Mariculture: Fish culture management
•Form•Basic Principles•Species•Disadvantages•Market demand•Culture Technique
Decreasing numbers of fish
Sequential disappearance of economic species from the
catch…..
1 2 3
An opportunity …
• Market transformation
• Reduce destructive
• Compensate short-term
losses
• Law rainfall
• Good water quality
• Weak storm
• Protected bays
Marine culture practices:
Basic Principles
Un-limited DOContinue water exchangeCommon Properties: Right to operate, not OwnUn-control parameters
+ brood stocks
+ cheap trash fish (food brood stocks)
+ live fish trade
+ marine culture practices
- Technical knowledge
-Infrastructure facilities
- Un-control parameter- Subject to physical disturbance- High Cost (Speed boat)- Security Risk- Transportation Risk- Maintenance
Advantages vs weaknesses
Seeds from hatchery
+ no pressure on wild stocks
+ regular/controlled seed supplies
- Capital intensive
- skills intensive
Marine culture, seeds from wild nature
+ cheap, easily available
- Pressure to nature/wild stocks?
- Irreagular supplies
Experiment ‘Gango’
(Nov. 1997 - Feb. 1999)
Un-successful
… full cycle marine culture!! ….
Species OptionPre-requisite
1. Artificial reproduction
2. Mass fry production
3. Market demand
4. Coop to stress
5. Resistance to diseases
6. Growth
Hatchery,
trade &
marketing
Cage culture
grow out
inputs (training, seeds, pellet, cages, etc.)
output (fish harvest, market size)
Community engagement:
Hatchery multi-species
Low risk, low profit:
Baramundi (Lates calcarifer)
Red snapper (Lutjanus argentimaculatus)
Medium risk, medium profit
High risk, high profit
Estuary grouper (Epinephelus coioides)
Tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus)
Mouse grouper (Cromileptes altivelis)
Culture Technique•Land & Marine Based•Sofisticated (High Tech)
• Natural Feed• Hermaproditsm• Canibalism
•Variety of Skill (diver, FAD)
Full cycle grouper culture ....
algae
rotifer artemia pelletBrood
eggs larva post-larva seeds
Cage culture Cage culture Cage cultureCage culture
FORM
Tanks for algae & rotifer
Indoor & outdoor tanks for larva
Tanks for larva - indoor
Larva monitoring
Larva monitoring
Treatment/sedimentation ponds
Development steps:
• Business plan & brood stock facilities
• Gango, hatchery development
• Training for community – pilot project
• Environmental impact assessment, best practice
• Transfer marine culture to private sector
• Project run by PT. Karamba Merta Buana
Pilot project:
Warloka, November 2003
Menjaga, Mei/Juni 2004
PartnersTechnical assistance:
• Lolit Budidaya Air Payau
Gondol, Bali ; Situbondo
Market demand:
•Sea food restorant
•Prestigeous SeaFood
•Healthy Fish
•Overfishing of Reef Fishery
In short ....
• An opportunity – alternative livelihood
• MPA strategy to finally increase catch
• Transform capture base to culture base
• Environmentally friendly
• Local brood stocks
• Best practices
• Impact assessment
Terimakasih …