PENGAJARAN DAN
PEMBELAJARAN
ABAD KE 21
DISEDIAKAN OLEH:
MOKHZANI FADIR
SISC+ BAHASA INGGERIS (MENENGAH)
PPD LIPIS
8/1/2014
1
8/1/2014
2
8/1/2014
3
THE WORLD HAS CHANGED
We have moved into a
more demanding cognitive
age, compelling people to
become better at
absorbing, processing and
combining information.
Can we learn to
change with it?
Who might our kindergarten children
be working with on an on-the-job
project in 2025?
8/1/2014
4
8/1/2014
5
GLOBALIZATION IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF
THIS GENERATION
Because of globalization—the ongoing process of
intensifying economic, social, and cultural
exchanges across the planet—young people the
world over need more innovative thinking skills,
cultural awareness, higher-order cognitive skills,
and sophisticated communication and
collaboration skills than ever before.
8/1/2014
6
A CHANGING ECONOMY MAKES
“THINKING SKILLS” MORE IMPORTANT
1900 1950 20000%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Low skill jobs Knowledge work jobs
Source: Partnership for 21st Century Skills http://www.21stcenturyskills.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=254&Itemid=120
8/1/2014
7
21 ST CENTURY WORLD
The Future World of Work
Creative Work — • Research
• Development
• Design
• Marketing/Sales
• Global Supply Chain Management
Source: Partnership for 21st Century Skills http://www.21stcenturyskills.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=254&Itemid=120
8/1/2014
8
Job Outlook 2002, National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE)
8/1/2014
9
7 survival skills in the 21st century;
1.Critical thinking and problem solving;
2.Collaboration across networks and
leading by influence;
3.Agility and adaptability;
4.Initiative and entrepreneurship;
5.Effective oral and written
communication;
6.Accessing and analyzing information;
and
7. Curiosity and imagination.
8/1/2014
10
Di Malaysia, Kementerian telah mengenal pasti kemahiran
abad ke-21 yang sesuai dengan konteks tempatan dan
dapat menyediakan warga Malaysia untuk bersaing pada
peringkat antarabangsa. Untuk itu, kurikulum kebangsaan
bermatlamat untuk melahirkan murid yang seimbang,
berdaya tahan, bersemangat ingin tahu, berprinsip,
bermaklumat,patriotik, serta mempunyai kemahiran
berfikir berkomunikasi, dan bekerja secara berpasukan
KEMAHIRAN ABAD KE 21-KPM
8/1/2014
11
KURIKULUM
8/1/2014
12
8/1/2014
13
Pembelajaran abad ke-20 8/1/2014
14
Pembelajaran abad ke-21
Dipimpin guru Arahan langsung Pengetahuan Kandungan Kemahiran asas Teori Kurikulum Individu Bilik darjah Pentaksiran sumatif Belajar untuk sekolah
Berasaskan murid Pembelajaran kolaboratif Kemahiran Proses Pemikiran Aras Tinggi Praktikal Kemahiran hidup Berkumpulan Komuniti Pentaksiran formatif Belajar untuk kehidupan
Keseimbangan
8/1/2014
15
“sekolah harus menyediakan peluang pendidikan dengan kurikulum berasaskan projek yang autentik dengan keadaan kehidupan sebenar, melibatkan murid menangani dan menyelesaikan masalah kehidupan sebenar serta isu yang penting dalam kehidupan sejagat. Pendidikan yang diberikan harus meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kreativiti murid dan pada masa yang sama membolehkan murid berfikir, menaakul, membuat keputusan yang bijak, bekerja sebagai ahli pasukan dan melihat perhubungan dan perkaitan antara ilmu yang dipelajari merentas kurikulum.”
The American Association of School Administrators (AASA)
8/1/2014
16
Menggunakan teknologi untuk mengakses, mengurus, mengintegrasi dan menilai maklumat, menjana maklumat baru dan berkomunikasi dengan orang lain
Kemahiran hidup & kerjaya
Kemahiran Teknologi
Maklumat, Komunikasi &
Media
Standard &
Pentaksiran
Kurikulum
Pembangunan Profesional
Persekitaran Pembelajaran
• Literasi Maklumat
• Literasi Media
• Literasi Teknologi Maklumat & Komunikasi)
•Kebolehsuaian & fleksibel
•Mempunyai inisiatif dan terarah kendiri
•Kemahiran sosial dan antara budaya
•Produktiviti & akauntabiliti
•Tanggungjawab dan kepimpinan
•Kreativiti & Inovasi
•Pemikiran Kritis dan Penyelesaian Masalah
•Komunikasi & Kolaborasi
Standard kemahiran
Mata pelajaran teras dan tema Abad ke-21
Kemahiran belajar & Inovasi
8/1/2014
17
“Kandungan” bagi Abad ke-21
Kurikulum Teras + Tema • Kesedaran global • Literasi kewangan, ekonomi, perdagangan dan keusahawanan • Literasi sivik • Kesedaran Alam Sekitar • Kesedaran tentang aspek kesihatan & kesejahteraan
8/1/2014
18
Kemahiran belajar abad ke-21
• Kemahiran Maklumat & Komunikasi
– Literasi maklumat & media
– Kemahiran berkomunikasi
• Kemahiran Berfikir Dan Menyelesaikan Masalah
– Pemikiran kritikal dan Bersistem
– Penyelesaian Masalah
– Kreativiti & Semangat Meneroka
• Kemahiran Interpersonal & Arah Kendiri
– Kemahiran Interpersonal dan Kolaborasi
– Arah Kendiri
– Akauntabiliti & adaptasi
– Tanggungjawab Sosial
8/1/2014
19
Perubahan kepada hasrat pendidikan
Konteks pembelajaran baru membawa perubahan kepada apa yang dijangkakan melalui pendidikan dan ini melibatkan:
– Kebolehan berkomunikasi
– Kebolehsesuaian untuk berubah
– Kebolehan bekerja dalam pasukan
– Kesediaan menyelesaikan masalah
– Kebolehan menganalisis dan mengkonsepsikan
– Kebolehan membuat refleksi dan menambah baik
– Kebolehan mengurus kendiri
– Kebolehan mencipta, membuat inovasi dan mengkritik
– Kebolehan untuk belajar sepanjang hayat
– Kebolehan untuk mahir dalam pelbagai bidang (cross specialist )
8/1/2014
20
Kurikulum yang direkabentuk menuntut kita untuk membuat pilihan tentang apakah yang penting pada masa kini bagi membantu pelajar untuk masa depan mereka.
8/1/2014
21
CIRI-CIRI INSAN MURID YANG DIHASRATKAN
Kreatif
Berupaya Membuat Hubung-kait Menyoal
Bijak berkomunikasi
Yakin – mengambil risiko
Dahagakan ilmu
Ingin tahu
Menjana idea
Fleksibel
Tidak berputus asa
Mendengar dan membuat refleksi
Kritikal
Berkemahiran
mampu mencorak
Menguasai kemahiran literasi
Berani Mencuba
Mampu berfikir sendiri
Membuat inisiatif Mampu bekerja dengan orang lain
Membuat perubahan
berintegriti
Berkeperibadian tinggi
Semangat ‘ sentiasa boleh’
Belajar dari kesilapan
Berdikari
8/1/2014
22
RUANG
BILIK DARJAH
8/1/2014
23
Nair and Fielding,
“the ‘early 20th century school design
standard (was) modeled after Henry Ford’s
factory production methods’. Model T.”
8/1/2014
24
It is a philosophy that starts with the assumption
that a predetermined number of students will all
learn the same thing at the same time from the
same person in the same way in the same place
for several hours each day.
(Nair, Fielding); The Language of School Design: Design Patterns
for 21st Century Schools
8/1/2014
25
21st century
classroom
setting
To align physical;
learning space with mental
learning space
Students actively
engaged with their own learning
Developing learning
autonomy
8/1/2014
26
Design for multiple rhythms in the same classroom
Allow every one to be seen and heads
Take advantage of new media
Support the dynamic presentation of information
Design for mentoring and apprenticeship
Design for temporary ownership of space
DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR 21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM
8/1/2014
27
Campfire
A way to learn from experts or storytellers
Watering hole
Learning prom peers
For small group discourse and collaboration
Cave
Places to learn from yourself
For individual study, refelction, quiet reading and creative flow
PRIMORDIAL LEARNING METAPHORS
Collin, Steve; Classroom for the 21st century
8/1/2014
28
Campfire
A way to learn from experts or storytellers
Watering hole
Learning prom peers
For small group discourse and collaboration
Cave
Places to learn from yourself
For individual study, refelction, quiet reading and creative flow
Life
Where you bring it all together and apply is as in the real world
PRIMORDIAL LEARNING METAPHORS
8/1/2014
29
1) Student-centric:
- students play an active role in their learning
and teachers serve as mere guides.
- Put students’ interests first and are focused
on each student’s needs, abilities and learning
styles.
THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A
21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:
8/1/2014
30
THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A
21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:
2 ) Computing devices:
- Computers are readily available in modern
classrooms, since they are essential tools for
21st century students and replace the utilities
of pen and paper.
- Computing devices greatly assist in teaching
and learning and make them more engaging
and effective.
8/1/2014
31
THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A
21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:
3) Active learning:
In modern classrooms, students are actively
engaged in what they learn. Students
participate in more active learning by working
in groups or on computers and complete
projects and other interesting activities that
help them discover new skills.
8/1/2014
32
THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A
21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:
4) Adaptive learning:
Any classroom will always have students of
different types of learning abilities in it which
often makes it difficult for teachers to make
sure that all of them understand the concepts.
8/1/2014
33
THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A
21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:
5) Invitational environment:
The classrooms should not be cramped or
overcrowded. Modern classrooms should have
the basic material required for teaching such
as, interactive whiteboards and LCD projectors
8/1/2014
34
THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A
21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:
6) Students understand and follow the rules
and procedures:
The learning environment is carefully planned
and well-organized. Class rules, procedures,
and notices of upcoming activities are posted
in convenient places to help students stay on
track.
8/1/2014
35
THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A
21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:
7 ) Mutual respect:
- Teachers and students should always have
respect for each other.
- teachers should encourage students to speak
with confidence and value their opinions
- students should also co-operate with and
respect their classmates.
8/1/2014
36
THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A
21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:
8) Students take responsibility of their
learning: As students are encouraged to
actively participate in their own learning, they
become responsible for their learning
8/1/2014
37
THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A
21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:
9) Performance-based assessments:
Regular performance-based assessments are
carried out by teachers through various
methods which are not restricted to tests.
8/1/2014
38
THE TOP 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF A
21ST CENTURY CLASSROOM ARE:
10) Collaborative learning:
Learning through collaboration is one of the
most effective forms of learning.
8/1/2014
39
8/1/2014
40
8/1/2014
41
8/1/2014
42
8/1/2014
43
CAMPFIRE
WATERING HOLE
CAVE
8/1/2014
44
8/1/2014
45
GURU
8/1/2014
46
From primary role as a dispenser of
information to orchestrator of learning
and helping students turn information into
knowledge, and knowledge into wisdom.
8/1/2014
47
8/1/2014
48
8/1/2014
49
8/1/2014
50
8/1/2014
51
8/1/2014
52
8/1/2014
53
8/1/2014
54