8/3/2019 Natamycin a Oelofse
1/13
NATAMYCIN
- whats the story -
Adriaan Oelofse
SASEV/SAWWV Na-Oes Betragting 7 Mei 2010
WINE CELLAR SERVICES (PTY) LTD.
8/3/2019 Natamycin a Oelofse
2/13
TCA Cork Taint
Brett
Burnt Rubber Aroma
Smoke Taint
TBA Taint
NATAMYCIN
Latest Buzzword
STORY: What do you know about Natamycin?
Where can I test it?
Apparently in grape concentrate coming from Argentina?
8/3/2019 Natamycin a Oelofse
3/13
ORIGIN: (DSM Fact sheet)
Antimicrobial substance (antimycotic)
bacterium Streptomyces natalensis
- soil micro-organism isolated in Natal
naturally occurring and prevents growth of yeasts and moulds
Bacteria are not affected by natamycin
no colour, odour or taste
white to yellow crystalline powder
What is Natamycin?
8/3/2019 Natamycin a Oelofse
4/13
APPLICATIONS:
Food: FDA approved in 1994
Widely used as preservative
- cheeses (whole, shredded, soft cheeses),
- Other dairy products (yogurt)
- sausages
Some countries - juices, wine
Medical: antifungal cream, in eyedrops, lozenges
very effective in extremely small quantities
prevents growth of most food spoilage moulds and yeasts
Natamycin is applied in liquid sprays and dips or as powder
Where is it used?
8/3/2019 Natamycin a Oelofse
5/13
USE
As antifungal agent (grape concentrate and wine) To prevent re-fermentation in the bottle (semi-sweet wine)
To stop alcoholic fermentation
Microbial stabilization after bottling Control Brettanomycesyeast spoilage
LEGISLATION
LIQUOR PRODUCTS ACT, ACT 60 OF 1989
Strictly prohibited to export bottled wine containing Natamycin to the EU
USA,Argentina, Chile, Canada, Australia and New Zealand
use of Natamycin in certain countries is legal South Africa
IMPACT (potential)
40 -50% of SA wine production exported to EU
Brand damage & SA Wine Industry damage on international level
During winemaking ?
8/3/2019 Natamycin a Oelofse
6/13
Wine problem?
Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee
recommended quantities of Natamycin
pose absolutely no threat to food safety or human health
not toxic
Recognition:
EU has E number E235 (food additive)
US - natamycin
Where is the problem?
not part of approved list of additives by OIV
Can now test for it!
Impact (Actual) Millions R spent on analysis
South African wine under spotlight & Rejection costs
Alternatives can be costly
8/3/2019 Natamycin a Oelofse
7/13
In bottle
Natamycin
PimaricinNatamax
Delvocid
Actistab
Sources of Natamycin
microbes
winemakingpractices
additives
vineyard
corks
grape concentrate
microbes
winemakingpractices
additives
vineyard
corks
grape concentrate
http://www.flickr.com/photos/minebilder/86433438/8/3/2019 Natamycin a Oelofse
8/13
Wineries implement strict QC protocols Alternatives
Export Certificates (since 15 Jan 2010) NDA issue - export certificate and VI1 document Natamycin test compulsory for export
Request from suppliers Declarations (Products free of Natamycin)
COAs (Certificate of Analysis) Analysis of Natamycin
CAF Central Analytical Facility Stellenbosch University NDA Department of Agriculture, Division liquor products PAREXEL Bioanalytical lab, Mosselbay
Rejected wines (Natamycin > 5 ug/L) Anything positive retested by another lab & instrument, then rejected Sold locally & other markets Treatments investigated
Lab request (CAF) Proper paperwork
Developments
8/3/2019 Natamycin a Oelofse
9/13
Contamination sources PRIMARY GRAPE CONCENTRATE, AS DIRECT ADDITIVE SECONDARY wine tanks, during bottling & equipment, paper towels,
carton boxes, un-used corks, water Clean: Water, Oak chips, most latest corks
Lab analysis More than 5612, 187 positive, 4373 dry wines, Unsure of screwcap numbers, most natural corked and synthetic
International wines tested 12 German wines, all negative Need more
WINETECH Project funded (Dept Chemistry & CAF)
Focus: Improved testing method & Breakdown products
Illegal in EU, Korea, Japan, Chile, USA, AUS, NZ, Canada,Argentina, Georgia
Important info
8/3/2019 Natamycin a Oelofse
10/13
ITS ABOUT MICROBIAL STABILITY!
Potassium sorbate
DMDC Velcorin
Sterile filtration/ Cross flow
Centrifugation Pasteurization
PEF (Pulsed electric fields)
Alternatives
8/3/2019 Natamycin a Oelofse
11/13
GENERAL
Potassium sorbate is the potassium salt of sorbic acid. Food preservative (E number 202).
effective in a variety of applications: food, wine and personal care.
IN WINE
Selective anti-fungal, anti-microbial properties inhibits yeast very effectively not effective against many bacteria
Not added during MLF Active LAB metabolise and form Geranium-like smell (irreversible)
MUST use with SO2 to control acetic acid and malolactic bacteria Very stable in wine.
Legal limit: not exceed 200 mg/L
Potassium Sorbate
8/3/2019 Natamycin a Oelofse
12/13
IN WINE
Dimethyl dicarbonate (DMDC)
approved by FDA, WHO, and EU (Food preservative E number 242)
broad spectrum of effectiveness against spoilage microorganisms
allowed in South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, EU, USA, others
Bottling process technology
to prevent re-fermentation in wines effective against undesirable yeast like Brettanomyces
to decrease the amount of SO2 used
Breaks down completely into methanol and CO2 in hours
Dosages 75 -200 mg/L depending on sugar concentration
Added to wines >5g/l RS
To help stabilize unfiltered premium wines:
No influence on the sensory properties of the wine
Velcorin DMDC
8/3/2019 Natamycin a Oelofse
13/13
THANK YOU
Central Analytical Facility (US) Tel: 021 808 5825
Dept Agriculture: Div Liquor Products Tel: 021 809 0224
THALES WINE CELLAR SERVICES Tel: 021 887 1235
Email: [email protected]
Cellar hygiene & recommendations
Audits & problem identification
Risk prevention service
Oenological products
Barrel hygiene
Wine treatment
www.thaleswcs.co.za