Download pdf - Low Emission Zone Leipzig – Low emission zones can reduce

Low Emission Zone Leipzig –

Low emission zones can reduce ultrafine particles and

soot mass concentration

Fabian Rasch

TROPOS – Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research Leipzig

Department 'Experimental Aerosol and Cloud Microphysic'

Bratislava, 19-20/02/2014

Overview

Low Emission Zones – What is it? Who needs it?

What does effect it? Low emission zones in Europe

Low emission zone Leipzig* Technical measurement sites

Results and discussion

Further and deepening analyses for LEZ Leipzig

Summary and outlook

*in cooperation with the State Office Saxony for agriculture, environment and health (LfULG)

Fabian Rasch 19-20/02/2014 Bratislava |

Low Emission Zone Leipzig – Low emission zones can reduce ultrafine particle and soot mass concentration

Low Emission Zones – What is it? Who needs it? What does effect it?

one instrument of air monitoring

to reduce the particle concentration (regulary PM10 or PM2.5) in urban

atmosphere

to improve air quality for a better human health Immunological studies, morbidity and mortality

BUT:

Can a Low emission zone to reduce PM10/PM2.5-Concentration?! Or is this the

wrong parameter??

This is a controverse question in research, politic and society





Low Emission Zones in Europe

Screenshot: http://lowemissionzones.eu/ 30/01/2014

membership countries „Rußfrei fürs Klima“

http://lowemissionzones.eu/

http://lowemissionzones.eu/

Low Emission Zone Leipzig

Around 512.000 inhabitants

Low emission zone with the highest level green (first town in Germany „from 0 to 100!“) from 01. March 2011

still more than thousand special persmissions til the end of 2016 (e.g. public transfer and some small enterprises)

around 63% of town area are the low emission zone LEZ (green marked)



five mesurement sites with scientific equipment 2 traffic hotspots (red), 2 urban background (orange), 1 ruralside (blue) uniform distribution in the town area

worldwide unique: this technical standard for a LEZ

next to the offical measurements of the LfULG a new scientific look

not only the PM-Concentrations are measured, but also high-times

resolved scientific measurements:

Particle Number Concentration Particle Volume Concentration Soot Mass (Black Carbon) Concentration

TROPOS´ tasks for the measurement sites at the LEZ



measurement site at Leipzig-Mitte

Technical equipment on each measurement site:

Particle size spectrometer: TDMPS (Twin Differential Mobility Particle Sizer): includes two Condensation Particle Counter (CPC) and two Differential Mobility Analyser (DMA) for the ultrafine (Dp < 100nm) and the fine particle (Dp > 100nm)

Particle Size Distribution (5-800nm), Particle Number Concentration, Particle Volume Concentration, Particle Mass Concentration.

Absorption photometer: MAAP (Multi Angle Absorption Photometer): Soot mass concentration and the Absorption coefficent



TDMPS, developed at TROPOS

MAAP, developed by ThermoScientific

Results 2009 - 2012 out from the publication Rasch et al. (2013)



meteorological conditions are in the average constant

PM10 stagnates

Soot mass concentration decreases 30% - traffic increment 2.41 1.75 µg/m³

Integrated ultrafine Particle Number Concentration[50-100nm] also decreases, BUT there are more fluctuations

- traffic increment N[50-100] 1580 1270 - measurement uncertainties and physical interactions

heavy traffic decreases around 30%

Low Emission Zone!!!!

Results Black Carbon



Time series from 2009 Green boxes are the time for the analyses

Day cycles (workday) Left: before LEZ Right: with LEZ

2009 2010 2011 2012

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

mB

C in µ

g/m

³

L-Eiba L-Backgroundsummer period 01.05.-31.10.

2009 2010 2011 2012

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

mB

C in µ

g/m

³

traffic effectsummer period 01.05.-31.10.



Traffic increment of BC on roadside 2009-2012

5 10 100 800

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

Melpitz 2010

Melpitz 2011

Melpitz 2012

Summermedian

dN

/dlo

gD

p p

ro c

m³

Dp in nm

5 10 100 800

0

2000

4000

6000

8000 L-TROPOS 2010

L-TROPOS 2011

L-TROPOS 2012

Summermedian

dN

/dlo

gD

p p

ro c

m³

Dp in nm

Particle Size Distrbution Particle Number Concentration

Urban background Rural background



5 10 100 800

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000 L-Mitte 2010

L-MItte 2011

L-Mitte 2012

Summermediand

N/d

log

Dp

pro

cm

³

Dp in nm

Particle Size Distrbution Particle Number Concentration II

Traffic hotspot



0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

mB

C in

µg

/ m

³

with low emission zone

before low emission zone

L-Mitte L-Eiba L-Tropos L-West Melpitzm

BC in

µg

/ m

³

monday tuesday wednesday thursday friday saturday sunday



Further and deepening analyses for LEZ Leipzig

Day-week-course for all 5 measurement sites

0

2

4

6

8

01.07.2010 01.11.2010 01.03.2011 01.07.2011 01.11.2011 01.03.2012 01.07.2012 01.11.2012 01.03.2013 01.07.2013 01.11.2013

0

1

2

3

4

5

mB

C in

µg

/m³

L-West L-Mitte

traffic effect at L-Mitte

mB

C in

µg

/m³



0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

01.11.2008 01.04.2009 01.09.2009 01.02.2010 01.07.2010 01.12.2010 01.05.2011 01.10.2011 01.03.2012 01.08.2012 01.01.2013 01.06.2013 01.11.2013

0

1

2

mB

C in

µg

/ m

³

L-Eiba L-background

mB

C in

µg

/ m

³

traffic effect L-Eiba

Following and continuous measurement Traffic increments at L-Mitte an L-Eisenbahnstraße from 01 of November 2008

01.07.2010 01.11.2010 01.03.2011 01.07.2011 01.11.2011 01.03.2012 01.07.2012 01.11.2012 01.03.2013 01.07.2013 01.11.2013

0

2

4

6

01.07.2010 01.11.2010 01.03.2011 01.07.2011 01.11.2011 01.03.2012 01.07.2012 01.11.2012 01.03.2013 01.07.2013 01.11.2013

0

2

4

6

8

difference L-Mitte-Melpitz difference L-Mitte-L-West difference L-Mitte-L-Tropos

mB

C in

µg

/ m

³

L-Tropos L-West L-Eisenbahnstraße L-Mitte Melpitz

mB

C in

µg

/ m

³



Times series for soot mass concentration for the LEZ Leipzig from 01.July 2010

Summary LEZ can reduce ultrafine particles, especially soot mass concentration. The soot mass inkrement and the ultrafine fraction [50-100nm] on the traffic sites decreases around 30%

Heavy traffic decreases around 30%

Soot is a toxic particle, this reducing effect is a success for the instrument LEZ

Soot and the ultrafine particles have a very small ratio in mass for the PM-Concentation

They are too small, but cause of their small size they can pentrate deeply in human respiratory passages and deposit there



Summary II The PM10-value is maybe the wrong parameter for the LEZ too many

factors influence the PM10-Concentration

it was shown, that LEZ can reduce the heavy traffic, the ultrafine particle concentration and the toxic soot, BUT is only one instrument to improve sustainably the air quality and human health!!

Outlook

Further measurements and explicit meteorological analyses will show

clearer the impact and influence of meteorological parameters for a working LEZ in the town Leipzig (project 2014/2015)



Literature

Rasch, F. , Birmili, W., Weinhold, K., Nordmann, S., Sonntag, A., Spindler, G., Herrmann, H., Wiedensohler, A., Löschau, G. (2013).

Signifikante Minderung von Ruß und der Anzahl ultrafeiner Partikel in Außenluft als Folge der Umweltzone in Leipzig – Significant reduction of ambient black carbon and particle number in Leipzig as a result of the low emission zone. Gefahrstoffe- Reinhaltung der Luft 11-12/2013, Seite 483-489 © Springer-VDI-Verlag Löschau, G., Wiedensohler, A., Birmili, W., Rasch, F., Spindler, G., Müller, K., Wolf, U., Hausmann, A., Herrmann, H.(2012)

Umweltzone Leipzig - Teil 1 Ausgangsbeurteilung. https://publikationen.sachsen.de/bdb/artikel/14411

Löschau, G.;+, Wiedensohler, A., Birmili, W., Rasch, F. Spindler, G., Müller, K., Wolf, U., Hausmann, A., Böttger, M., Anhalt, M., Herrmann, H. (2013).

Umweltzone Leipzig Teil 2: Immissionssituation 2011 https://publikationen.sachsen.de/bdb/artikel/18590 soon: Rasch, F., Löschau G. (2014).

Vertiefende Analysen zur Umweltzone Leipzig



Thank You for Your attention!