Download pdf - NAME/NAAM: GEOMORPHOLOGY/ GEOMORFOLOGIE ......GEOMORPHOLOGY/ GEOMORFOLOGIE 1 Name the FOUR layers of the earth and give the following information/ Benoem die VIER lae van die aarde

NAME/NAAM: ______________________________________________________________

GRADE/ GRAAD 10 GEOGRAPHY/ GEOGRAFIE

GEOMORPHOLOGY/ GEOMORFOLOGIE

1 Name the FOUR layers of the earth and give the following information/ Benoem die VIER

lae van die aarde en gee die volgende

inligting ( figure/ figuur 3.25):

1______________________________

Density/ Digtheid________________________

Thickness/ dikte ______________________

Description/

beskrywing__________________________________________________________________

_______________________

___________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________

2_____________________________


Thickness/ Dikte ________________________

Description/

Beskrywing__________________________________________________________________

________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________

3_____________________________


Thickness/ Dikte_________________________

Description/

Beskrywing__________________________________________________________________

_______________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________

4____________________________

Density/ Digtheid_______________________

Thickness/ Dikte _______________________

Description/

Beskrywing__________________________________________________________________

_______________________

___________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________

2. Name the THREE main rock types and define each one/ Benoem die DRIE hoof gesteente tipes

en definieer elkeen:

-______________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

__________________

___________________________________________________________________________

__________________

-______________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________

-______________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________

3. Which rock type are “crystalline”?/ Watter rots soort is “kristallyn”?

______________________________

What is the meaning of “crystalline”?/ Wat beteken “kristallyn”?

__________________________________________________________________________________

___________

__________________________________________________________________________________

___________

4. Complete/ Voltooi:

If the magma cools slowly the crystals are ________________. If the magma cools quickly

the crystals are ___________________. As die magma stadig afkoel, is die kristalle

__________________. As die magma vining

afkoel, is die kristalle _______________________.

5. “All igneous rocks are massive.” What does it mean?/ “Alle stollingsgesteentes is massief”.

Wat beteken dit?

__________________________________________________________________________________

_______________

__________________________________________________________________________________

_______________

6. What is the difference between/ Wat is die verskil tussen:

- intrusive rock/intrusiewe gesteentes

_______________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________

and/ en

-extrusive rock/ ekstrusiewe

gesteentes_________________________________________________________________________

____

__________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________

7. Give THREE excamples of igneous rock/ Gee DRIE voorbeelde van stollingsgesteentes:

_________________________

_________________________

_________________________

8. Give two uses of igneous rocks/ Gee twee gebruike van stollingsgesteentes

__________________________________________________________________________________

_________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

_________________

9. Explain how sedimentary rocks is formed/ Verduidelik hoe sedimentere gesteentes

gevorm word.

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________

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__________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________

10. Give THREE most commen types mechanically formed sedimentary rocks/ Gee DRIE van

die algemeenste soorte meganies gevormde

sedimentere gesteentes:

__________________________________________

__________________________________________

__________________________________________

11. Give TWO types of organically formed sedimentary rocks/ Gee TWEE tipes organies

gevormde sedimentere gesteentes:

_________________________________________

_________________________________________

12. Metamorphic rock formed from different sedimentary rocks and igneous rocks – for

example/ Metamorfiese gesteentes vorm uit verskillende sedimetere- en stollingsgesteentes:

-sandstone/ sandsteen > quartzite/ kwartsiet

-limestone/ kalksteen > _______________

-shale/ skalie > _______________

-granite/ granite > _______________

13. Give FOUR uses of metamorphic rocks/ Gee VIER gebruike van metamorfiese

gesteentes:

__________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________


Fossils are find in/ Fossiele word gevind in _____________________

15. Define/ Definieer:

-bedding plane/ laagvlakke

__________________________________________________________________________________

_

__________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________

-rock cycle/

rotssiklus__________________________________________________________________________

______________

__________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________

16. The rock cycle happens over hundreds of millions of years/. Complete the cycle

numbered( figure 3.19): 1 to 10:

Die rotssiklus geskied oor honderde miljoene jare./ Voltooi die siklus, genommer 1 tot

10:

1 ____________________________________________________________

2 ____________________________________________________________

3 ____________________________________________________________

4 ____________________________________________________________

5 ____________________________________________________________

6 ____________________________________________________________

7 ____________________________________________________________

8 ____________________________________________________________

9 ____________________________________________________________

10 ____________________________________________________________

Do activities 4 and 5 in your exercise book/ Doen aktiwiteite 4 en 5 in jou werkboek:

17. Define the following igneous intrusions/ Definieer die volgende stollingsintrusies (

figure/ fIguur 3.25 ):

-batholith/

batoliet____________________________________________________________________________

_______

__________________________________________________________________________________

________________

-laccolith/

lakkoliet___________________________________________________________________________

________

__________________________________________________________________________________

________________

-lopolith/

lapliet_____________________________________________________________________________

_________

__________________________________________________________________________________

________________

-sill/

plaat______________________________________________________________________________

_____________

__________________________________________________________________________________

________________

-dyke/

gang______________________________________________________________________________

___________

__________________________________________________________________________________

________________

-volcanic pipe/ vulkaniese

pyp__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

________________

-monolith/

monoliet___________________________________________________________________________

_______

__________________________________________________________________________________

_________________

18. Give an example of a monolith/ Gee ‘n voorbeeld van ‘n monoliet:

_______________________________________________

19. Define the following landforms associated with igneous rocks/ Definieer die volgende

landvorme geassosieer met

Stollingsgesteentes ( figure/ figuur 3.27 ):

-mesas( flat-topped hill )/

tafelkop___________________________________________________________________________

____

-butte ( smaller flat-topped hill )/

spitskop_________________________________________________________________________

-conical hill/ koniese

heuwels___________________________________________________________________________

________

20. Where are the above mentioned landforms are find? Waar word bogenoemde

landvorme aangetref?

_____________________________


-plateau/

plato______________________________________________________________________________

________________

-plain/

vlakte_____________________________________________________________________________

___________________

-escarpment/

escarp_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________

Do activity/ Doen aktiwiteit: 6

Moving continets/ Bewegende kontinente ( figures/ figure: 3.30 – 3.32 )


-continental drift/ kontinentale

drywing_________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

________________________

-Who named this theory/ Wie het die teorie benoem?

___________________________________________________

23. He suggested -about 200 million years ago all continets were one/ Hy het beweer dat

ongeveer 200 miljoen jaar gelede- daar net

een continent was:

What was this continent named/ Hoe is die continent genoem?

_______________________

24. This “continent” split into two separate masses called/Die “continent” het opgebreek in

twee afsonderlike landmassas, bekend as:

North/ Noord = ____________________

South/ Suid = ____________________

25. Write a paragraph about evidence proved that Wegener had been right after all/ Skryf

‘n paragraaf oor die bewyse dat Wegener

wel korrek was.

____________________._____________________________________________________________

_________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

________________

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________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

________________

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________________


Plate tectonics/ Plaattektonika ( figure/ figuur 3.34 and/ en 3.35 ):


-tectonic plate/ tektoniese

plate____________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________

-plate boundary/

plaatgrense________________________________________________________________________

_______

__________________________________________________________________________________

______________________

27. Write a paragraph to explain the mechanics which causes the plates to move/ Skryf ‘n

paragraaf om die dryfkrag wat kontinente

laat beweeg.

__________________________________________________________________________________

_________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________

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__________________

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__________________

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__________________


Below the crust, the mantle has a _______________________________, it is not

___________________, and

so it can _______________or flow/ Onder die kors, het die mantel ‘n

_____________________________, en daarom kan dit

___________________ of ______________.

29. How geologists describe the upper layer of the mantle, immediately below the plates/

Hoe beskryf die geoloe die boonste laag

van die mantel, reg bo die plate?

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________

30. Name EIGHT tectonic plates/ Benoem AGT tektoniese plate:

______________________________

______________________________

______________________________

______________________________

______________________________

______________________________

______________________________

______________________________


Plate bounderies/ Plaatgrense (figure/ figuur 3.36):

31. Name the THREE types of plate bounderies and define each one/ Benoem die DRIE tipe

plaatgrense en definieer elkeen ( figure/

figuur 3.36):

- ____________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

____________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

____________________

-_____________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

____________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

____________________

-_____________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

____________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

____________________

32. Describe/ Beskryf:

- where folded mountain ranges form/ waar word plooiberge gevorm?

__________________________________________________________________________________

____________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

____________________

- how folded mountain ranges form/ hoe plooiingsgebergtes gevorm word:

__________________________________________________________________________________

____________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

____________________


33. Defer between/ Onderskei tussen:

-constructive plate bounderies/ konstruktiewe

plaatgrense____________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________

-destructive plate bounderies/ destruktiewe

plaatgrense______________________________________________________________

34. Describe/ Beskryf:

-where mid-oceanic ridges form/ waar mid-oseaanriwwe vorm.

__________________________________________________________________________________

____________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

____________________

-the process mid-oceanic ridges form/ die proses hoe mid-oseaanriwwe vorm.

__________________________________________________________________________________

____________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

____________________

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____________________

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____________________

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____________________

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____________________

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____________________

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____________________

-how and where oceanic trenches form/ hoe en waar oseaantroee vorm.

__________________________________________________________________________________

____________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

____________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

____________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

____________________

35. Name the deepest oceanic trench in the world/ Benoem die diepste oseaantrog in die

wereld.

__________________________________________________________________________________

____________________

Do activity/ Doen aktiwiteite: 11 - 14

Activity/ Aktiwiteit 14 – do only/ doen slegs nr 1 and/ en 3!

Folding and faulting/ Plooiing en verskuiwing:

36. What is the difference between/ Wat is die verskil tussen:

-Folding and warping/verbuiging en

plooiing___________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________

-anticlinal and and synclinal/ antiklien en

sinklien_______________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________

37. Name the FOUR types of fold/ Benoem VIER soorte plooie: Draw a simple diagram of

each one next to the type/ Teken ‘n

eenvoudige skets naas elke soort:

_________________________________

_________________________________

_________________________________

_________________________________



-shield/

skild______________________________________________________________________________

_____________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________

-basin/

kom______________________________________________________________________________

______________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________

-fault/

verskuiwing________________________________________________________________________

_______________________

-fault line/

verskuiwingslyn_____________________________________________________________________

____________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________

39. Name types of fault and draw a simple figure of each one/ Benoem die tipes verskuiwings

en teken ‘n eenvoudige skets van elkeen:

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________



-block mountain/

blokberg___________________________________________________________________________

_____________

__________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________

-rift valley/

slenkdal___________________________________________________________________________

__________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________

41. Where is the Great Afican Rift Valley situated/ Waar is die Groot Skeurvallei in Aftika

gelee?

__________________________________________________________________________________

___________________

-Name other types of landforms found in this Rift Valley/ Benoem ander tipe landvorme in

hierdie skeurvallei.

_________________________________

_________________________________

_________________________________

_________________________________


Earthquakes/ Aardbewings:


-earthquake/

aardbewings_______________________________________________________________________

________________

-focus/

focus______________________________________________________________________________

____________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________

-epicentre/

episentrum________________________________________________________________________

__________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________

-seismic wave/ seismiese

golf_______________________________________________________________________________

______

__________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________

-P and S wave/ P-en S-

golwe_____________________________________________________________________________

_________

__________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________

-L-wave/ L-

golwe_____________________________________________________________________________

___________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________

-tsunami/

tsoenami__________________________________________________________________________

____________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________

43. What is the speed and height of a tsunami/ Wat is die spoed en hoogte van ‘n tsoenami?

-_______________________

-_______________________

44. What is/ Wat is:

-seismograph/

seismograaf________________________________________________________________________

__________________

-Richter scale/ Richter-

skaal______________________________________________________________________________

___________

45. Effective tsunami warning system uses a series of sensors to detect that a tsunami is

coming/ Effektiewe tsoenami-

waarskuwingstelsel gebruik van ‘n reeks sensors om te bepaal of ‘n tsoenami op pad is:

Name them/ Benoem dit.

-

__________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________

-

__________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________

-

__________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________

-

__________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________

46. “The number of deaths not necessarily rise with the magnitude of a earthquake.”/ “Die

aantal steftes neem nie noodwendig volgens

die grootte van ‘n aardbewing nie”:

Give FIVE reasons why/ Gee VYF redes waarom.

-

__________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________

-

__________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________

-

__________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________

-

__________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________

-

__________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________

47. Write a paragraph: The effects of earthquakes on settlements and the envirionment/ Skryf

‘n paragraaf: Die gevolge van aardbewings

op nedersettings en die omgewing.

__________________________________________________________________________________

________________________

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________________________

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________________________

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________________________

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________________________

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________________________

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________________________

48. Name FOUR economic and FOUR social effects of earthquakes/ Benoem VIER ekonomiese

en VIER sosiale gevolge van aardbewings:

ECONOMIC/ EKONOMIES: SOCIAL/ SOSIAAL:

_______________________________

________________________________

_______________________________

________________________________

_______________________________

________________________________

_______________________________

________________________________

49. Name FIVE strategies goverments can do to reduce the impact of earthquakes/ Benoem

VYF strategiee wat regerings kan doen om

die impak van aardbewings te verminder.

-

__________________________________________________________________________________

____

-

__________________________________________________________________________________

____

-

__________________________________________________________________________________

____

-

__________________________________________________________________________________

____

-

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____

50. List any FIVE objects that should be moved at home/ Benoem enige VYF voorwerpe wat

verwyder behoort te word by die huis:

-______________________________________________

-______________________________________________

-______________________________________________

-______________________________________________

-______________________________________________

51. Where would you be safe during a earthquake/ Waar behoort jy veilig te wees tydens ‘n

aardbewing?

__________________________________________________________________________________

________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

________________________

52. Name TEN disaster supplies to be in place during a disaster/ Benoem TIEN noodvoorrade

wat in plek moet wees tydens ‘n ramp:

_________________________________________

_______________________________________________

_________________________________________

_______________________________________________

_________________________________________

_______________________________________________

_________________________________________

_______________________________________________

_________________________________________

_______________________________________________

Volcanoes/ Vulkane:

53. Name THREE different kinds of volcanoes and “define” them/ Benoem DRIE verskillende

vulkane en definieer elkeen.

-_________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________

-_________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________

-_________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________


magma chamber/

magmakamer_______________________________________________________________________

________________

conelet/

keel_______________________________________________________________________________

________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________

55. Discuss a composite volcano/ Bespreek ‘n saamgestelde vulkaan.

__________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________


56. Write a paragraph: How a caldera is formed/ Skryf ‘n paragraaf: Hoe ‘n kaldeira gevorm

word.

__________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________

57. Name FOUR negative and FOUR positive effects of volcanos/ Noem VIER negatiewe en VIER

positiewe gevolge van vulkane:

NEGATIVE/ NEGATIEF: POSITIVE/ POSITIEF:

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________

Do activities/ Doen aktiwiteite: 24, 25 and/ en 26.

EXCAM PRACTISE/ EKSAMENOEFENING pp 187 – 188

1. Write the letter of the correct answer in the open space/ Skryf die letter van die korrekte

antwoord in die oop spasie:

1 ___

2 ___

3 ___

4 ___

5 ___

6 ___

7 ___

8 ___

9 ___

10 ___

2.

2.1. Write the correct answer in the open space/ Skryf die korrekte antwoord in die oop

spasie:

A ___________________

B ___________________

C ___________________

D ___________________

E ___________________

F ___________________

G ___________________

2.2.

____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________

2.3.

2.4.

3.

3.1. _____________________________

3.2. _____________________________

_____________________________

3.3. _____________________________

3.4.

__________________________________________________________________________________

________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

________________

3.5. ______________________________

3.6.

__________________________________________________________________________________

_________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

_________________

4.

4.1. _______________________________

4.2.

__________________________________________________________________________________

___________________

4.3.

__________________________________________________________________________________

___________________

4.4.

__________________________________________________________________________________

___________________

4.5.

__________________________________________________________________________________

___________________

4.6.

__________________________________________________________________________________

___________________

4.7.

__________________________________________________________________________________

___________________

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