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LIV.—African HeriadineBeesT.D.A. CockerellPublished online: 13 Aug 2009.
To cite this article: T.D.A. Cockerell (1946) LIV.—African Heriadine Bees ,Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Series 11, 13:104, 550-567, DOI:10.1080/00222934608654577
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550 Mr. T. D. A. Coekerell on
7.7 (6.5) ; rostrum (incisive alveolus to front of orbit) 4.1 ; zygomatic breadth 11.9 (11) ; breadth of brain-ease at posterior root of zygoma 9.1 (8.5) ; height of brain-case from auditory bulla 9.6 (8.8) ; interorbital breadth 4-8 (5) ; breadth across m3-m a 8.1 (7.9); upper tooth row c-m a 6.2 (6); length of mandible 12.9 (12.2); breadth across canines 6.2 (6).
Remarks. This striking discovery, which I am pleased to name for Mrs. Cansdale, is obviously a distinct West African representative of G. superba of the eastern Belgian Congo. Its distinguishing features are very well marked, but in view of a tendency towards variability in the much simpler pattern in another species of the genus noted by the present author (1946) it is thought best to give the Gold Coast form subspecifie status ~t present. Mr. Cansdale is to be congratulated on the addition of such a remarkable hat to the Gold Coast fauna. He informs me (in litt.) that the animal was found alive on the ground and brought in by natives, to none of whom was it previously known. In the absence of any field observations on the animal itself the significance of such a pattern remains to be explained.
HEFERENCES. HA¥~AN, R. W. 1939. " T w o new Mammals f rom the Belgian
Congo." Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist . (11), iii. pp. 219-224. 1946. " A new Scotonycteris, with Notes on other Gold Coast
Bats ." Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. (11), xii. pp. 766-775.
L I V . - - A f r i c a n Heriadine Bees. By T. D. A. COC~E~]~LL.
W~E~ i first began to describe African Heriades I received a letter from Dr. Hans Brauns, warning me that they were numerous and di~cult . The species described by him do not emphasize this opinion, because he selected those which had conspicuous distinctive characters. Now, after working on these bees for many years, I can well agree with Dr. Brauns, and hope that, with field observations and long series, a future student will adequately revise my work. My impression is that the species are considerably more numerous than I have recognized, but if I have failed to separate some of them, no great harm has been done,
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African Heriadine Bees. 551
There has been a difference of opinion concerning the gender of the name Heriages (by scrim amended to Eriades). Thinking to settle the matter, I consulted an expert Greek and Latin scholar, and he informed me that Heriades could be masculine, feminine, or neuter. He did not mention any other alternative.
Heriade8 ambiguu~, sp. n.
( type).--Length about 5-Smm. ; resembling H. 8cutellatus Friese (specimen from Zululand, received from Fricse, compared), but that species has much longer antennm, narrower face, and wings not dusky apically. Also, our species is without axillary spines.
Black, including mandibles, antennm, tegut~e and legs ; hair of head and thorax white, long and dense on clypeus and sides of face, very thin on thorax above, not forming bands before or behind mesonotum ; head approximately circular seen from in front ; antennae short for a male ; vertex strongly punctured; mesonotum and scutellum shining; area o f metathorax a very narrow channel; wings faintly dusky, the apical region with a weak cloud ; first recurrent nervure joining second submarginal cell a considerable distance from base; legs with much white hair; first two tergites with white hair-bands (on first entire, but considerably broadened at sides), third with no band, fourth with short bands at sides; apical tergites hoary with thin hair.
~.--Length about 6 ram. ; margin of clypeus practically simple ; ventral scopa white ; wings distinctly dusky (but in one specimen clear) ; mesonotum and scutellum shining; axillse not spined; sides of face with white hair.
Nata l : Greytown, Oct. 20, 1931 (J. Ogilvie). One female collected by L. Ogilvie.
This cannot be H. mandibularis Friese, described from Howiek, Natal, as the female mandibles are quite ordinary, bidentate at end, and the male antennm are short, nob nearly reaching the metanotum.
Heriades tenuissimus, sp. n.
O.--Length about 5"5 mm. ; similar to H. ambiguus Ckll., but smaller and more slender ; axillae not spirted ; -central scopa white ; wings hyaline, with the apical half
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perceptibly dusky ; first recurrent nervure ending about as far from base of second submarginal cell as second from apex ; sides of face with dense pure white hair ; supra- clypeal area polished; eyes very dark brown; clypeal margin with two pairs of nodules, separated by a broad, somewhat concave, interval ; mandibles, antennm, tegul~e and legs black ; mesonotum polished between the coarse punctures; anterior face of first tergite not sharply margined; abdominal hair-bands slender, white, very distinct on the shining fourth and fifth tergites.
Iqatal: Greytown, Oct. 20, 1945 (J. Ogilvie). The general appearance is like that of H. wellmani Ckll. H. globiventris Friese differs by the clear wings, and the more robust form, with a larger head. The peculiar clypeal margin is distinctive. The mandibles of H. tenuissimus have an apical tooth or angle, and a very oblique cutting-edge, but the mandible is not elongated, with a long apical tooth, as in H. mandibularis Friese.
Halictus cyclodontus, sp. n.
~.--Length about 5.6 ram. ; aspect of H. tenuissimus Ckll. and H. wellmani Ckll. ; black, including mandibles, antennm and legs ; flagellum rather long and slender for a female ; eyes brown ; head approximately circular seen from in front ; sides of face not densely hairy ; clypeal margin with a series of similar, prominent nodules (style of H. speculiferus Cldl.) ; mandibles broad at end, with two ve ry obtuse, rounded tee th ; mesonotum coarsely punctured, it and the scutellum shining ; axillm unarmed ; wings hyaline; first recurrent nervure joining second submarginal cell near base ; first tergite with conspicuous bands at sides only; second not banded, third to fifth with distinct entire bands ; ventral scopa white.
Natal : Greytown, Oct. 20, 1931 (Alice Mac]tie). Very like H. elliatus Friese, which I have considered to be identical with H. wellmani Ckll., but that species, as described by Friese, has a long head, with a long face, and yellowish ventral scopa.
Two males, with the same data, collected by A. Mackie and L. Ogilvie, appear to belong here. They are about 4.5 ram. long, and very closely resemble H. matopensis Ckll., but the axillm are unarmed. The orbits do not converge below. The mandibles are tridentate, the
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African Heriadine Bees. 553
apical tooth long and sharp, the second very short and rounded (as in the female), the third more pointed.
Heriades nasiferus, sp. n.
~.--Length about 6.7 ram. ; black, including antennae, mandibles, tegulee and legs ; pubescence scanty, white, no distinct patches on face, hairs fringing scutellum very long; head oblong; clypeus minutely denticulate on margin, but in middle with a prominence, which in lateral view appears as a small snout ; mandibles long, bidentatc at end, with a deep channel ending between the teeth, and the two keels below this, very close together ; at the outer side of base of each mandible is a strong triangular prominence ; mesonotum and scutellum shining ; base of metathorax with a narrow channel; wings dusky ; the recurrent nervures joining second submarginal cell very near base and apex ; abdomen with thin indistinct hair- bands ; ventral scopa white ; no axillary spines.
Natal : National Park, l~¢Iarch 3-15, 1932 (Alice Mac]tie). By the clypeal prominence, this resembles the much larger H. braunsi Ckll. and H. mamilliferus Brauns.
Heriades trinodosus, sp. n.
~.--Length about 5-3 mm. ; narrow, black, including antennm, mandibles, tegul~e and legs ; hair of head and thorax scanty, white, conspicuous on sides of face; clypeus exposed, dull, the lower margin with three large shining nodules, the middle one smallest; mandibles unidentate ; mesonotum coarsely punctured, it and the scutellum shining ; wings hyaline, slightly greyish apically ; first recurrent nervure ending near base of second sub- marginal cell ; axillm unarmed ; abdomen with widely interrupted hair=bands on first two tergites, entire, conspicuous ones on third and fourth, an interrupted one on fifth ; ventral scopa white.
Natal : Greytown, Oct. 20, 1931 (Alice Maclcie). By the clypeal structure this falls with H. civicus Ckll., from which it is known by the clear wings and banded abdomen.
H. civicus was described from Cape Town. The general appearance is exactly as in H. tenuissimus
Ckll. and t t . weIlmani Ckll. The latter species has the clypeal margin obscurely nodulose, with a brilliantly shining spot on each side next to eye ; the wings are clear
Ann. & May. 5[. Hist. Set. 11 Vol, xiii, 39
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Heriades heterognathus, sp. n. ~.--Length about 6.5 mm. ; black, including mandibles,
antennm and legs ; head approximately circular seen from n front; front and sides of face with long pale hair,
rather thin and inconspicuous, but in oblique view it is more distinct ; lower margin of elypeus forming a broad arch, with a moderate elevation on each side ; mandibles thick, very coarsely striate, with the upper keel turning upward and ending a considerable distance from the base of the mandible; mesonotum and scutellum polished, with large punctures ; median groove of mesonotum very distinct ; a slender shining band at base of metathorax ; wings hyaline; second submarginal cell receiving first recurrent nervure very near base ; ventral seopa apparently white, but so loaded with orange pollen that the colour cannot be distinctly seen; abdomen with narrow white bands on the margins of the tergites. The axillse are spirted, and the eyes are brown.
Nata l : Greytown, Oct. 20, 1931 (Alice Mackie). A male, supposed to belong to this species, is distinguished by its clear wings, first recurrent nervure very near base of second submarginal cell, polished mesonotum, five entire white hair-bands on abdomen, those on tergites 4 and 5 very distinct ; eyes dark brown. This has the same data, except that it was collected by L. Ogilvie. This species may be compared with H. globiventris Friese, but the elypeus is different, and the face is broader. The male has the abdominal bands much more distinct.
Heriades arcuatus, sp. n.
~.--Length about 7 ram. ; black, including mandibles, antennm and legs; head approximately circular, seen from in front ; sides of clypeus, except upper part, with thin white hair ; between clypeus and eyes, and extending part way up front, is a broad triangle of dense pure white hair; upper part of clypeus shining black, contrasting with the hairy supraclypeal area; margin of clypeus broadly arched or concave, with a prominent nodule at each side ; mandibles with the cutting-edge very oblique, and the two keels parallel ; front dull, but a shining area on each side of ocelli; mesonotum dull, seen from in front, but the posterior part is shining between the large punctures; scutellum highly polished; area of recta,-
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African Heriadine Bees. 555
thorax with a shining r im; tegulm black; wings moderately dusky, not at all reddish ; second submarginal cell long, receiving first recurrent nervure about twice as far from base as second from apex ; ventral scopa dense, pure white; abdomen with slender white bands on tergites 1 to 5, that on first broadly interrupted. A noticeable feature is that the tongue is creamy white. The axillm are spirted.
Nata l : Greytown, Oct. 20, 1931 (Alioe Maclcie). Two males with strongly dusky wings are presumed to belong to this species. The locality and data are the same, but one was collected by J. Ogilvie, the other by L. Ogflvie. The third to fifth tergites are without hair-bands, and the first sternite is simple, with a tuft of hairs. The antennae reach as far as the tegulte.
This species and H. heterognathus are remarkable for having the margin of the clypeus similar to that of the North American H. carinatus Cresson and H. cruciferus Ckll. H. arcuatus may be compared with H. seutellatus Friese, which has a yellowish scopa, and the male has slender hair-bands on the third and fourth tergites.
Heriades pretorii, sp. n. ~.--Length about 4.5 mm. ; black, including mandibles,
antennm and legs; clypeal margin inconspicuously nodulose ; upper part of clypeus highly polished ; sides of face with white hair ; mesonotum and scutellum shining ; axillse not spined ; wings short, faintly dusky, with very small s t igma; first recurrent nervure joining second submarginal cell very near its base ; abdominal bands weak, that on first tergite best developed, but ,failing in middle ; ventral scopa white, very short. The mandibles are broad, with the apical tooth very large and brilliantly shining.
Transvaal : Kruger National Park, Pretorius Kop Gate, Oct. 10, 1901 (Alice Mackie). Similar to H. wellmani Ckll., but easily distinguished by the small stigma. H. albiscopanus Strand, from the " Cape," is apparently very similar to H. pretorii.
Her~ades zimbabwicus, sp. n. eL--Length about 4.5 ram. ; black, including mandibles,
~ntenn~e, tegulm and legs ; pubescence white, dense and 39*
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556 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on
clear at sides of face, thin on sides and apex of elypeus, leaving a central shining area; head circular, seen from in f ront ; margin of elypeus not evidently modified; mandibles quadridendate, the teeth pointed ; mesonotum and scutellum shining between the large punctures ; wings clear; stigma large and black, as in H. wellmani, but compared with that species it has a more slender marginal cell, and the second submarginal cell more produced apieally, the outer bounding nervure with a long straight part, and a much shorter downwardly directed par t ; axillse with strong spines ; abdominal tergites with very weak hair-bands, most evident at sides of first tergite. There is no sulcus on front.
S. Rhodesia: Zimbabwe, Sept. 30, 193I (CockereU). This is close to H. bevisi Ckll., but is distinguished by the mandibles, and the clear wings. The supraclypeal area is dull ; in H. bevisi its lower part is shining. Also, H. bevisi has somewhat dusky wings. The white hair at sides of face recalls H. communis Ckll. A species with quadri- dentate mandibles is H. brachy29terus Ckll., from Palapye, but that is much larger.
Heriades umtalicus, sp. n.
c~.--Length about 5.7 mm. ; a very ordinary-looking small black species, with spined axillm, clear wings with a large black stigma, having the sides of the face covered with white hair, the elypeus with thin white hair at sides and apex, but the disc broadly exposed, densely and coarsely punctured, glistening between the punctures, especially on the middle. A characteristic feature is the highly polished, smooth, lower part of supraelypeM area. The mandibles are tridentate, the teeth sharp ; the margin of clypeus is ordinary. First recurrent nervure ending about as far from base of second submarginal cell as second from apex. First two tergites with white marginal hair-bands, on first failing in middle, on second even and entire ; third without a band, fourth with traces of one. The hind tiMm have much white hair.
This is to be compared with related species as follows. From H. zimbabwicus it differs by the broader face and
much broader exposed area of clypeus. From H. centralis Benoist, which has the same pattern of hair on face, by the polished lower part of supraclypeal area, and shorter
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African Heriadine Bees. 557
wings ; from H. globiventris Friese by the larger, reddish eyes, and the polished lower part of supraclypeal area ; from H. scutellatus Friese by the broad bare area on clypeus; from H. impressus Schlett. by the shining middle of clypeus, the second submarginal cell longer on marginal, and the veins more delicate.
S. I~hodesia : Christmas Pass, Umtali, May 20-21, 1932 (Alice Mackie). I have females from the localities of this and the last species, but in no case can they be associated with the males.
Heriacles rhodognathus, sp. n.
~.--Length about 6.3 ram. ; black, the mandibles blood- red, black at end, broad, with two small apical teeth (style of H. livingstonei Ckil.); labrum red; clypeal margin simple; clypeus shining but not polished, coarsely punctured; supraclypeal area rather weakly shining; head broad ; sides of face with white hair, but none on clypeus ; flagellum dusky red beneath ; no frontal sulcus; mesonotum and scutellum shining, with fine punctures; tubercles fringed with pure white hair ; pleura appearing greyish from thin white hair ; base of metathorax shining ; tegulse small and black ; wings somewhat dusky, stigma small, nervures pale ; first recurrent nervure joining second submarginal cell a moderate distance from base, at least twice as far as second from apex ; legs black ; abdomen broad, tergites 1 to 4 with apical hair-bands, broadly interrupted on the first two ; apical segments not hoary ; ventral scopa white. The axill~e are not spined.
Cape Province : Blaukrans, near Calvinia, Nov. 17, 1931 (L. Ogilvie). Friese described two species with red mandibles from S. t~hodcsia. One of these, H. arnoldi, is smaller, with almost milk-white wings. The other, H. capensis, belongs to a different genus, and is to be known as Noteriades capensis. I have not seen it, but I possess N. clypeatus (Friesc), to which Friese says N. capensis is so closely allied that it is perhaps only a variety.
Heriades ingogoensis, sp. n.
~.--Length about 7.2 ram. ; black, including mandibles, antennm, tegul~e and legs; head broad, inner orbits nearly parallel; clypeus exposed, dull and very densely punctured, its apical margin simple, narrowly shining;
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558 lgr. T. D. A. Cockereii on
face on each side of clypeus glistening ; mandibles broad, with two short epical teeth, a broad shining sulcus runs down middle of mandible externally ; sides of face with dull white hair, but none on front; region of occlli glistening ; mesonotum coarsely punctured, but polished between the punctures ; seutellum and base of metathorex shining ; axillze not spined ; hair of thorax very scanty, some long white hair on seutellum ; wings hyaline, with very strong black veins and a large black stigma ; marginal cell brownish; first recurrent nervure joining second submarginal cell rather near base, about as far as second from apex; hind basitarsi with copious pure white hair on inner side; abdomen thick and convex, shining, the hMr-bends very weak, none at ell on fourth tergite; ventral scope white, the hair long.
Nata l : Ingogo, March 21-22, 1932 (Alice Mackie). The head is longer than in H. chubbi CM1., and the dusky marginal cell is distinctive. H. argentatus Gerst., as determined by Friese, differs by the much larger triangular projection et base of mandibles on each side.
Heriades perpolitus, sp. n.
~.--Length 7 mm. ; black, but with brown tegul~; axill~e not spined ; ventral scope white, the hairs long ; wings dusky but not dark, stigma rather small, veins strong and dusky, the first recurrent nervure ending far from base of second submarginal cell ; eyes grey. Face with pale heir, not conspicuous, but long on clypeus, which has no bare area ; clypeal margin simple ; mandibles broad, with two very stout tee th ; mesonotum highly polished, but strongly punctured; area of meta~horax dull, but metathorax behind it shining ; abdomen shining and well punctured, the hair-bands weak and incon- spicuous, fifth tergite without any trace of a band ; apical part of abdomen not evidently hairy.
This may be compared with related species as follows : from H. chubbi Ckll. it differs by the much more massive head and highly polished mesonotum, with the punctures not so large; from H. livingstonei Ckll. by the highly polished mesonotum and the brown tegulm; from H. l)ellucidus Ckll. by the considerably smeller punctures of mesonotum; from H. nodulosus Ckll. (which it resembles in the mandib les )by the larger head and
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African Heriadine Bees. 559
first recurrent nervure more distant from base of second submarginal cell.
S. l~hodesia : Zimbabwe, Sept. 1931 (L. Ogilvie).
Heriades sulcatifrons Cockerell
A female from Palapye, March 4, 1934 (J. Ogilvie), is about 8-5 mm. long, and must be referred here, as it has exactly t he same sulcus on front, the white spots of hair at sides of face, the dusky wings, the first recurrent nervure ending far from base of second submarginal cell. But it differs from the type in having a thin white hair- bank on margin of second tergite, and the second tooth of mandibles very small, much more distant from the end of the long apical tooth.
Hcriades communis Cockerell.
S. l~hodesia : Victoria Falls, ~, Sept. 1931 (J. Ogilvie).
Heriades pellucidus Cockerell.
A female, about 7 ram. long, from Palapye, March 4, 1934 (L. Ogilvie), is referred here. It is easily dis- tinguished from H. chubbi Ckll. and H. perpolitus Ckll. by the perfectly clear wings, and the first recurrent nevcure joining second submarginal cell nearer base. A Con- spicuous feature is the long erect white hair on front. The clypeus is dull, and hairy all over, except a hardly noticeable line in middle. Axillm not spined. Ventral scopa white. This species was described (1920) from males collected by E. C. Chubb in Natal.
Heriades strictifrons, sp. n. ~.--Length 6 .5mm.; black, including mandibles,
antennae, tegulae and legs ; head and thorax with scanty white hair, forming spots at sides of face, and a con- spicuous fringe at sides of seuteltum ; ventral seopa white (full of orange pollen); head oblong, with nnusually narrow, parallel-sided face and front ; mandibles long and stout, with two prominent apical teeth ; lower margin of elypeus with two very strong nodules, separated by a convex intervai (much the style of H. angustulus Ckll.) ; clypeus and front dull, the lower margin of supraclypeal ones shining; mesonotum shining between the large punctures; seutellum polished and strongly punctured;
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560 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on
base of metathorax shining; wings dusky, stigma dark brown, nervures dark; second submarginal cell very large, receiving first recurrent nervure a short distance from base; abdomen strongly punctured, not banded; basal truncation very abrupt, flaring outward at sides. No axillary spines.
Cape Province; George, Nov. 4-7, 1931 (J. Ogilvie). This belongs to the group of H. angusticeps Ckll. and H. angustulus Ckll., but it is considerably larger than these. The head is produced above the eyes, much in the manner of H. angusticeps, from which it differs in the structure of the clypeus.
Heriades (Noteriades ) bicornutus Friese.
Orange :Free State : Narval's Pont, North :Bank Halt, April 16, 1934 (J. Ogilvie), ~_. This agrees well with a specimen from :Bulawayo, received fl'om Friese, except that the face is perceptibly wider. The type locality of H. bicornutus is Shilouvane, N. Transvaal. Michener, in a recent paper on Heriades, has treated Noteriades as a dist-inct genus.
Heriades otaviensis, sp. n.
!~ (type).--Length about 6.7 ram. ; black, including mandibles (these faintly reddish at end), antennm and legs, the tegulm dark brown; head broad, circular seen from in front ; eyes black in front, green posteriorly ; mandibles broad, with three sharp teeth ; clypeal margin with two nodules, and an interval between ; clypeus and sides of face covered with pure white hair, seen from the front, the hair at sides of face appears brilliant white, but the clypeus looks greyish, but in an oblique view the clypeal hair is clear whi te ; supraclypeal area exposed, glistening between the punctures; front shining between punctures; punctures on vertex very large ; mesonotum and scutellum brilliantly polished, not hairy ; tubercles and sides of pronotum with dense white hair ; pleura shining, with little hair ; base of metathorax shining, almost without plicse ; wings very faintly dusky ; stigma small and pale, with a dark margin ; nervures not very dark, first recurrent nervure joining second sub-
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African Heriadine Bees. 561
marginal cell .far from base; axill~e without spines; abdomen convex, the first four tergites with linear hMr-bands, on first broadened at sides ; end of abdomen not hoary ; ventral scopa white.
~ . - -Length about 5-7 mm. ; mandibles short, bidentate ; eyes bicoloured as in female; face, clypeus and front covered with long white hair ; a band of white hair along posterior side of pleura ; wings more dusky ; hind femora very stout ; abdomen short and subglobose.
S.W. Africa: Otavi, ~, Dec. 26, ~, Dec. 27, 1933 (J. Ogilvie). I~ecognized by the polished thorax, the bicoloured eyes, and the small stigma. I t is related to H. livingstonei Ckll. and H. pallucidus Ck.., but the stigma distinguishes it.
Heriades perparvus, sp. n.
~.--Length about 4mm. ; black, including legs, mandibles and antennm, but tegulm and stigma brown ; wings clear, first recurrent nervure ending nearer to base of second submarginal cell than second to apex ; ventral scopa white, the hairs long. Face broader than in H. matopensis CkU., with little hair, t h e lateral patches inconspicuous; clypeus evenly punctured, with white hair at sides, the lower margin faintly nodulose ; mandibles bidentate, in the style of H. civilis Ckll. and H. humilis Ckll. ; third antennal joint long; mesonotum and scutellum shining and strongly punctured, a fringe of long white hair behind scutellum (as in H. matopensis Ckll.) ; abdominal bands inconspicuous, but entire and very distinct, though slender, on margins of tergites 4 and 5. The axillse are spirted.
Orange Free Sta te : Ficksburg, Feb. 26-Jan. 3, 1932 (J. Ogilvie). This very minute species is very close to H. matopensis, but has a broader face and pale brown stigma. The venation distinguishes it from H. perminutus Cktl. The female, which I referred to H. matopensis, has the narrow face of.that species, but I notice that it has a pale brown stigma, so it is possibly another species. H. perparvus is appreciably smaller than H. perminutus.
Also at Ficksburg, four females of H. chubbi Ckll. were taken by J. Ogilvie and A. Mackie. In quite fresh specimens the face is covered with white hair right across.
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562 Mr. T. D. A. Coekerell on
Heriades matoper~sis Cockerell. Males from Upington, C.P., Dec. 1933 and Feb. 1934
(J. Ogilvie, L. Ogilvie), are referred here, not without some doubt.
Heriades globiventris (Friese). ~.--Length about 5.7 mm. ; black, including mandibles,
antennm and legs ; ventral scopa white, but it may appear yellowish from pollen; axillary spines well developed; wings clear hyaline, with dark stigma and ncrvures ; first recurrent nervure joining second submarginal cell very near its base. Sides of face and front densely covered with pure white hair; elypeus densely and coarsely punctured, with about six little nodules on margin (compare H. livingstonei Ckll. and H. speculiferus Ckll.) ; mandibles very broad; anterior margin of seutellum highly polished; abdomen with the first three tergites shining, the others less so; tergites with narrow white hair-bands, the fh'st two broadly in~rrupted ; hairs of ventral scopa long. Differs from H. punetulatus Ckll. by the clear wings, first recurrent nervure nearer to base of second submarginal cell, and more coarsely pnnctured mesonotum ; from H. microstictus Ckll. by the absence of any bands of light hair in front of, and behind, mesonotum, and also the larger head ; from H. perminutus Cldl. by the considerably larger size.
Transvaal: Louis Trichardt, April 4-10, 1932 (J. Ogilvie). Two females, and one male collected by L. Ogilvie. This appears to be H. globiventris (Friese), on comparison with a specimen received from Friese. I thought it could be separated by the nodulose elypeal margin, but the margin in H. globiventris is faintly nodulose. The keels on the mandible also seemed different, but not sufficiently so to be described. Friese's specimen does not have the dense white hair at sides of face, but it is seen in specimens from S. Rhodesia. I had set the Louis Trichardt apart as a new variety or race, but it seems best at present to withhold the proposed name.
Two females and two males, with spined axillm, were collected at Greytown, Natal, Oct. 20, !931 (J. Ogilvie, Alice Maclcie).
Two females and a male are from Kruger National Park, collected by J. Ogilvie. (Another female, with the same data, is H. ehubbi Ck!l.)
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African Heriadine Bees. 563
A male from Amanzimtoti, Natal, Oct. 16, 1931 (Coclcerell), is referred here, but it has much less white hair on the face than in one from the Matopo Hills, S. Rhodesia.
Heriades chubbi Cockerell.
~.--Length about 6.6 ram. ; black, including mandibles, antennm and legs ; mandibles with an apical tooth, and a long oblique straight cutting-edge; clypeal margin straight, with very long yellowish hairs; axillm not spined; wings dusky; first recurrent nervure ending about twice as far from base of second submarginal cell as second from apex ; abdomen with linear bands ; ventral scopa pure white.
Transvaal: Louis Trichardt, April 4-10, 1932 (Alice Mac]tie). Two females were taken, but there are also five males with exactly the same data, which I can only refer here. The black flagellum is long and slender, reaching about as far as the tegulse; the mandibles have two strong apical tee th ; the clypeal margin is slightly irregular, but not enough to be called denticulate.
Concerning this species, see Amer. Mus. Novitates, 911 (1937), p. 6. I t is possible that the species, as now understood, is composite, but I am not at present prepared to subdivide it. Females with the characteristic bidentate mandibles, but not altogether alike, come from S. Rhodesia : Christmas Pass, Umtali (A. Maclcie) and Shangani, De Beers Ranch (J. Ogilvie). The last is without pale hair on face.
A male H. chubbi comes from ¥okeskai River, Johannesburg, March 31, 1932 (J. Ogilvie).
Heriades scutellatus Friese.
~ . - -Length 6 .8mm.; black, including mandibles, antennm, tegulm and legs; mandibles broad, with two stout apical teeth ; ely-peal margin nearly simple ; head broad; clypeus and sides of face densely covered with pure white hair ; mesonotum and scutellum shining between the punctures ; axillm pointed, hardly spirted; wings greyish hyaline; stigma not very large, reddish brown, with a dark margin; first recurrent nervure joining second submarginal cell a considerable distance
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564 Mr. T. ]3. A. Cockerell on
from base ; first and second tergites with entire, linear, clear white hair-bands, the following ones without such bands ; first sternite, in lateral profile, showing a rounded swelling followed by a little projection.
Transvaal: 1)let Retief, Oct. 13, 1931, two males (Coc]cerell). Friese's description of the male of H. acutellatus is very sholt, but the present insect agrees with a specimen from Mforgosi, Zululand, received from Friese. One of the Piet I~etief specimens has the eyes dark brown, the other has them green, but they are surely the same species. The type of H. scutellatus is a female from Bulawayo, but a male from the Matopo Hills, not far from Bulawayo, appears to be identical with the insect here described. Friese had only males from Zululand, but both sexes from Bulawayo.
Heriades communis Cockerell, variety a.
Belgian Congo : Kabinda. 6 ° 8' S., 24 ° 21' E., one of each sex (J. Bequaert). The face of the male is broader than usual ; I do not know whether this is an individual or racial character.
Heriades xanthogaster Cockerell.
l~e-examination of a cotype has convinced me tha t the ventral scopa is white or nearly so, the yellow appearance being due to pollen.
H eriades spiniscutis (Cameron).
Cape Province: Oudtshoorn, Oct: 1 and 2, 1931 (J. Ogilvie, Cockerell). Three males. These agree with a male from Mosel Bay (Turner), which I have identified as H. sloiniscutis, but from the circumstances of their capture they ought to be the hitherto unknown male of H. xanthogaster Ckll. The female of that species is quite distinct from that of H. spiniseutis. These males may be recognized by the coarse punctures, the strongty spined axill~e, and the dark wings.
Heriades fumipennis, sp. n.
~ . - - I had taken this for H. spiniscutis, as it has the same dark wings and general appearance (its length is about 6 ram.), but the axill~ are merely pointed, not spined, and
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African Heriadine Bees. 565
the punctures are not so coarse. The clypeus and sides of face are covered with long white hair. Stigma rather small, dusky reddish, with a dark margin ; eyes greyish- brown; abdominal hair-bands little developed, broadly interrupted on first two tergites; mandibles broad, truncate, bidentate.
~.--Face without conspicuous hair ; mesonotum shining between the punctures: anterior part of seutellum polished ; tegulm black ; wings strongly dusky ; ventral scopa white, but hard to see, being full of orange pollen.
Cape Province : George, Nov. 4-7, 1931, two males and a female (J. Ogilvie). The type is a male.
From H. strictifrons Ckll., also found at George, this is known by the much broader face.
tteriades nitidulus, sp. n.
~.--Length about 5.3 ram. ; black, including mandibles, antennm, tegulm and legs ; wings faintly dusky, with dark nervures and black stigma, the first recurrent nervure joining second submarginal cell some distance from base ; eyes grey ; a);illm unarmed ; ventral scopa white. Head large, with a broad face, which shows no conspicuous hair ; clypeal margin simple ; mandibles broad, strongly grooved on outer sides, reddish at extreme tip ; sides and middle of front (region below ocelli) polished ; mesonotum and scutellum polished on disc; abdomen without hair-bands or spots.
Cape Province: Calvinia, Nov. 11-16, 1931 (Alice Mackie). This is distinguished from H. minor Cldl. by the shining front. I t is more robust, with much larger head and broader face than H. matopensis CM1. I t is also separated from these by the unarmed axill~e. H. laticeps Ckli. is much larger, with broader head.
Heriades prosopifrons, sp. n. (type).--Length about 5-8ram. ; black, including
mandibles, antennae, teguloe and legs; wings clear hyaline, with black stigma and dark nervures, first recurrent nervure joining second submarginal cell a moderate distance from base; eyes greenish; ventral ~,~copa creamy white ; axillm not spined. This looks like H. nitidulus, but is easily distinguished by the triangular
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566 Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell on
white hair-marks at sides of face, resembling the tegumentary marks of a female Prosopis by the densely and coarsely punctured dull front (but shining vertex), and the thorax above less brilliantly shining. Also, the abdomen has weak hair-bands, and conspicuous spots of white hair at sides of first two tergites.
~ . - -Length about 4.5 ram. ; face densely covered with long white hair ; apical tergites not pruinose; vertex, mesonotum and scutellumshining ; wings quite clear (by this character and smaller size it differs from H. bevisi Ckll.).
Cape Province : Calvinia, Nov. 11-16, 1931 (J. Ogilvie). The male, with same data, taken by Miss Mackie.
H. larvatus Friese, from Little Namaland, and H. nodulosus Ckll. have the Proso1~is-like white marks at sides of face in the male. The female is much larger than H. matopensisCkll., with a larger head.
I t is perhaps possible that the male assigned to this species does not belong to it, and if so, it may be that H. prosopifrons is identical with H. larvatus Friese (1909), which is said to be smaller, 4 to 4.5 ram. long.
Heriades maclcieae Cockerell, 1936.
There are two misprints in the account of this species. The type is a male, not a female, and the locality is Bait (not Belt) Bridge.
Heriades minor, sp. n.
~.--Length about 5 mm. ; black, including mandibles, antennm, tegulm and legs; axil!m well spined; ventral scopa white ; wings clear hyaline, with the first recurrent nervure joining second submarginal cell very near base; mandibles broad, with two obtuse apical tee th ; clypeal margin simple ; face with little hair, but some white hair at sides ; clypeus shining between the strong punctures ; mesonotum shining, strongly punctured; abdominal bands indistinct, but conspicuous white hair at each side of base of second tergite. Eyes dark brown.
Orange Free State : Fieksburg, Feb. 26-March I, 1932, five females (J. Ogilvie). A very commonplace species, with no striking characters, There is a fringe of very long
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On Pseudoscorpions from the Upper Nile Territory. 567
white hairs just behind seutellum, as in H. matopensis Ckll., which is, however, smaller, with a much smaller head. H. globiventris (Friese) is distinctly larger, with green eyes ; it has the same fi'inge behind scutellum. This might perhaps be regarded as a variety or race of H. globiventris, probably adapted to a different flower.
Heriades nodulosus Cockerell, 1937.
~.--Cape Province: Doom l~iver Falls, Nov. 1931 (J. Ogilvie). I at first thought this might be a distinct species, but close comparisons indicate its identity. The firut tergite has the band reduced to a white mark on each side, but tergites 2 to 5 have very distinct narrow white hair-bands. The clypeal margin has three shining nodules, the middle one above the level of the others, and appearing as a star-like spot when the clypeus is seen somewhat from above. Length 6.5 ram.
L V.--Some Pseudoscorpions from the Upper Nile Territory. By M. BEIER, Vienna.
I HA¥~ received for s tudy from the Imperial Insti tute of Entomology and the British Museum (Natural History) the following Pseudoscorpions from Upper Egypt and the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan : - -
Olpium tenue Chamberliu. (Fig. 1.)
One adult, second Nile-Cataract, 13. iv. 1944, D. I. Lewis leg. (no. 805) ; two adults, Assuan, Hirst leg., Feb. 1926 (Brit. Mus. no. 1926. iv. 29.21-22) ; one adult, Assuan, Hirst leg., Feb. 1926 (Brit. Mus. no. 1928. iv. 16.64).
The first-mentioned specimen has the following measure- ments :---Length of body 2 ram. ; palps : femur, length 0.70 ram., breadth 0.16 ram. (4.4 times as long as broad) ; tibia, length 0-65 ram., breadth 0.19 ram. (3.4 times as long as broad) ; hand, length 0.58 ram., breadth 0.29 ram. (1.9 times as long as broad); fingers, length 0.57 ram. (chela 3.8 times, without t, be stalk 3"4 times as long as broad).
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