M91 第五組 The Cardiovascular System

組長 9101104 盛少廷 組員 9101005 黃馨慧 組員 9101019 馬兆緯 組員 9101024 陳志安 組員 9101027 方科智 組員 9101028 黃崇勝 組員 9101029 陳叡逸 組員 9101033 王植諄 組長 9101042 蔡昊澐 組長 9101048 林廷翰 組員 9101051 陳奕彰 組員 9101076 謝明宏 組員 9101084 馮富鈺 組員 9101090 張凱淳 組員 9101091 許耘誌 組員 9101097 潘相甫 組員 9101125 顏凡偉 組長 9101144 黎美雪 組員 9101156 葉婉婷 組員 9101157 蔡為迪 組員 9101158 葉秋瑜

胚胎心血管發育想念我嗎

太初之時• splanchnic mesoderm primodial myocardium • 四原始腔室

Aortic arch衍生物

原始心臟血液循環

胎兒的血液循環

Further development of heart

Tubular heart elongates and develops dilations and constrictions :

AtriumSinus venosusVentricleBulbus cordisTruncus arteriosus

Partitioning of Primordial Heart

Partitioning of Atrioventricular Canal Cardiac jelly → endocardial cushion (by the e

nd of 4th week) Atrioventricular canal → left and right atriove

ntricular canal Endocardial cell → AV valves (mitral valve & tric

uspid valve)

Partitioning of Primordial Atrium

Foramen primum - becomes smaller & disappears

Foramen secundum – becomes larger (fusion of perforations in the central part of septum primum)

Septum secundum overlaps foramen secundum → oval foramen formed

Septum primum - cranial part disappears - caudal part → valve of oval foramen → oval

fossa (after birth)

Changes in Sinus Venosus

Initially right and left sinus are the s

ame size. 4th week - Right horn enlarge (1)anastomosis (2) righ

t vitelline vein change into IVC

sinus vanarum (smooth part of RA)

- Left horn – size decreases coronary sinus - Caudal part of sinuatrial va

lve valve of IVC and coro

nary sinus

Partitioning of Primordial Ventricle

Muscular part of the IV septum

enlarging ventricle myoblast

- ( 6th) IV foramen still exists

- ( 7th) IV foramen closed — right & left bulbar ridges+ end

ocardial cushion

Membranous part of the IV septum

right side of the endocardial cushion

Complete partitioning - aorticopulmonary septum + membranous part of IV septum +

muscular part of IV septum

Partitioning of Bulbus Cordis and Truncus Arteriosus

Fusion of bulbar ridges and truncal ridges

aorticopulmonary septum

180 degree spiraling of aorticopulmonary septum

divides aorta & pulmonary trunk

Formation of semilunar valves - by 3 swellings of subendocardial tissue

- aortic valve post., right & left cusps - pulmonary valve ant., right & left cusps

CongenitalCongenital cardiovascular cardiovascular defectsdefects

What is congenital cardiovascular defects?What is congenital cardiovascular defects?What causes congenital heart defects?What causes congenital heart defects?What are the symptoms of congenital What are the symptoms of congenital

defects?defects?How are congenital defects diagnosed?How are congenital defects diagnosed?How are congenital heart defects treated?How are congenital heart defects treated?

Types of congenital Types of congenital defectsdefects

Obstruction defectsObstruction defectsSeptal DefectSeptal Defect

Cyanotic defectsCyanotic defects

Obstruction defectsObstruction defects

Obstructions are called stenoses Obstructions are called stenoses and can occur in heart valves, arand can occur in heart valves, ar

teries or veins teries or veins

common forms

Pulmonary stenosis Aortic stenosis Coarctation of the aorta

Related but less common forms

Bicuspid aortic valve Subaortic stenosis Ebstein's anomaly

Septal DefectSeptal Defect

• atrial septal defect (ASD)atrial septal defect (ASD)• ventricular septal defect (VSD)ventricular septal defect (VSD)• Eisenmenger’s complexEisenmenger’s complex• A-V canal defect (endocardial cushion deA-V canal defect (endocardial cushion de

fect)fect)

• Cyanotic defectsCyanotic defects Another classification of heart defec Another classification of heart defects is congenital cyanotic heart defects. In these defects,ts is congenital cyanotic heart defects. In these defects, blood pumped to the body contains less-than-normal blood pumped to the body contains less-than-normal amounts of oxygen. This results in a condition called camounts of oxygen. This results in a condition called cyanosis , a blue discoloration of the skin. The term "blyanosis , a blue discoloration of the skin. The term "blue babies" is often applied to infants with cyanosis.ue babies" is often applied to infants with cyanosis.

• Examples of cyanotic defects are:Examples of cyanotic defects are:• Patent ductus arteriosus Patent ductus arteriosus • Tetralogy of Fallot, Tetralogy of Fallot, • Transposition of the great arteries, Transposition of the great arteries, • Tricuspid atresia, Tricuspid atresia, • Pulmonary atresia, Pulmonary atresia, • Truncus arteriosus Truncus arteriosus • Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection.Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection.

TranspositioTransposition of The n of The Great Great ArteriesArteries

Total Anomalous Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Pulmonary Venous ConnectionConnection