoWPAN
IETF IPv6
IETF TCP/UDP
IETF HTTP/COAP
ApoioIns)tucional
ú ECOSSISTEMA PARA PESQUISA, DESENVOLVIMENTO E INOVAÇÃO
ú SMART LIGHTING
ú SMART PARKING
ú GERENCIAMENTO DE CHAMADOS
FI-PPP - FUTURE INTERNET PUBLIC/PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP
ú LANÇADO PELA COMISSÃO EUROPEIA EM 2011.
ú “É DESTINADO A ACELERAR O DESENVOLVIMENTO E ADOÇÃO DE TECNOLOGIAS DE INTERNET DO FUTURO NA EUROPA, AVANÇANDO O MERCADO EUROPEU DE INFRAESTRUTURAS INTELIGENTES E AUMENTANDO A EFICÁCIA DOS PROCESSOS DE NEGÓCIO ATRAVÉS DA INTERNET”.
FI-PPP - FUTURE INTERNET PUBLIC/PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP
FI-PPP - FUTURE INTERNET PUBLIC/PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP
FI-WARE
ú É A PLATAFORMA TECNOLÓGICA DA INICIATIVA FI-PPP.
ú É UM “ECOSSISTEMA SUSTENTÁVEL ABERTO QUE UTILIZA PLATAFORMA DE SOFTWARE PADRONIZADA PARA FACILITAR O DESENVOLVIMENTO DE APLICAÇÕES INTELIGENTES EM VÁRIOS SETORES, INCLUINDO INTERNET DAS COISAS”.
FI-WARE
Computação em Nuvem + Armazenamento + Redes de Centro de Dados (com suporte para redes definidas por software).
+Componentes de software como serviços (software as a service). Existe um catálogo com centenas de componentes.
Plataforma de big data (hadoop) da Telefônica.
+ Semântica e contexto
Interfaces de programação de serviços (web services) de próxima geração (RESTful, XML, JSON)
= Arquitetura convergente para cidades inteligentes.
Processamento de Eventos
FI-WARE
Fonte: FI-WARE Overview, Juanjo Hierro, Telefônica Digital, 2013.
FI-WAREFI-WARE IoT-M2M & Context/Management altogether
NGSI IoT Adapter
IoT Backend Device Management Backend
Applications
FI-WARE NGSI-9/10
(entities: things)
(entities: things, other) FI-WARE NGSI-9/10
IoT Broker
Device-level Management API
Context Broker
IoT-enabled Context
Management
Backend
BigData Analysis
CEP
Other sources
FI-WARE NGSI-9/10
Gateway/Device Platform GEs
Direct connection for higher performance
Gateway/Device Platform GEs Gateway/Device
Platform GEs Gateway/Device Platform GEs
Native NGSI IoT Agent Native NGSI
IoT Agent
IoT ConfigMan
25 Fonte: FI-WARE Overview, Juanjo Hierro, Telefônica Digital, 2013.
ARQUITETURA PARA IOT
FI-WARE
FI-WARE: CASO DE USO DE NOVA FRIBURGO, RJ
FONTE: https://www.fiware.org/tag/smart-cities/
FI-WARE: CASO DE USO DE NOVA FRIBURGO, RJ
FONTE: https://www.fiware.org/tag/smart-cities/
User-centric
Self-*, Context
Information-centricService-centric
Software-Defined
SecurityPriva
cy
Nam
ing
Name R
esolu
tionVirtualization
Internet of Things
Exposition, Orchestration
Self-Certifying
Life-Cycling
Prot
ocol
Dev
elop
men
t
Mobility ID
/Loc
Spl
ittin
g
Mngt. a
nd Con
trol
Design Space
(2015)
Networks Clouds= +
Telecom & Internet
IT & Web
“Things” +
Machine to machine& Internet ofThings
+
Identity,Credentials,Biometrics
NOSSO MODELO
NOVAGENESIS O QUE É DIFERENTE?
INITIAL CORNERSTONES
ú NAMING ú LIFE-CYCLING
Future Internet of “Things”: The NovaGenesis Model
can use the NB < Domain 1; Gateway 1 > to represent that Domain 1 contains a Gateway 1. In this context,
name resolution consists on resolving a name to other bound names, i.e. to determine the values behind a
certain key. For example, the name Router 1 is bound to the names OS 6 and OS 7, while OS 6 can be resolved to
Process 10 and Process 11.
Fig. 3. Graph of names and their bindings representing entities relationships in computer systems.
3.1.2. Identification, Localization, and Id/Loc splitting
There is no novelty on using names as identifiers or locators on networking. In fact, this is intrinsic to
information and communication technologies (ICTs). However, the adoption of SVNs as identifiers is more
Antony
AA180972… BFEF1216
…
My Smartphone Image.jpg
01011223…
IDENTIFICATION AND LOCALIZATION
LIFE-CYCLING OF ENTITIES
ú THE PROCESS OF EXPOSING, SEARCHING FOR PEERS, NEGOTIATING, CONTRACTING, OPERATING, AND RELEASING.
AntonyApp 1
App 2
ScalifaxMy smartphone
My tablet
My photos repository app
I have Antony photos!
I store Antony photos!
I have Antony photos!
(c) Antonio Alberti 2015, Inatel - All rights reserved.
EXPOSITION AND DISCOVERY
NEGOTIATION
Let’s work together?
Let’s work together?
Let’s work together?
AntonyApp 1
App 2
ScalifaxMy smartphone
My tablet
My photos repository app
SLA
SLA
(c) Antonio Alberti 2015, Inatel - All rights reserved.
INFORMATION EXCHANGING
Here are my photos!
Ok!Here are my photos!
AntonyApp 1
App 2
ScalifaxMy smartphone
Meu tablet
My photos repository app
(c) Antonio Alberti 2015, Inatel - All rights reserved.
PROVENANCE AND TRACEABILITY
AntonyApp 1
App 2
ScalifaxMy smartphone
My tablet(c) Antonio Alberti 2015, Inatel - All rights reserved.
My photos repository app
Photo <-> Repos. App <-> Scalifax <-> My smartphone <-> App 1 <-> Antony
“THINGS” NEED SERVICES TO REPRESENT THEM TOWARDS CONTRACT-BASED
TRUSTABLE SELF-ORGANIZATION
Proxy/Gateways Controllers/Managers
SERVICES SWARMS
SOCIAL “THINGS” SWARMS
IOT - INTERNET OF THINGS
Smart Convergent Information Architecture
Physical World
Self-Organizing Physical World Representatives
PeoplePolicies, Rules, Regulations, etc.
Self-OrganizingAssistants, Controllers, Managers, etc.
Evolutionary Pressures
Environmental Pressures
The Essence of NovaGenesis Model
(c) Antonio Alberti 2015, Inatel - All rights reserved.
Prototype
LIVE DEMO @ SAO PAULO
CAMPUS PARTY JAN. 2015
SCALABILITY@ INATEL AUG. 2015
FIRST TEST@ GENI
SEPT. 2015
Nó#de#Internet#das#coisas##medindo#temperatura#da#sala#
Amostras##de#temperatura#transportadas#sem#TCP/IP,##somente#NG##sobre#Wi<Fi#
Fig. 8. Experimental scenario with: (i) NovaGenesis core services and IoT client application in the left; (ii) the NovaGenesis
embedded proxy/gateway (EPGS) on NXP’s LPC1769 device in the middle; and (iii) a computer with LPCXpressoTM to compile
and deploy the EPGS (plus EventOSTM) image on LPC.
ng -m --cl 0.1 [ < 1 s 28FD4420 > < 4 s 0BD95286 ED12F3ED 7E764DC1 4D623F20 > < 4 s empty empty empty empty > ]
ng -hello --ihc 0.2 [ < 6 s A4324A2D AB9B70B4 57ECEB4F Wi-Fi wlan0 ac:22:0b:c9:df:3b > < 4 s 0BD95286 ED12F3ED
8E8B52EC 7EA46815 > ]
ng -scn --seq 0.1 [ < 1 s 1A81A5E3 > ]
Fig. 9. A “hello” message sent by the PGCS to the EPGS.
ng -m --cl 0.1 [ < 1 s 28FD4420 > < 4 s 4C7CF9B2 5F472DA7 1A53F830 NULL > < 4 s empty empty empty empty > ]
ng -hello --ihc 0.1 [ < 5 s NULL NULL Wi-Fi wlan0 ac:22:0b:13:01:34 > ]
ng -scn --seq 0.1 [ < 1 s 604007EC > ]
Fig. 10. A “hello” message sent by EPGS to PGCS.
5.2. Exposition and Discovery
In this step, both PGCS and client application expose a set of keywords and SVNs to facilitate discovery. Fig.
11 contains a PGCS log capture with an “exposition” message. The target of this message is the PSS, identified
by the tuple 0BD95286 ED12F3ED 8E8B52EC 7EA46815. Every ng –p –b 0.1 command line publishes a name
Future Internet of “Things”: The NovaGenesis Model
a result similar to the previous ones obtained over TCP/IP. Fi-nally, in Figure 21 it is plotted the mean round trip time (RTT)spend by the RMS to subscribe spectrum sensing objects fromPSS/GIRS/HTS. In the first 9 hours, approximately, the RTTremained linear about 5.2 ms. After, it su↵ered a small increaseprobably due to the large amount of sample files stored at theHTS. All the samples have been stored. As a conclusion, wehave successfully demonstrated a straightforward and innova-tive convergence of IoT, FI and cognitive radio.
Figure 18: Fragment of a TCP segment transporting a spectrum sample in JSONformat from SCC to SSS.
5. Conclusions
This paper presented, for the first time, a successful conver-gence of cognitive radio network (CRN), Internet of Things(IoT) and a future Internet architecture (FIA) called Nova-Genesis. We first report the concept and implementation of alow-cost embedded cooperative sensing and cognitive radio ar-chitecture for IoT applications. The proposed technology solu-tion can be considered potential for wireless sensor networks, inwhich software-control is provided using current Internet tech-nology. Moreover, we have experimentally demonstrated theuse of cooperative spectrum sensing based on energy detectionhas overcome the hidden node problem, which is very com-mon in cooperative cognitive radio networks and for sure willbe present on IoT scenarios. An experimental performance in-vestigation based on packet error rate as a function of RSSI hasdemonstrated the e�ciency and applicability of the proposedCRN approach.
Our second contribution relies on the extension of Nova-Genesis with novel services to interoperate with the aforemen-tioned embedded spectrum sensing and software-control ap-proach. In this sense, we reported implementation of two newfuture Internet services: spectrum sensing service (SSS) andresource management service (RMS). SSS interoperates witha sensing cell controller (SCC), which has a GNU radio im-plementation for determining energy level at channels on 915MHz ISM band. The SCC spectrum samples are sent to theSSS using TCP/IP. SSS translates the data objects from JSONformat to NovaGenesis and publishes them to the RMS (with-out TCP/IP). RMS subscribes the data objects according to theirself-verifying names (SVNes). The data objects are transferred
Figure 19: Fragment of a NovaGenesis message transporting a spectrum sampledirectly over Ethernet.
Figure 20: Spectrum sensing output obtained using NovaGenesis as transportnetwork instead of TCP/IP.
Figure 21: Mean spectrum sample subscription RTT from RMS.
in NovaGenesis messages directly over Ethernet. We demon-strated that NovaGenesis provides an equivalent spectrum sens-ing data objects transport service for IoT.
Our experimental proof-of-concept demonstrates severalnovelties that are typically found only in future Internet re-search: (i) exposition and discovery of next generation wire-less services; (ii) contract-based operation with SLA establish-
13
Amostras((transportadas((sem(TCP/IP,((Somente(NG((sobre(Ethernet(
TCP/IP NG TCP/IP
SCC SSS PGCS
NG
PGCSHTS GIRS PSS RMS
SCC - Sensing Cell Controller SSS - Spectrum Sensing Service HTS - Hash Table Service GIRS - Generic Indirection Resolution Service PSS - Publish/Subscribe Service PGCS - Proxy/Gateway/Controller Service RMS - Resource Management Service
LEGEND:
Figure 14: Experimental scenario for the interoperability test of collaborative spectrum sensing with NovaGenesis.
ng -m --cl 0.1 [ < 1 s ... > < 4 s 0BD95286 ED12F3ED 342DD4C5 B8101939 > < 4 s 0BD95286 ED12F3ED 449B0B0C 6FDF0A76 > ]...ng -p --b 0.1 [ < 1 s 2 > < 1 s 19656CF3 > < 1 s 342DD4C5 > ]ng -p --b 0.1 [ < 1 s 1 > < 1 s 19656CF3 > < 1 s Wi-Fi > ]...ng -message --type 0.1 [ < 1 s 1 > ]ng -message --seq 0.1 [ < 1 s 28 > ]ng -scn --seq 0.1 [ < 1 s 78A8DC70 > ]
Figure 15: Exposition of SSS keywords and self-verifying names.
ng -m --cl 0.1 [ < 1 s 28FD4420 > < 4 s 0BD95286 ED12F3ED 342DD4C5 B8101939 > < 4 s 0BD95286 ED12F3ED 449B0B0C 6FDF0A76 > ]ng -p --notify 0.1 [ < 1 s 18 > < 1 s 3182F342 > < 1 s Service_Offer_2026721035.txt > < 5 s pub FC0AF0EB 1449F6D8 1C873D85 6D6CEA2B > ]ng -info --payload 0.1 [ < 1 s Service_Offer_2026721035.txt > ]ng -p --b 0.1 [ < 1 s 2 > < 1 s 3182F342 > < 1 s B8101939 > ]ng -p --b 0.1 [ < 1 s 2 > < 1 s 3182F342 > < 1 s 342DD4C5 > ]ng -p --b 0.1 [ < 1 s 2 > < 1 s 3182F342 > < 1 s ED12F3ED > ]ng -p --b 0.1 [ < 1 s 9 > < 1 s 3182F342 > < 1 s 0BD95286 > ]ng -message --type 0.1 [ < 1 s 1 > ]ng -message --seq 0.1 [ < 1 s 56 > ]ng -scn --seq 0.1 [ < 1 s 63FEFE81 > ]
There is a payload of 971 bytes
Figure 16: Service o↵er from SSS to RMS.
ng -m --cl 0.1 [ < 1 s 28FD4420 > < 4 s 0BD95286 ED12F3ED 342DD4C5 B8101939 > < 4 s 0BD95286 ED12F3ED 449B0B0C 6FDF0A76 > ]ng -p --notify 0.1 [ < 1 s 18 > < 1 s EDD33B4D > < 1 s SSSFile_7.txt > < 5 s pub FC0AF0EB 1449F6D8 1C873D85 6D6CEA2B > ]ng -info --payload 0.1 [ < 1 s SSSFile_7.txt > ]...ng -scn --seq 0.1 [ < 1 s A65E7906 > ]
There is a payload of 446 bytes
Figure 17: Spectrum sensing data being carried in the payload of a publish/notify message.
12
Serviços)desenvolvidos)para)o)protó1po.)
Cognitive Radio in the Context of IoT using a Novel Future Internet Architecture Called NovaGenesis
Services developed for prototype
Spectrum sensing samples transported over NG/Ethernet
Next Scenario for Cognitive Radio for IoT with NovaGenesis
SCC - Sensing Cell Controller SSS - Spectrum Sensing Service PGCS - Proxy/Gateway/Controller Service RMS - Resource Management Service APS - Access Point Service EPGS - Embedded Proxy/Gateway Service POXS - Python OpenFlow Controller Service
SCC
SSS
RMS
APSPOXS
PGCSTI cc2650
momote
802.15.4
BLE
DOCKER COOJA
NÓS VIRTUAIS
Wi-Fi
ICT Lab Vídeos no Youtube
MAIS SOBRE NOSSO TRABALHO?
www.inatel.br/novagenesisWeb site
www.inatel.br/ictlabWeb site