Large-Scale Quantitative Analysis of Painting Arts
김영호*,1, 손승우2, 정하웅1,3
1 Department of Physics, KAIST2 Department of applied physics, Hanyang University
3 Institute for the BioCentury, KAIST
Introduction
Summary
Color Usage
Color Palette
Brightness Roughness
Introduction
Summary
FrequencyCounting
FractalAnalysis
SurfaceAnalysis
Cave painting Fresco painting
Modern graffiti
Colorful Dots Colorful Lines
Colorful Surfaces
Stylometry
Literature
Music
14C 15C 16C 17C 18C 19C
Data set
* Source: http://www.wga.hu/
Introduction
Summary
Color Usage
Color Palette
Brightness Roughness
Counting “color usage”
~ 60%
~ 40%
Note* Title: Schloss Wilhelmshöhe with the Habichtswald c. 1800 Oil on canvas Neue Galerie, Kassel * Artist: German painter, Johann Erdmann Hummel (11 September 1769, Kassel — 26 October 1852, Berlin)
P(r)
10-2
10-3
10-4
10-5
10-6
10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100
Normalized rank: r
Null model
P(r)
10-2
10-3
10-4
10-5
10-6
10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100
Normalized rank: r
Null model
100 101 102 103 104 105 106
Rank: r
10-2
10-4
10-6
10-8
10-10
MedievalEarly Renaissance
Northern RenaissanceHigh Renaissance
MannerismBaroqueRococo
NeoclassicismRomanticism
RealismPhotograph
Normalized rank: r
10-2
10-3
10-4
10-5
10-6
10-7
10-8
10-9
10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100
P(r)
Comparison: Painting and Photo
100 101 102 103 104 105 106
Rank: r
10-2
10-4
10-6
10-8
10-10
P(r)
107
NeoclassicismPhotograph
Hyper-realismPhoto: Oil(4,192)×2
Photo: BlurPhoto: Soften
100 101 102 103 104 105 106
Rank: r
10-2
10-4
10-6
10-8
10-10
MedievalEarly Renaissance
Northern RenaissanceHigh Renaissance
MannerismBaroqueRococo
NeoclassicismRomanticism
RealismPhotograph
Normalized rank: r
10-2
10-3
10-4
10-5
10-6
10-7
10-8
10-9
10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100
P(r)
100 101 102 103 104 105 106
Rank: r
10-2
10-4
10-6
10-8
10-10
MedievalEarly Renaissance
Northern RenaissanceHigh Renaissance
MannerismBaroqueRococo
NeoclassicismRomanticism
RealismPhotograph
Normalized rank: r
10-2
10-3
10-4
10-5
10-6
10-7
10-8
10-9
10-6 10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 100
P(r)
Measuring“fractal dimension“in RGB color space
)/(log
)(loglim)(
10
NSdbox
Blue
Red
250200150100
500
50
100
150
200
250 050 Green
100150
200250
Box-
coun
ting
dim
ensi
on3
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.2
2
Period
Box-
coun
ting
dim
ensi
on3
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.2
2
Period
Art historical consideration
In the medieval age …
1. Specific rare pigments were preferred.2. There was no physical mixing technique.
Since then …
1. The oil colors and the color mixing technique.2. New painting techniques
such as Chiaroscuro, Sfumato, Cangiante, …
Note* Title: “Number 20, 1948, 1948”* Artist: American painter, Jackson Pollock (1912-1956)
The
num
ber o
f col
ors
107
106
105
104
103
102
10-3 10-2 10-1 100
Box Size: 1/ε
Jackson Pollock
~ x2.35
Measuring“surface roughness"
Roughness exponent
Brightness
Y-axis
2h(x)r)h(xG(r)
2~ r
255
0
200400
600800
0
200400
600800
1000X-axis
0
Measuring“surface roughness"r
104
103G(r
)
102
100 101 102 103
2α ~0.28
Brightness
Y-axis
255
0
200400
600800
0
200400
600800
1000X-axis
0
0.32
0.28
0.24
0.20
0.16
〈α〉
0.12
Period
2h(x)r)h(xG(r)
2~ r
2h(x)r)h(xG(r)
2~ r
Chiaroscuro
Art historical consideration
Since Renaissance period …
1. The diversification of painting genres2. The new painting techniques
Chiaroscuro
Art historical consideration
Since Renaissance period …
1. The diversification of painting genres2. The new painting techniques
Chiaroscuro
Note* Title: “Number 20, 1948, 1948”* Artist: American painter, Jackson Pollock (1912-1956)
Brightness
X-axisY-axis
Brightness
X-axisY-axis
r
104
103
102
100 101 102 103
2α ~0.28
G(r
)
r100 101 102 103
101
102
103
104
105
G(r
) 2α~0.008
Summary• 8,692 European paintings are analyzed.
• Paintings and photographs can be statistically distinguished by rank-ordered color usage distribution shape.
• The changes of fractal dimension with the times can be historically interpreted as color palette expansion.
• Increasing trend of brightness surface roughness can be described as the art historical renovation of painting techniqueand the diversification of painting genre.
• Jackson Pollock’s drip paintings are close to random images compared to European paintings based on roughness exponent values
Thank you!
Louis Wain (1860-1939)
α0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0
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