Transcript
Page 1: Mem. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, (43), March 27, 2006 · 2017. 3. 15. · 13.7 m bc de# f V gh5 XY˘i cjZ [ˆ k3 ˙V lSa i m # [ˆVn# ohj ’#pq[ˆˆr s[t[ KL#u 1ˆ ˙i mvw(- ˘1lS V˘Wxˆ#yz

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Mayumi Shigeta1), Yusuke Shigeta1) and Hideki Endo2): Day Roosts and Foraging Areas of

the Common Japanese Pipistrelle Bat in the Imperial Palace, Tokyo, Japan

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������ �������������� ������ !"�� Pipistrellus abramus

�#$��%&'()%*�+� ,,�-�./%�0��1���2� � �����!"�����+3�45��6�*�� !"�����7�89�:;&� 1999, 2000<1 �� !"��2� =>?@�ABCD�%EF8 :day roost ���G�H< ���IJ�!"��+� K�� :LM�N?@<� ���� ���� O��?@�P�%QR�(Funakoshi & Uchida, 1978)1 �+2� ������ !"�����ST%�U��*V�2001� 9W�2005� 7W�X��Y�Z�� EF8�[\H]�#$���%&^*1

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�� ��� !"��2� ��_ 10�30��EF8`abc��,�X8 (Funakoshi & Uchida, 1978)����� 12N]�CD��d��� %e :f 1<���gX8bch!�i"%&$�jk�l#�$%&m%n'�*1 o"jk :p���oi"�jk< 7qX^*r]+2� ��bg�EF8�sc��h!%(t�� EF8�?�CD��EF8�b)u%*+�*1 EF87*+v9*Hw2� bc��h!x%�yz*2{y|}~N� :SONY������� DCR-TRV9;

SONY ��< ��n'�*1 EF8�#$�2�D%R� ���%�+�*�X� b)u���2,-?�D�.l+���*1 /&��2 2001� 9W 28�� 9W 29�� 2002� 5W 31�� 6W 1

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1. ���������� !"���[\H]������1%R�*V� �����M2�`��%&^*1�2���+3CD��3$4���5%��� 3#����� :A: �56���56�?@%�����7X8�8�X�� B: ����%���4 ¡�¢9�£¤�?@� C: ¥¦:X8;

1) :§<<���¨= 4©�>�4ª« 2748�7 ¬�­®�"� 9�201

Wildlife Management Company, RT 9�201, 2748�7 Naruse, Machida-shi, Tokyo, 194�0044 Japan

E-mail: BXQ01747¯nifty.ne.jp2) °?±²@�³��´µ.

Department of Zoology, National Science Museum, Tokyo

¶]A· ©�B²CD�´µ]¸E¹º�<Present address: Section of Morphology, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University

°?±@¼�� (43), 2006� 3W 27�Mem. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, (43), March 27, 2006

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����������� ��� ��� �� 2�� � ������������ !" ��#$�%&�'()*+�#�,-./)*+�#0'(123#45�6�� 789�:� ;<=�>� !" 123#45�%?@ABCDEFG �Mini-3 Bat Detector; Ultra Sound Advice HI� JKB. D. ��'������LM)*+�#NGEO3= 45 kHz �P@A � B. D. �.(?Q2 (feed-

ing buzz) #��RSTUV>� !" W�%� 2001X 9Y 28Z� 2002X 5Y 31Z� 10Y 10Z�2003X 9Y 5Z� 2004X 9Y 13Z� 2005X 7Y 11Z# 6[\] !" W��^%Z_ 30`�a 1�^bc("d�� W� ���#ef� ghGijklGkm no� �pq�� rs� ��#Otuvw� gx y�m z� {|�#}~#�w� g��om ���#Ek����9��{|#��ouvw� g��

� 1. ���-�(�LM)*+�#W�o���� ��" �����%W�o��� �@A�`%�� ���� ���`%z��'" 1. ���� 2. ���� 3. � ¡¢£¤� 4. ¥�¦§�5. ¥�� 6. ¨K�� 7. ©ª�� 8. }«�� 9. ¬�#­®� 10. ¯��� 11. °��� 12. ±�²"

Fig. 1. Map showing the observation sites and surveyed areas of the common Japanese pipistrelle bat

in the Imperial Palace. Numbers and open circles indicate the observation site, dots show the

surveyed areas, slashed lines moats. 1. Hanzou-mon Gate. 2. Fushimi-yagura Keep. 3. A deserted

house. 4. Seimon-tetsubashi Bridge. 5. Sei-mon Gate. 6. Sakashita-mon Gate. 7. Kikyo-mon

Gate. 8. Ote-mon Gate. 9. Suwano-chaya Tea House. 10. Shoryobu (Archives and Mausolea

Department). 11. Hirakawa-mon Gate. 12. Someikan (Visitor’s House).

³´µ�¶·³´��·¸¹º»22

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��� ��������� � ���� ����������� � 4���� � B. D. ���� !�� 30 m "#$%&'()*� +,� -./0�1� 60 m �23045678(��9 1�� 1/10,000�:�;<)*'�23�=>0?@��A=>����B0CD� �EFGHGI��JKL8MENOP7�Q�RSTU*� VWL�XY�Z(� [�\]^_` (feeding

buzz) �a)� bc0d\XY�Z�eL� fF 2ghi(jGklm.n��J&o�p0�e (Neu, 1974)� A=>�qrs0�t� �

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mm, 0.25 g; ¬­®¯-~f� 0�°GjG± (Smith and Nephew United, Inc., Largo, Florida) 0�

9 2. ��²³&8MENOP7�{,678(XY�� Q�RSwx� ´µ�XY�� Q�RSwx0¶�� [�\]·�¸*� ´µ�bc0d\XY�Z0¹V�

Fig. 2. Map showing study areas and the points in which the common Japanese pipistrelle bat were

confirmed. Circles indicate all points, and closed circles show feeding perches.

��²³&8MENOP7�º»*(bcwx 23

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������ ������ � ���� 0239, 0240� ����� ���������� ���� ����� �� !"#$%� B. D. &'�() (feeding buzz) ����*���� +,- 20025. 31�6. 1� 2003 9. 5�6/0�� 12� ��-34567��89:; 5�8��; 5�126�� <=>67��89:; 22�?@ABC���

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������DEFGHIJ�KL�-� MN� (No. 7) #OP� (No. 6) � 2Q�RS��TUV�P� W 6

XY�Z �[�� MN��KL�-� \���TUV�]���^_ 9.6 m �MN\�`�a�13.7 m� bc� de#�f�V�gh 5XY�i�cjZ �[� �k 3�� V�lSa�� i�m#�����[�Vn#� ���ohj�����'#pq�[��r� s[t[��KL�#u1��� i�mvw(-� ��1lS�V�Wx��#yz 12.5 mm�b0�� 2001 9. 29-KL� 1XYa� 4�j� 2002 5. 31-KL� 3XYa�W 5�j� �� 6. 1-KL� 4XYa�W 6��i{jZ �[�� �a�� 2002 10. 10|}� 4~�+,�-� y[��KL�a�i{��-��[1a0�� 2004 9. 13|}�+,�-� MN��\]]����-�������� i{$� B. D. )������j 3�4�Z �[�� MN���KL�jb'#��[�j� i�m���-�A1a0�� OP��KL�-� \���TUV����^_ 10.0 m bc� de#�f�V�gh 1XY�b0�� 2003 9. 6 1���{�Z ��b#� � 9. 8������&0� 1��i{jZ �[�j� 2004 9. 13�+,|}� KL����-��[1a0�� �+,2�'�KL��i{���- 1.7�1.2 � �� �SD, n�10, !� 1�4� �� y�������j 7"��[��y��a� �� (No. 5) ��#� (No. 12)� MN����� $¡�-� DEFGHIJ�¢ $%j£a0�� �����%¤a�� KL��b'9&¥j_�RS�#��-� $¡jb¦�[��§%�'�( (No. 2) ��;§¨©Y (No. 3)� ��ª« (No. 4)� ¬)� (No. 10) �-¢ $%j­�y#a�� y���KL�jb'9&¥-®�#��[�� ��� MN�¯*�-� i{$

k 3. °±�MN�2�'DEFGHIJ�KL�� +²ji�m�³´�Fig. 3. A day roost of the common Japanese pipistrelle bat at Kikyo-mon Gate in the Imperial Palace.

Arrow indicates the opening of the roost.

,µ¶-.·,µ/0·¸¹º»24

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������������������ ������������������������ ������ !� (No. 8) ������"����#$%&'( )�*����+,-./01���.23456&��7 �8� (No. 1) 9�:� (No. 11) ; <��=��> ?@A����B&C�4DE%���FG$%�7

����H 2� IJ�K���L����M9-NOPOQ3��R�M� SL ��M;K�$%�+,-./01�T&���U�VW�XY���4ZE[&\B�7 ]%�^4 ���9 !�5_�`���a b�c ;de�9!f"�# $g%& 'hi�j(9k l)!f��� *#5_ ?@"�$�m�5VW;+,-./01���4XY�K�$%�7B�B 5�;n���o+9�5_p�'��K���q,B&^�% +,-./01 ?@"�r-�./B& �5�6�7-NOPOQ3��R�Mst�� ��U�VW4uv4�w0�^4 +,-./01�xyK��z 4 xXY�z 4n� duv{1��|�}2B&�� ~yK��� c2�56.07,

df�3, p�0.001, XY�� c2�60.01, df�3, p�0.001, 3 1�7 5E� ���1+" �2�O3�234j(� 41��L&��n��E�� +,-./01 ��U�VW4B& �2�O3�234b�c �R(��;}2B j( 5����^�%�7 XYVW���4 +,-./01 b�c ���R(��;}2B 6-�j( 5�&��7 �� ��U�VW4B&}2B&���2�O3�23 XYVW4B&}2B& �5�6�7

������ �����7�R( 20028 5� 319 ~a�� H 4� 4 20038 9� 59 ~b��� �e 1:���;�$%�7 ��%n���3�+,-./01; ��'R��<= a��� 5.8 g, 32.5 mm, b��� 7.3 g, 32.4 mm ;d6�7 a�� 21� 221���� >9� 3� 351�;�� ?��;5'��@AB;d� 4�;����#B ~�FG�� 291� ����$g%&�4C�� 2�;XY���K�$%�7;����XYVW�;� D �%¡% 108 m, 225 m ;d6�7$g%&�; �¢ 10�13 m �£En¤FB5��XY��B&��7 C�; G^�H 251� ���I��J¥�¦§B5��XYB&���FG$% a���¨©4ª«6��6SJ¥;XY��K� 1��� B. D. �R(K�$%�7 b�����& ���;��L��^©� ���K�;C5�6�7

3 1. ?@�'�uv{1K�+,-./01�K�§"7 95¬CI: ­O®¯°2±²M{�7(³): ´NOR(¢�uv{1 (µ): ´NOR(P�uv{17

Table 1. Numbers of confirmation of the common Japanese pipistrelles bat in each environmental

section in the Imperial Palace. 95¬CI: Bonferroni confidence interval. (³): More foraging

attempts than expected, (µ): Less foraging attempts than expected.

uv{1 uv{1 ¶·Z

FGO~yK��� ´NO 95¬CI

FGO~XY�� ´NO 95¬CI

�2�O3�23 0.437 144 111 0.487�0.642~³� 76 65 0.405�0.608

b�c 0.060 34 15 0.080�0.186~³� 28 9 0.107�0.266~³�¸¹º 0.024 8 6 0.004�0.058 7 4 0.004�0.089

j( 0.479 69 123 0.201�0.340~µ� 39 72 0.171�0.349~µ�

» 255 255 150 150

?@�'�+,-./01�IJ�4XYVW 25

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� �

���������� ������������� 6��������� �� (2000) � �!��"#$%&'()* +,�-�!.#�/0123) 4��*+-�1�56�-.7��8����� &% ! 10 m �9:!3+-�1;�<=�> 9?@�� AB!;C2D#8� EFG�=#H�� IJK��=LM �NOP! D+-�Q12D#8�=LR� ��12S1�T�-UV12D#�WX��#��������� Y�- 100Z[\"8�*.#! ]^_[`a-1��bcd��e�fg�-hi jZR� 30Z�kl�D#8�!mD (Funakoshi & Uchida, 1978)� �����no���9?pqj�rs 4Z� t�pq�Tu*mR7�� ]^��t��D#Tu!mD8�R� Ivw�xy z{M 4�[��12D�pq�]^��.7�|�P!.#� Y� 9?pqj� ����AB�s}�-~�"#8�!����2D# (Yasui et al., 1997)� ����4�� 9:!Q�12����*�� ����=!723����AB��D������� 8��no��*��AB�s}�-���� �������R7��WX��#���� ����4��* ��12����B��� �@<=���WX���� v��R (2004)-(#���������f�56��`��[�X#���12D#� �����9:!���}=R7��C� ���*+���������R�9?���jpq�� !�����8�R� ����D�f�56��`��[�X2D��*WX��������R7���f =�6����[��56��no�-� 12D#� 8��R ��=#56���U� ¡�¢£¤ ¥¦ !�§d ¨£©�� !����"�ª«��¬B (Yasui et al., 1997) ���"��Qu�-�}�A­ ���e#: I®$¯®$ 1997M °�

± 4. no�����%²���������� I³´µ ¶$·&M�Fig. 4. A common Japanese pipistrelle bat captured at Kikyo-mon Gate in the Imperial Palace

(Photographed by Mr. Masahiko Mizuno).

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���� ���� 1992� ����� ������������������������ !"#�$� %�&�'(�&� )* (2000) +�,-./����0 �����/$1�2� $����1�/34� �������5�6� 789:;6<.��</�=1<-�/ >?@�AB!����������<.C9D� ��E�������&F9-3 :;G !�F�6� H"#$6I"J�KL"K�%&'&M2� ()��*N�OP&F9-3 ��QR�� +S��CN�>?@�AB!���E����%&'�,T<3-�UV. (2003) 6/��W3 -�UV. (2003) ���6� >?@�AB!���E����%&��� XYZ�[1��\�&HN./��6�]�&01�1^6<./� ,T_!>!�`�6� ��E�&�2F9-3��23�[45�_!>� H"#$��a�bc-� I"J�KL"K&6��7[8d/3346ef9-� 9�gha�i43gh:;<�j=��&�><.C[� 789��6<.1kX��6<.1>?@�AB!�E�'�l/��6/f3 ?@�� mA;<�inBCDa�oCDa�=N.���E�&E�2� �Wp/<3��\�6qF<./�6rs-3 �G� 4tu�()��)v�� >?@�AB!���E�&�2wx,-3&� HI6<.()��Jy��=W3 ()��>?@�AB!�XYZ��zKL&MN���6=9 �-�UV.� 2003�� ()=9OP(�XYZ�)v��<./3�=1<-�/ c3� B. D. �{�& 30

mQ����6=9� (l���RS�(|� �\�����/.�Jy,-./�/�61}~<./�=1<-�/ H"#$6/�2��\�&�&�I"J�KL"K�� T,T�kX��6<.U�V�%&,-�=W3 ���6�I"J�KL"K&>?@�AB!�6W.��kX����2� ��kX�������id���\�6<.��,-./��W'&���6��(1��� ��� ��E����%&'�X9=�(����� kX�YZ1e[(�\1&����� ����;��abc-� ����1H"#$6��a�R]�3&7[8d�'(� 62�H"#$�kX��6<.�%&'&M=W3�6=9� ���>@?�AB!�6W.�a�01�^��_W./�6ef9-3 >?@�AB!�kXE��� /����`��6c��I�c-� �2�ab�kX�����<./2 (Funakoshi & Uchida, 1978) �"���>?@�AB! Pipistrellus pipistrellus 1/��kX���c[C��W.��<� �de<2;�<.kX(� (Racey & Swift, 1985) �����fg�I�� hfCiB=9ja�6��<kX<./3�6=9� ���1ab�kX�����<kX<./��6&s=W3 ���I&jaB�6cW./3�����1 25 ��W3 �"���>?@�AB!�� 9k�kX���6c�l���� 22 �6,-�  ����zK����W.m¡<� ��&�/���n�I�@<.�¢£'&o(6,-� (Racey

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Summary

The day roosts and foraging areas of the common Japanese pipistrelle bat, P. abramus, were investigated

in the Imperial Palace, Tokyo, Japan. Since the six roosts are observed at Kikyo-mon Gate and

Sakashita-mon Gate, we demonstrate that the pipistrelles often use the roost also within the Imperial

Palace. The openings of the Japanese traditional roof tile may be suitable for the roost of bat in the Palace.

The results of the line census point out that the pipistrelles do not use the whole area of the Imperial Palace,

however, prefer the areas along the moats such as the regions near Kikyo and Ote Gates. From the track

data of an individual with chemiluminescent tag, we conclude that the pipistrelle use the roots along the

paved road and Hamaguri-bori Moat in the foraging areas. The findings indicate the nocturnal foraging

activity in the Imperial Palace, and provide us with the fundamental data on the behavior of the common

Japanese pipistrelle within the large city.

� � � �

qVWt��ul����t� 2004. ¥�L�£¨������� (Pipistrellus abramus) 3©11ª ��«r���¬����:��9 Animate, (5): 29�35.

j­��� 1974. -. (6r\®� (2)9 'L��¯ 7:�H/°�&op ��^ ���� pp. 27�46.

Funakoshi, K. & T. A. Uchida, 1978. Studies on the physiological and ecological adaptation of temperate

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