PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR Periode LXX, Semester Gasal, Tahun 2016/2017
LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM
TEATER KESENIAN DI SURAKARTA
Tema Desain
ARSITEKTUR NEO-VERNAKULAR
Fokus Kajian
SISTEM KINERJA BANGUNAN YANG MELIPUTI ASPEK AKUSTIK, VISUAL, DAN SPASIAL
Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur
Disusun oleh:
IVANA DWI SANJAYA 12.11.0024
Dosen pembimbing :
Ir. AMS DARMAWAN, MBldg.
NIDN : 0006085001
PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA
September 2016
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR Periode LXX Semester Gasal 2016/2017 Program Studi Arsitektur Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang
Judul : Teater Kesenian di Surakarta
Tema Desain : Arsitektur Neo-Vernakular
Fokus Kajian : Sistem Kinerja Bangunan Meliputi Aspek Akustik, Visual, dan Spasial
Penyusun : Ivana Dwi Sanjaya NIM : 12.11.0024
Pembimbing : Ir. AMS Darmawan, M-Bldg
Penguji : Dr. Ir. Ant Ardiyanto, MT
Ir. Etty Endang Listiati, MT
Ir. BPR. Gandhi, MSA
Semarang, 30 September
Mengetahui dan Mengesahkan
Pembimbing,
Ir. AMS Darmawan, M-Bldg NIDN 0006085001
Penguji, Penguji, Penguji
Dr. Ir. Ant Ardiyanto, MT. Ir. Etty Endang L. MT Ir. BPR. Gandhi, MSA
NIDN 0629056301 NIDN 0617025701 NIDN 0601035401
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR Periode LXX Semester Gasal Tahun 2016/2017 Program Studi Arsitektur Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang
Judul : Teater Kesenian di Surakarta
Tema Desain : Arsitektur Neo-Vernakular
Fokus Kajian : Sistem Kinerja Bangunan Meliputi Aspek Akustik, Visual, dan Spasial
Penyusun : Ivana Dwi Sanjaya NIM : 12.11.0024
Pembimbing : Ir. AMS Darmawan, M-Bldg
Penguji : Dr. Ir. Ant Ardiyanto, MT
Ir. Etty Endang Listiati, MT
Ir. BPR. Gandhi, MSA
Semarang, 30 September 2016 Mengetahui dan Mengesahkan Dekan Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain
Dra. B. Tyas Susanti, MA,Ph.D NIDN 0626076501
Ketua Program Studi Arsitektur
Dr. Ir. Krisprantono NIDN 0616085701
SURAT PERNYATAAN
Yang bertanda tangan dibawah ini saya : Nama : Ivana Dwi Sanjaya NIM : 12.11.0024 Menyatakan bahwa karya ilmiah pada Projek Akhir Arsitektur periode LXX semester gasal TA. 2016/2017 Program Studi Arsitektur, Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain, Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang Judul : Teater Kesenian di Surakarta Tema Desain : Arsitektur Neo-Vernakular Fokus Kajian : Sistem Kinerja Bangunan Meliputi Aspek Akustik, Visual, dan Spasial Pembimbing : Ir. AMS Darmawan, M-Bldg NIDN : 0006085001 Adalah bukan karya plagiasi, Bila dikemudian hari diketemukan tindak plagiasi dalam penyusunan karya ilmiah tersebut, maka pembuat pernyataan diatas siap menerima segala konsekuennya Semarang, Penulis Ivana Dwi Sanjaya NIM : 12.11.0024
i
PRAKATA
Puji dan Syukur dipanjatkan kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas segala
karunia yang telah dilimpahkan, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan
Landasan Teori dan Program (LTP) Proyek Akhir Arsitektur 70 yang berjudul
“Teater Kesenian di Surakarta” ini dengan baik dan tepat waktu. Banyak pihak
yang telah membantu & melancarkan dalam proses penulisan Landasan Teori
dan Program (LTP) ini. Pada kesempatan ini, penulis ingin mengucapkan terima
kasih kepada :
1. Dr. Dra Tyas Susanti, MA selaku Dekan Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain
Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata.
2. Dr. Ir Krisprantono selaku Kaprogdi arsitektur Fakultas Arsitektur dan
Desain Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata.
3. Ir. FX. Bambang Suskiyanto, MT selaku Dosen Koordinator PAA
Periode 70
4. Ir. AMS Darmawan, MBldg. selaku dosen pembimbing yang telah
membimbing dan memberi masukan kepada penulis selama proses
penulisan Landasan Teori dan Program (LTP) ini.
5. Tim Dosen Penguji yang telah memberikan masukan dan kritik yang
sangat bermanfaat.
6. Kedua orang tua dan seluruh keluarga yang telah memberikan
dukungan moril maupun materil sepenuhnya untuk kelancaran proses
penulisan Landasan Teori dan Program (LTP) ini.
ii
7. Serta teman-teman seperjuangan yang telah memberikan dukungan
dalam proses penyusunan Landasan Teori dan Program (LTP) Proyek
Akhir Arsitektur 70.
Landasan Teori dan Program (LTP) ini merupakan salah satu tahap dari
Proyek Akhir Arsitektur yang harus dilewati sebelum melangkah menuju tahap
Desain. Penulis memohon maaf apabila terdapat kesalahan dalam penulisan
Landasan Teori dan Program (LTP) ini. Penulis menyadari masih terdapat
berbagai kekurangan dalam penyusunan. Semoga Landasan Teori dan Program
(LTP) yang berjudul “Teater Kesenian di Surakarta” ini dapat memberikan
manfaat bagi para pembacanya.
September 2016
Penulis
iii
DAFTAR ISI
PRAKATA ...............................................................................................................i
DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................................iii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................vi
DAFTAR TABEL.....................................................................................................xiii
DAFTAR SKEMA DAN DIAGRAM .........................................................................xv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................................1
1.1 Latar Belakang Proyek ....................................................................................1
1.2 Tujuan dan Sasaran Pembahasan ..................................................................3
1.2.1 Tujuan ....................................................................................................3
1.2.2 Sasaran ..................................................................................................4
1.3 Lingkup Pembahasan .....................................................................................4
1.4 Metode Pembahasan ......................................................................................5
1.4.1 Metode Pengumpulan Data ....................................................................5
1.4.2 Metode Penyusunan dan Analisa ...........................................................7
1.4.2.1 Induktif .......................................................................................8
1.4.2.2 Deduktif ......................................................................................9
1.4.3 Metode Pemrograman ............................................................................9
1.4.4 Metode Perancangan Arsitektur .............................................................10
1.4.5 Alur Pikir .................................................................................................12
1.5 Sistematika Pembahasan ................................................................................13
BAB II TINJAUAN PROYEK .................................................................................16
2.1. Tinjauan Umum ...............................................................................................16
2.1.1 Gambaran Umum ...................................................................................16
2.1.1.1 Teater ........................................................................................16
iv
2.1.1.2 Kesenian ....................................................................................23
2.1.2 Latar Belakang – Perkembangan – Trend ..............................................23
2.1.3 Sasaran yang akan dicapai ....................................................................25
2.2. Tinjauan Khusus ..............................................................................................25
2.2.1 Terminologi ..............................................................................................25
2.2.2 Kegiatan (pelaku / fasilitas / prasarana) ...................................................30
2.2.3 Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan Desain ........................................................39
2.2.3.1 Aspek Arsitektural ......................................................................39
2.2.3.2 Aspek Bangunan ........................................................................40
2.2.3.3 Aspek Lingkungan .....................................................................41
2.2.4 Deskripsi Konteks Desa / Kota .................................................................42
2.2.4.1 Uraian Lokasi .............................................................................42
2.2.4.2 Urgensi ......................................................................................48
2.2.5 Studi Komparasi Kasus Proyek Sejenis ...................................................50
2.2.5.1 Institut Seni Indonesia Surakarta (ISI) .......................................50
2.2.5.2 Taman Budaya Jawa Tengah (TBJT) ........................................56
2.2.5.3 Taman Sriwedari ........................................................................62
2.2.6 Permasalahan Desain ..............................................................................64
2.3. Kesimpulan, Batasan, dan Anggapan .............................................................65
2.3.1 Kesimpulan ..............................................................................................65
2.3.2 Batasan ....................................................................................................66
2.3.3 Anggapan.................................................................................................66
BAB III ANALISA PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR .............................67
3.1. Analisa Pendekatan Arsitektur .........................................................................67
3.1.1 Studi Aktivitas ..........................................................................................67
v
3.1.2 Studi Fasilitas ...........................................................................................87
3.1.2.1 Kebutuhan Ruang ......................................................................87
3.1.2.2 Deskripsi Ruang.........................................................................99
3.1.2.3 Pola Hubungan Antar Ruang .....................................................104
3.1.2.4 Studi Besaran Ruang .................................................................107
3.1.2.5 Studi Ruang Khusus ..................................................................134
3.1.2.6 Studi Ruang Kaum Difabel .........................................................144
3.1.2.7 Studi Kebutuhan Lain .................................................................146
3.1.2.8 Studi Citra Arsitektural ...............................................................147
3.2. Analisa Pendekatan Sistem Bangunan ...........................................................148
3.2.1 Studi Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure .......................................................148
3.2.2 Studi Sistem Utilitas .................................................................................156
3.2.3 Studi Pemanfaatan Teknologi ..................................................................168
3.3. Analisa Pendekatan Konteks Lingkungan ........................................................175
3.3.1 Analisa Pemilihan Lokasi .........................................................................175
3.3.2 Analisa Pemilihan Tapak .........................................................................181
BAB IV PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR .......................................................................189
4.1. Konsep Program ..............................................................................................189
4.1.1 Citra Arsitektural ....................................................................................189
4.1.2 Aspek Fungsi .........................................................................................189
4.1.3 Aspek Teknologi ....................................................................................190
4.1.4 Aspek ramah Lingkungan ......................................................................197
4.2. Tujuan Perancangan, Faktor Penentu Perancangan, Faktor Persyaratan
Perancangan ...........................................................................................................197
4.2.1 Tujuan Perancangan ..............................................................................197
vi
4.2.2 Faktor Penentu Perancangan ................................................................198
4.2.3 Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan ..........................................................198
4.2.3.1 Persyaratan Arsitektural .............................................................198
4.2.3.2 Persyaratan Bangunan ..............................................................199
4.2.3.3 Persyaratan Lingkungan ............................................................200
4.3. Program Arsitektur ...........................................................................................201
4.3.1 Program Kegiatan ..................................................................................201
4.3.1.1 Rekapitulasi Besaran Ruang .....................................................201
4.3.1.2 Luas Lahan ................................................................................203
4.3.2 Program Sistem Struktur ........................................................................205
4.3.3 Program Sistem Utilitas .........................................................................213
4.4. Program dan Lokasi Tapak ..............................................................................225
4.4.1 Lokasi / Wilayah Terpilih ........................................................................225
4.4.2 Tapak Terpilih ........................................................................................227
4.4.3 Ruang Terbuka Hijau .............................................................................230
4.4.4 Jenis Pohon Pilihan ...............................................................................231
4.4.5 Bahan Penutup Tanah ...........................................................................231
4.4.6 Pengelolaan Limbah ..............................................................................231
BAB V KAJIAN TEORI ..........................................................................................232
5.1. Kajian Teori Penekanan Desain .......................................................................232
5.1.1 Teori Tema Desain ................................................................................232
5.1.2 Studi Preseden ......................................................................................233
5.1.3 Transformasi Studi Desain .....................................................................235
5.2. Kajian Teori Permasalahan Dominan ..............................................................236
5.2.1 Teori Permasalahan Dominan ...............................................................236
vii
5.2.2 Studi Preseden ......................................................................................240
5.2.3 Transformasi Studi Permasalahan Dominan .........................................243
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...............................................................................................244
LAMPIRAN .............................................................................................................246
viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Amphitheatre Format ...........................................................................17
Gambar 2.2 Ancient Roman ....................................................................................17
Gambar 2.3 Corner Stage Format ...........................................................................18
Gambar 2.4 Olivier auditorium at the National Theatre, London .............................18
Gambar 2.5 End Stage Format ...............................................................................19
Gambar 2.6 Northern Stage, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK .........................................19
Gambar 2.7 In The Round Format ..........................................................................19
Gambar 2.8 The Royal Exchange Theatre, Manchester .........................................19
Gambar 2.9 Proscenium Format .............................................................................20
Gambar 2.10 Wexford Opera House, Wexford, Ireland...........................................20
Gambar 2.11 The Wide Fan Format........................................................................21
Gambar 2.12 The Barbican Theatre, London ..........................................................21
Gambar 2.13 Thrust Stage Format..........................................................................22
Gambar 2.14 The Crucible Theatre, Sheffield .........................................................22
Gambar 2.15 Traverse Format ................................................................................22
Gambar 2.16 National Theatre, Mannheim, Germany.............................................22
Gambar 2.17 Peta Provinsi Jawa Tengah ...............................................................42
Gambar 2.18 Peta Wilayah Administrasi Kota Surakarta ........................................43
Gambar 2.19 Peta Rencana Struktur Ruang kota Surakarta ..................................45
Gambar 2.20 Pintu Gerbang ISI Surakarta .............................................................50
Gambar 2.21 Suasana ISI Surakarta ......................................................................50
Gambar 2.22 Gedung Teater Besar ISI ...................................................................52
ix
Gambar 2.23 Auditorium Teater Besar ISI ..............................................................52
Gambar 2.24 Panggung dan Set Lighting Teater Besar ISI Surakarta ....................52
Gambar 2.25 Gedung Teater Kecil .........................................................................53
Gambar 2.26 Lobby Teater Kecil ISI .......................................................................53
Gambar 2.27 Panggung Teater Kecil ISI .................................................................53
Gambar 2.28 Set Gamelan di Panggung ................................................................53
Gambar 2.29 Pintu Keluar Penonton ......................................................................54
Gambar 2.30 Kursi Penonton dan Ruang Kontrol ...................................................54
Gambar 2.31 Taman Eden ......................................................................................54
Gambar 2.32 Taman Gendhon Humardani .............................................................54
Gambar 2.33 Pendopo ISI Surakarta ......................................................................55
Gambar 2.34 Set Lampu di Pendopo ISI .................................................................55
Gambar 2.35 Set Gamelan di Pendopo ..................................................................55
Gambar 2.36 Kompleks Taman Budaya Jawa Tengah (TBJT) ...............................57
Gambar 2.37 Pendopo Ageng TBJT .......................................................................58
Gambar 2.38 Pendopo Alit TBJT ............................................................................58
Gambar 2.39 Teater Arena TBJT ............................................................................59
Gambar 2.40 Kursi Penonton Teater Arena ............................................................59
Gambar 2.41 Ruang Kontrol Teater Arena ..............................................................59
Gambar 2.42 Set Lampu Teater Arena ...................................................................59
Gambar 2.43 Ruang Galeri TBJT ............................................................................60
Gambar 2.44 Set Lampu Ruang Galeri ...................................................................60
Gambar 2.45 Wisma Seni TBJT ..............................................................................60
Gambar 2.46 Teater Terbuka TBJT ........................................................................61
Gambar 2.47 Pintu Gerbang Taman Sriwedari .......................................................62
x
Gambar 2.48 Pendopo Sriwedari ............................................................................63
Gambar 2.49 Panggung dan Kursi Penonton di Gedung Wayang Orang ...............63
Gambar 3.1 Sightline ...............................................................................................135
Gambar 3.2 (a) Seat Down (b) Seat Tipe ................................................................136
Gambar 3.3 Standar Dimensi Tempat Duduk .........................................................137
Gambar 3.4 Jumlah Kursi Penonton dalam 1 Baris ................................................137
Gambar 3.5 Kebutuhan Ruang Auditorium .............................................................138
Gambar 3.6 Proscenium Format .............................................................................138
Gambar 3.7 Jarak Antar Baris dan Jarak Baris Terdepan dengan Panggung .........139
Gambar 3.8 Denah Auditorium Lt. dasar Kapasitas 650 Pengunjung .....................139
Gambar 3.9 Denah Auditorium Lt. 1 Kapasitas 350 Pengunjung ............................139
Gambar 3.10 Tata Letak Panggung dan Hubungan dengan Penonton...................139
Gambar 3.11 Analisa Pergerakan Pemain di Panggung .........................................140
Gambar 3.12 Analisa Pergerakan Pemain Pentas ..................................................140
Gambar 3.13 Kebutuhan Ruang Pemain Gamelan .................................................141
Gambar 3.14 Kebutuhan Ruang Sinden .................................................................141
Gambar 3.15 Denah Area Panggung dan Area Pemain Musik ...............................143
Gambar 3.16 Denah Gedung Teater Lt. dasar ........................................................143
Gambar 3.17 Denah Gedung Teater Lt. 1 ...............................................................143
Gambar 3.18 Kebutuhan Ruang Kaum Difabel .......................................................144
Gambar 3.19 Kebutuhan Ruang Ramp dan Handrail ..............................................144
Gambar 3.20 Kebutuhan Ruang Kaum Difabel di Toilet..........................................145
Gambar 3.21 Kebutuhan Lift Difabel .......................................................................146
Gambar 3.22 Pondasi Footplat ...............................................................................148
Gambar 3.23 Pondasi Batu Kali ..............................................................................148
xi
Gambar 3.24 Pondasi Strauss Pile .........................................................................149
Gambar 3.25 Raised Floor ......................................................................................149
Gambar 3.26 Struktur Lantai BetoN ........................................................................150
Gambar 3.27 Lantai Keramik ..................................................................................150
Gambar 3.28 Macam-macam parquet.....................................................................150
Gambar 3.29 Lantai Karpet .....................................................................................151
Gambar 3.30 Stone Walkways ................................................................................151
Gambar 3.31 Struktur Kolom Kayu..........................................................................151
Gambar 3.32 Struktur Kolom Beton ........................................................................152
Gambar 3.33 Struktur Kolom Baja...........................................................................152
Gambar 3.34 Struktur Dinding Bata ........................................................................152
Gambar 3.35 Rangka Dinding Kayu ........................................................................153
Gambar 3.36 Rangka Curtain Wall .........................................................................153
Gambar 3.37 Struktur Plafond PVC ........................................................................153
Gambar 3.38 Struktur Plafond Gypsum ..................................................................154
Gambar 3.39 Struktur Kolom Baja...........................................................................154
Gambar 3.40 Atap Konvensional ............................................................................154
Gambar 3.41 Atap Spaceframe ...............................................................................155
Gambar 3.42 Atap Joglo .........................................................................................155
Gambar 3.43 Atap ACP ...........................................................................................155
Gambar 3.44 Atap Bitumen .....................................................................................156
Gambar 3.45 Atap Sirap ..........................................................................................156
Gambar 3.46 Lampu LED .......................................................................................159
Gambar 3.47 Lampu Halogen .................................................................................160
Gambar 3.48 Lampu Fresnel Halogen ....................................................................160
xii
Gambar 3.49 Lampu TL (Fluorescent) ....................................................................160
Gambar 3.50 Exhaust Fan ......................................................................................161
Gambar 3.51 Sistem Kerja AC ................................................................................161
Gambar 3.52 Air Conditioner ...................................................................................162
Gambar 3.52 Kamera CCTV ...................................................................................163
Gambar 3.53 Sistem CCTV .....................................................................................163
Gambar 3.54 Rambu Jalur Evakuasi.......................................................................163
Gambar 3.55 Smoke Detector .................................................................................164
Gambar 3.56 Fire Alarm ..........................................................................................164
Gambar 3.57 Fire Extinguisher ...............................................................................165
Gambar 3.58 Fire Sprinkle ......................................................................................165
Gambar 3.59 Hydrant box dan Hydrant Pole ..........................................................166
Gambar 3.60 Sistem Jaringan Wifi ..........................................................................166
Gambar 3.61 Jenis Penampang Lintang Anak Tangga ...........................................166
Gambar 3.62 Studi Dimenis Anak Tangga ..............................................................167
Gambar 3.63 Kebutuhan Lift yang mencukupi bagi Difabel ....................................167
Gambar 3.64 Sistem Kerja Lift Hidrolik Panggung ..................................................168
Gambar 3.65 Sistem Kerja Lift Hidrolik Panggung ..................................................169
Gambar 3.66 Panggung dengan Sistem Hidrolik ....................................................169
Gambar 3.67 Revolve Stage ...................................................................................170
Gambar 3.68 Pengaplikasian Revolve Stage ..........................................................170
Gambar 3.69 Hemp Fly Gallery ...............................................................................171
Gambar 3.70 Lock Rope .........................................................................................171
Gambar 3.71 Overstage Machinery ........................................................................171
Gambar 3.72 Flytower .............................................................................................172
xiii
Gambar 3.73 Seni Akrobatik ...................................................................................172
Gambar 3.74 Lighting bridge ...................................................................................173
Gambar 3.75 Akses Vertikal Horizontal Lampu Overstage .....................................173
Gambar 3.76 Lampu Side Stage .............................................................................174
Gambar 3.77 Perch .................................................................................................174
Gambar 3.78 Booms ...............................................................................................174
Gambar 3.79 Stage Background LED Display ........................................................175
Gambar 3.80 Peta Rencana Struktur Ruang Kec Jebres ........................................176
Gambar 3.81 Peta Rencana Struktur Ruang kec.Laweyan .....................................178
Gambar 3.82 Batas-batas Tapak 1 .........................................................................182
Gambar 3.83 Vegetasi sekitar Tapak 1 ...................................................................183
Gambar 3.84 Batas- batas Tapak 2 ........................................................................185
Gambar 3.85 Vegetasi sekitar Tapak 2 ...................................................................186
Gambar 4.1 Sistem Kerja Lift Hidrolik Panggung ....................................................190
Gambar 4.2 Sistem Kerja Lift Hidrolik Panggung ....................................................191
Gambar 4.3 Panggung dengan Sistem Hidrolik ......................................................191
Gambar 4.4 Revolve Stage .....................................................................................192
Gambar 4.5 Pengaplikasian Revolve Stage ............................................................192
Gambar 4.6 Hemp Fly Gallery .................................................................................193
Gambar 4.7 Lock Rope ...........................................................................................193
Gambar 4.8 Overstage Machinery ..........................................................................193
Gambar 4.9 Flytower ...............................................................................................194
Gambar 4.10 Seni Akrobatik ...................................................................................194
Gambar 4.11 Lighting bridge ...................................................................................195
Gambar 4.12 Akses Vertikal Horizontal Lampu Overstage .....................................195
xiv
Gambar 4.13 Lampu Side Stage .............................................................................196
Gambar 4.14 Perch .................................................................................................196
Gambar 4.15 Booms ...............................................................................................196
Gambar 4.16 Stage Background LED Display ........................................................197
Gambar 4.17 Pondasi Footplat ...............................................................................205
Gambar 4.18 Pondasi Batu Kali ..............................................................................205
Gambar 4.19 Pondasi Strauss Pile .........................................................................206
Gambar 4.20 Raised Floor ......................................................................................206
Gambar 4.21 Struktur Lantai Beton .........................................................................207
Gambar 4.22 Lantai Keramik ..................................................................................207
Gambar 4.23 Macam-macam parquet.....................................................................207
Gambar 4.24 Lantai Karpet .....................................................................................208
Gambar 4.25 Stone Walkways ................................................................................208
Gambar 4.26 Struktur Kolom Kayu..........................................................................208
Gambar 4.27 Struktur Kolom Beton ........................................................................209
Gambar 4.28 Struktur Kolom Baja...........................................................................209
Gambar 4.29 Struktur Dinding Bata ........................................................................209
Gambar 4.30 Rangka Dinding Kayu ........................................................................210
Gambar 4.31 Rangka Curtain Wall .........................................................................210
Gambar 4.32 Struktur Plafond PVC ........................................................................210
Gambar 4.33 Struktur Plafond Gypsum ..................................................................211
Gambar 4.34 Struktur Kolom Baja...........................................................................21
Gambar 4.35 Atap Konvensional ............................................................................211
Gambar 4.36 Atap Spaceframe ...............................................................................212
Gambar 4.37 Atap Joglo .........................................................................................212
xv
Gambar 4.38 Atap ACP ...........................................................................................212
Gambar 4.39 Atap Bitumen .....................................................................................213
Gambar 4.40 Atap Sirap ..........................................................................................213
Gambar 4.41 Lampu LED .......................................................................................216
Gambar 4.42 Lampu Halogen .................................................................................217
Gambar 4.43 Lampu Fresnel Halogen ....................................................................217
Gambar 4.44 Lampu TL (Fluorescent) ....................................................................217
Gambar 4.45 Exhaust Fan ......................................................................................218
Gambar 4.46 Sistem Kerja AC ................................................................................218
Gambar 4.47 Air Conditioner ...................................................................................219
Gambar 4.48 Kamera CCTV ...................................................................................220
Gambar 4.49 Sistem CCTV .....................................................................................220
Gambar 4.50 Rambu Jalur Evakuasi.......................................................................220
Gambar 4.51 Smoke Detector .................................................................................221
Gambar 4.52 Fire Alarm ..........................................................................................221
Gambar 4.53 Fire Extinguisher ...............................................................................222
Gambar 4.54 Fire Sprinkle ......................................................................................222
Gambar 4.55 Hydrant box dan Hydrant Pole ..........................................................223
Gambar 4.56 Sistem Jaringan Wifi ..........................................................................223
Gambar 4.57 Jenis Penampang Lintang Anak Tangga ...........................................223
Gambar 4.58 Studi Dimenis Anak Tangga ..............................................................224
Gambar 4.59 Kebutuhan Lift yang mencukupi bagi Difabel ....................................224
Gambar 4.60 Peta Rencana Struktur Ruang kec.Laweyan .....................................225
Gambar 4.61 Tapak Terpilih ....................................................................................227
Gambar 4.62 Batas-batas Tapak Terpilih ................................................................228
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Gambar 4.63 Vegetasi sekitar Tapak Terpilih .........................................................229
Gambar 5.1 Bandara Internasional Minangkabau ...................................................233
Gambar 5.2 Detail Atap Bagonjong .........................................................................234
Gambar 5.3 Pengunaan Material pada Bandara Internasional Minangkabau .........234
Gambar 5.4 Tata Peletakan Bangunan pada Kompleks Keraton Surakarta ...........235
Gambar 5.5 Luminasi dan Iluminasi ........................................................................236
Gambar 5.6 Garis Bebas Pandang antar Penonton ................................................237
Gambar 5.7 Garis Bebas Pandang pada Teater .....................................................238
Gambar 5.8 Tata Letak Panggung dan Hubungan dengan Penonton ....................238
Gambar 5.9 Diagram Skala Phon ...........................................................................239
Gambar 5.10 Tabel Kriteria Bising yang direkomendasikan untuk ruang / gedung .239
Gambar 5.11 Auditorio de Tenerife .........................................................................241
Gambar 5.12 Panel Kayu berbentuk Kristalin .........................................................241
Gambar 5.13 Akustik Panel / Layar Konsertina .......................................................242
Gambar 5.14 Aula Simfoni Auditorio de Tenerife ....................................................242
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Pelaku, Aktivitas, dan Kebutuhan Ruang dalam Kompleks Teater ..........31
Tabel 2.2 Fasilitas dan Prasarana dalam kompleks Teater .....................................34
Tabel 2.3 Arahan dan Fungsi Sub Pusat kota Surakarta tahun 2010-2030 ............46
Tabel 3.1 Analisa Kegiatan Pengunjung .................................................................67
Tabel 3.2 Analisa Kegiatan Penyaji .........................................................................68
Tabel 3.3 Analisa Kegiatan Pengelola.....................................................................70
Tabel 3.4 Pengelompokan Sifat Ruang ...................................................................74
Tabel 3.5 Presentase Tujuan Wisatawan Kota Surakarta .......................................82
Tabel 3.6 Jumlah Penyaji dalam Kompleks Proyek ................................................83
Tabel 3.7 Jumlah Pengelola dalam Kompleks Proyek ............................................85
Tabel 3.8 Kebutuhan Ruang dan Persyaratan Ruang .............................................87
Tabel 3.9 Deskripsi Ruang ......................................................................................99
Tabel 3.10 Studi Besaran Ruang ............................................................................107
Tabel 3.11 Kebutuhan Luas Bangunan ...................................................................129
Tabel 3.12 Satuan Ruang Parkir (SRP) ..................................................................132
Tabel 3.13 Macam-macam Struktur Pondasi ..........................................................148
Tabel 3.14 Macam-macam Struktur Lantai .............................................................149
Tabel 3.15 Macam-macam Material Penutup Lantai ...............................................150
Tabel 3.16 Macam-macam Struktur Kolom .............................................................151
Tabel 3.17 Macam-macam Struktur Dinding ...........................................................152
Tabel 3.18 Macam-macam Struktur Plafond ...........................................................153
Tabel 3.19 Macam-macam Struktur Atap ................................................................154
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Tabel 3.20 Macam-macam Material Penutup Atap .................................................155
Tabel 3.21 Skoring Pemilihan Lokasi ......................................................................181
Tabel 3.22 Analisa SWOT Jalan Adi Sucipto ..........................................................184
Tabel 3.23 Analisa SWOT Jalan Bigjen Slamet Riyadi ...........................................187
Tabel 3.24 Skoring Pemilihan Lokasi ......................................................................188
Tabel 4.1 Kebutuhan Luas Bangunan .....................................................................201
Tabel 4.2 Macam-macam Struktur Pondasi ............................................................205
Tabel 4.3 Macam-macam Struktur Lantai ...............................................................206
Tabel 4.4 Macam-macam Material Penutup Lantai .................................................207
Tabel 4.5 Macam-macam Struktur Kolom ...............................................................208
Tabel 4.6 Macam-macam Struktur Dinding .............................................................209
Tabel 4.7 Macam-macam Struktur Plafond .............................................................210
Tabel 4.8 Macam-macam Struktur Atap ..................................................................211
Tabel 4.9 Macam-macam Material Penutup Atap ...................................................212
Tabel 4.10 Analisa SWOT Jalan Adi Sucipto ..........................................................230
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DAFTAR SKEMA
Skema 1.1 Lingkup Pembahasan Proyek terkait Solusi Arsitektural pada Teater ...5
Skema 1.2 Metode Penyusunan dan Analisis .........................................................7
Skema 1.3 Kerangka Pemikiran Metode Induktif ....................................................8
Skema 1.4 Kerangka Pemikiran Metode Deduktif ...................................................9
Skema 1.5 Alur Pikir ................................................................................................12
Skema 2.1 Struktur Organisasi Pengelola Kompleks Teater Kesenian ...................39
Skema 3.1 Pola Kegiatan Datang ...........................................................................77
Skema 3.2 Pola Kegiatan Pulang ............................................................................77
Skema 3.3 Pola Kegiatan Pengunjung ....................................................................78
Skema 3.4 Pola Kegiatan Pengelola .......................................................................78
Skema 3.5 Pola Kegiatan Penyaji ...........................................................................79
Skema 3.6 Pembagian Sesi dalam Satu Pertunjukan .............................................82
Skema 3.6 Sirkulasi Ruang Makro ..........................................................................104
Skema 3.7 Sirkulasi Ruang Mikro Kantor Pengelola ...............................................105
Skema 3.8 Sirkulasi Ruang Mikro Area Pelatihan ...................................................105
Skema 3.9 Sirkulasi Ruang Mikro Area Pertunjukan ...............................................106
Skema 3.10 Sirkulasi Ruang Mikro Perpustakaan ..................................................107
Skema 3.11 Jaringan Air Bersih ..............................................................................156
Skema 3.12 Jaringan Air Kotor ...............................................................................158
Skema 3.13 Jaringan Listrik ....................................................................................158
Skema 3.14 Jaringan Mekanikal Panggung ............................................................158
Skema 3.15 Jaringan Fiber Optik ............................................................................159
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Skema 4.1 Jaringan Air Bersih ................................................................................213
Skema 4.2 Jaringan Air Kotor .................................................................................215
Skema 4.3 Jaringan Listrik ......................................................................................215
Skema 4.4 Jaringan Mekanikal Panggung ..............................................................215
Skema 4.5 Jaringan Fiber Optik ..............................................................................216
DAFTAR DIAGRAM
Diagram 3.1 Data Wisatawan Domestik Kota Surakarta .........................................80
Diagram 3.2 Data Wisatawan Mancanegara kota Surakarta ...................................80
Diagram 3.3 Total Wisatawan Domestik dan Mancanegara kota Surakarta ...........81