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5th ALPS-ADRIA SCIENTIFIC WORKSHOP 2006. Opatija

Some harmful or useful environmental effect of nitrogen fertilizers

ERZSBET NDASY - MIKLS NDASY

University of Veszprm, Georgikon Faculty of Agriculture, Institute for Plant Protection, Keszthely

A nitrt talakulsa a nvnyben s az emberi szervezetben

A nitrogn-krforgalom elemei s folyamatai

(Nmeth, 1996)

Tltrgyzott monokultrs kukoricatblk talaj-szelvnyeinek nitrt-N profilja

(Nmeth, 1996)

A Nitrt direktva

Az Eurpai Kzssgek Tancsa irnyelveket (91/676/EEC) adott ki 1991 decemberben: - rendelkezik a mezgazdasgi eredet nitrt szennyezs elleni vzvdelemrl, - az llattart telepek trgyakibocstsnak szablyozsrl, - a talajvizek megengedett nitrttartalmt 50 mg/l-re korltozza, - a szerves trgyval kijuttatott nitrogn mennyisgt vi 170 kg/ha-ra maximlja, - behatrolja az szi nitrognmtrgya mennyisgt (maximum 80 kg nitrt, vagy 40 kg ammnium/ha) Magyarorszgon a 49/2001. (IV.3.) Kormnyrendelet clja: - A vizek vdelme a mezgazdasgi eredet nitrtszennyezdssel szemben, s a meglv nitrt-szennyezettsg cskkentse. Szigor kvetelmnyeket llt a magyarorszgi llattartkkal s mezgazdasgi termelkkel szemben az llattart telepekkel s szerves trgya kijuttatssal kapcsolatban.

A zldsgflk csoportostsa az akkumullt nitrt mennyisge alapjn

(Terbe et al., 1986)

SYMBOL 129 \f "Wingdings" 200 mg NO3/kg tartalom alattiak:

burgonya, sprga, csiperke, paprika, paradicsom, kelbimb, cikria, zldbors, zldbab

SYMBOL 130 \f "Wingdings" 200-500 mg NO3/kg tartalmak:

tojsgymlcs, uborka, karfiol, brokkoli, dinnye, vrshagyma, feketegykr

SYMBOL 131 \f "Wingdings" 500-1000 mg NO3/kg tartalmak:

fejes kposzta, kelkposzta, vrs kposzta, leveles kel, srgarpa

SYMBOL 132 \f "Wingdings" 1000-2500 mg NO3/kg:

endvia salta, gumszeller, petrezselyem, karalb, rebarbara, prhagyma

SYMBOL 133 \f "Wingdings" 2500 mg NO3/kg felett:

halvnyt zeller, hnapos retek, tli retek, fejes salta, spent s egyb saltaflk

Zldsgflk megengedhet nitrtkoncentrcija a klnbz orszgokban

Szovjet-

uni

SYMBOL 129 \f "Wingdings"

Cseh-szlovkia


Nmet-

orszg


Hollandia SYMBOL 132 \f "Wingdings"

Svjc SYMBOL 133 \f "Wingdings"

Ausztria SYMBOL 134 \f "Wingdings"

NDK SYMBOL 135 \f "Wingdings"

nov.-mrc.

pr.-okt.

nov.-mrc.

pr.-okt.

nov.-mrc.

pr.-okt.

salta veghz

1825

3000

4300

3000

4000

3500

4000

3000

salta szntfld

730

2500

spent

730

2000

4300

3500

3500

3000

2000

1200

retek

2190

3000

4500

3500

srgarpa

300

730

3000

4000

3500

3000

4500

3500

ckla

1400

2190

prhagyma

1500

fokhagyma

150

vrshagyma

60

75

kposzta

300

440

875

uborka

160

300

zldbors

220

zldbab

220

uborka

160

300

tk

45

150

nyers zldsg

900


SYMBOL 130 \f "Wingdings" =Prugar et al. (1991); SYMBOL 131 \f "Wingdings"

SYMBOL 132 \f "Wingdings" = Kmecl (1991); SYMBOL 133 \f "Wingdings" = Claus (1983), Kmecl (1991); SYMBOL 134 \f "Wingdings" = Bogdnn (1992), Kmecl (1991); SYMBOL 135 \f "Wingdings" = Paschold et al. (1986a)

A nvnyek nitrttartalmnak hatrrtkei

NO3 mg/kg frisstmeg a nvny nitrttartalma500 alattalacsony500-1500kzepes1500-2500magas2500 felettigen magas

A nvnyek nitrtfelhalmozst befolysol tnyezk

Genetikai tnyezk:Krnyezeti tnyezk:-nvnyfaj s fajta -talajtulajdonsgok-fejlettsgi stdium -fny-nvnyi rsz -hmrsklet -vzellts, csapadk Agrotechnikai tnyezk: lelmiszer feldolgozsi -nvny tpanyagelltsa eljrsok-vets, termeszts, betakarts ideje-nvnyvd szerek hatsa

Klnbz fejes salta fajtk nitrttartalmnak vltozsa nvekv N-mtrgya adagok hatsra

N-mtrgyk hatsa a borslevl nitrttartalmra

termsrskor

virgzskor

4-6 leveles korban

A fokhagyma levl- s hagyma-nitrttartalom vltozsa a N-mtrgyzs hatsra

A N-mtrgyzs s a vzellts hatsa a salta nitrttartalmra

A nitrttartalom cskkentsnek mdja a termeszts sorn

- kevesebb nitrtot akkumull fajtk termesztse - a termshez szksges mennyisg, optimlis N-mtrgya felhasznlsa - a megfelel N-forma megvlasztsa - optimlis vzellts - napstses idben val lehetleg dlutni betakarts

Nitrogen fertilizationEssential to the optimal nutrient supply of the plants.Useful effects:more cropbetter qualityHarmful effects:leaching to the groundwater or surface water get into the food chain as nitratedirect or indirect effect on animals living in the soil : changing pH and salinity of the soil, influences feeding of the pestsE. Ndasy-M. Ndasy: Some harmful or useful environmental effect of nitrogen fertilizers


Transformation of nitrate in the plants and in the human organizm5th ALPS-ADRIA SCIENTIFIC WORKSHOP 2006. Opatija

Classification of vegetables on the basis of accumulated nitrate(Terbe et al., 1986)

SYMBOL 129 \f "Wingdings" under 200 mg NO3/kg fresh mass:

potato,asparagus, champignon, green pepper, tomato,brussels sprouts, chicory,

green beans, green pea

200-500 mg NO3/kg fresh mass:

aubergine, cucumber, cauliflower, broccoli, melone, onion

SYMBOL 131 \f "Wingdings" 500-1000 mg NO3/kg fresh mass:

cabbage, savoy cabbage, red cabbage, leafy cabbage, carot

SYMBOL 132 \f "Wingdings" 1000-2500 mg NO3/kg fresh mass:

wild endive, bulbous celery, parsly, kohlrabi, rhubarb, leek

SYMBOL 133 \f "Wingdings" above 2500 mg NO3/kg fresh mass:

garden radish, black radish, head lettuce, and other species of lettuce, spinach

Classification of the plants according to the nitrate content

NO3 mg/kg fresh mass Nitrate content of the plant< 500 low500-1500medium1500-2500high2500 > very high

Maximum level of nitrate in vegetables in EU

product

harvest time

growing

maximum level

(mg NO3/kg)

fresh spinach

1. October-31. March

3000

fresh spinach

1. April-30. September

2500

Preserved,deep-frozen

or frozen spinach

2000

Fresh lettuce


Grown under cover

4500

Fresh lettuce


Grown in open air

4000

Fresh lettuce

1. April-30. September

Grown in open air

2500

"Iceberg" tipe lettuce


Grown under cover

2500

"Iceberg" tipe lettuce


Grown in open air

2000

Official Journal of the European Communities (2001, 2005)

Determinants of nitrate accumulation of plants Genetical factors:Environmental factors:- species and varieties of plant - characteristics of soil- stadium of growth - period and intensity of light- plant part - temperature - water supplyCultivation factors: Food-industrial processes-plant nutrition, mainly N -plant protection, pesticides-time of sowing and harvesting, growing period

Effect of N-fertilizers on nitrate content of pea leavesAt ripeningIn blossomAt 4-6 leaf stage0800160024003200400048005600640004080160320640N-treatments (mg N/kg soil)NO3 mg/kg fresh massNH4NO3(NH4)2SO4Ca(NO3)20800160024003200400048005600640004080160320640N-treatments (mg N/kg soil)NO3 mg/kg fresh massNH4NO3(NH4)2SO4Ca(NO3)20800160024003200400048005600640004080160320640N-treatments (mg N/kg soil)NO3 mg/kg fresh massNH4NO3(NH4)2SO4Ca(NO3)2. Ndasy-M. Ndasy: Some harmful or useful environmental effect of nitrogen fertilizers


Effect of nitrogen fertilization on lettuce varieties

Methods

pot experiment in green housefour replicationsRamann brown forest soilvarieties: Kobak, Mjus kirlya, Great lakes0, 100, 400, 800 mg N/kg soil as NH4NO3irrigation by weigh to 70% of MWHCleaf samples were collected at 8 week ageE. Ndasy-M. Ndasy: Some harmful or useful environmental effect of nitrogen fertilizers


Nitrate concentration of different lettuce varieties influenced by N- fertilizer doses01000200030004000500060000100400800N-treatments mg /kg soilmg NO3/kg fresh masskobakmjus kirlyagreat leaksE. Ndasy-M. Ndasy: Some harmful or useful environmental effect of nitrogen fertilizers

LSD5%:227

Effect of nitrogen and water supply on lettuce

Methods

pot experiment in green housefour replicationsRamann brown forest soilvariety: Balaton zld0, 100, 200, 300, 400 mg N/kg soil as NH4NO3irrigation by weigh to 40, 60, 80 % of MWHCleaf samples were collected at 6 week age

E. Ndasy-M. Ndasy: Some harmful or useful environmental effect of nitrogen fertilizers


Effect of nitrogen and water supply on fresh mass of lettuceE. Ndasy-M. Ndasy: Some harmful or useful environmental effect of nitrogen fertilizers


Diagram1

28.93527.62633.986

47.02150.08354.157

52.79156.85264.883

21.9151.62266.75

22.49741.5158.538

LSD5% N = 5,55LSD5%W = 4,30

40 % VK

60 % VK

80 % VK

N-treatments (mg N/kg soil)

fresh mass (g)

Munka1

effect of n and water supply on fresh mass of lettuce

Munka1

28.93527.62633.986

47.02150.08354.157

52.79156.85264.883

21.9151.62266.75

22.49741.5158.538

LSD5% N = 5,55LSD5%W = 4,30

40 % VK

60 % VK

80 % VK


fresh mass (g)

Munka2

N in dry mass of lettuce

Munka2

1.4241.031.176

2.2271.9391.973

3.0332.7492.62

3.0063.0132.894

2.9913.0573.097

LSD5% N = 0,209LSD5% W = 0,162

40 % VK

60 % VK

80 % VK


N-concentration (%)

Munka3

2111770

1455662413

362733242361

721371075756

886481136577

LSD5% N = 726,680

LSD5% W = 562,885

40 % VK

60 % VK

80 % VK

NO3-concentration in fresh mass (mg/kg)


A vz- s N-kezelsek hatsa a zldtmeg NO3-tartalmra saltban

Mortality of cockchafer grub effect on Steinernema glaseri influenced by nitrogen fertilisers

N mg/kg soilNH4NO3NH4NO3+CaNO3CO(NH2)2Ca(NO3)2

100 mg N/kg soil56.256.281.231.2

200 mg N/kg soil37.537.562.56.25

300 mg N/kg soil19.56.2537.50

56.237.519.5

56.237.56.25

81.262.537.5

31.26.250

N-treatments( mg/kg soil)

mortality (%)

56.237.519.5

56.237.56.25

81.262.537.5

31.26.250

100 mg N/kg soil

200 mg N/kg soil

300 mg N/kg soil

N-treatments

Mortality (%)

Effect of nitrogen and water supply on nitrogen concentration of lettuceE. Ndasy-M. Ndasy: Some harmful or useful environmental effect of nitrogen fertilizers


Diagram6

1.4241.031.176

2.2271.9391.973

3.0332.7492.62

3.0063.0132.894

2.9913.0573.097

LSD5% N = 0,21LSD5% W = 0,16

40 % VK

60 % VK

80 % VK


N-concentration (%)

Munka1


Munka1

28.93527.62633.986

47.02150.08354.157

52.79156.85264.883

21.9151.62266.75

22.49741.5158.538

LSD5% N = 5,55LSD5%W = 4,30

40 % VK

60 % VK

80 % VK


fresh mass (g)

Munka2


Munka2

1.4241.031.176

2.2271.9391.973

3.0332.7492.62

3.0063.0132.894

2.9913.0573.097

LSD5% N = 0,21LSD5% W = 0,16

40 % VK

60 % VK

80 % VK


N-concentration (%)

Munka3

2111770

1455662413

362733242361

721371075756

886481136577

LSD5% N = 726,68LSD5% W = 562,88

40 % VK

60 % VK

80 % VK


N-treatments(mg N/kg soil)



100 mg N/kg soil56.256.281.231.2

200 mg N/kg soil37.537.562.56.25

300 mg N/kg soil19.56.2537.50

56.237.519.5

56.237.56.25

81.262.537.5

31.26.250


mortality (%)

000

000

000

000

100 mg N/kg soil

200 mg N/kg soil

300 mg N/kg soil

N-treatments

Mortality (%)

Effect of N-fertilization and water supply on nitrate content of lettuceE. Ndasy-M. Ndasy: Some harmful or useful environmental effect of nitrogen fertilizers5th ALPS-ADRIA SCIENTIFIC WORKSHOP 2006. Opatija

Diagram5

2111770

1455662413

362733242361

721371075756

886481136577

LSD5% N = 726,68LSD5% W = 562,88

40 % VK

60 % VK

80 % VK



Munka1


Munka1

28.93527.62633.986

47.02150.08354.157

52.79156.85264.883

21.9151.62266.75

22.49741.5158.538

LSD5% N = 5,55LSD5%W = 4,30

40 % VK

60 % VK

80 % VK


fresh mass (g)

Munka2


Munka2

1.4241.031.176

2.2271.9391.973

3.0332.7492.62

3.0063.0132.894

2.9913.0573.097

LSD5% N = 0,21LSD5% W = 0,16

40 % VK

60 % VK

80 % VK


N-concentration (%)

Munka3

2111770

1455662413

362733242361

721371075756

886481136577

LSD5% N = 726,68LSD5% W = 562,88

40 % VK

60 % VK

80 % VK





100 mg N/kg soil56.256.281.231.2

200 mg N/kg soil37.537.562.56.25

300 mg N/kg soil19.56.2537.50

56.237.519.5

56.237.56.25

81.262.537.5

31.26.250


mortality (%)

000

000

000

000

100 mg N/kg soil

200 mg N/kg soil

300 mg N/kg soil

N-treatments

Mortality (%)

Interaction between N-fertilization, cockchafer grub and entomophatogenic nematodesMethods

Pot experiment in laboratory, 14 day period4 cockchafer grub+1500 pieces of Steinernema glaseri/ pot

E. Ndasy-M. Ndasy: Some harmful or useful environmental effect of nitrogen fertilizers

5th ALPS-ADRIA SCIENTIFIC WORKSHOP 2006. Opatija0, 100, 200, 300 mg N/kg soil asammonium-nitrateammonium nitrate+calcium-carbonate (Ptis)carbamidecalcium-nitrate (Kalcinol)

Mortality of cockchafer grub effected by Steinernema glaseri influenced by nitrogen fertilizersE. Ndasy-M. Ndasy: Some harmful or useful environmental effect of nitrogen fertilizers

5th ALPS-ADRIA SCIENTIFIC WORKSHOP 2006. OpatijaLSD5%:11,5

Diagram8

56.237.519.5

56.237.56.25

81.262.537.5

31.26.250

100 mg N/kg soil

200 mg N/kg soil

300 mg N/kg soil

N-treatments

Mortality (%)

Munka1


Munka1

28.93527.62633.986

47.02150.08354.157

52.79156.85264.883

21.9151.62266.75

22.49741.5158.538

LSD5% N = 5,55LSD5%W = 4,30

40 % VK

60 % VK

80 % VK


fresh mass (g)

Munka2


Munka2

1.4241.031.176

2.2271.9391.973

3.0332.7492.62

3.0063.0132.894

2.9913.0573.097

LSD5% N = 0,21LSD5% W = 0,16

40 % VK

60 % VK

80 % VK


N-concentration (%)

Munka3

2111770

1455662413

362733242361

721371075756

886481136577

LSD5% N = 726,68LSD5% W = 562,88

40 % VK

60 % VK

80 % VK





100 mg N/kg soil56.256.281.231.2

200 mg N/kg soil37.537.562.56.25

300 mg N/kg soil19.56.2537.50

000

000

000

000


mortality (%)

000

000

000

000

100 mg N/kg soil

200 mg N/kg soil

300 mg N/kg soil

N-treatments

Mortality (%)

ConclusionsWe must keep away from overdosage of N-fertilizer in lettuce growing.It was established that we can decrease nitrate content of lettuce with optimal water supply. We must prefer genetically low nitrate storable varieties.N-fertilizers can effect on pests and nematodes living in the soil.N-fertilizers had not any negative effect on cockchafer grubs.Nematodes were more sensitive to fertilization.5th ALPS-ADRIA SCIENTIFIC WORKSHOP 2006. OpatijaE. Ndasy-M. Ndasy: Some harmful or useful environmental effect of nitrogen fertilizers

Thank you for your attention!E. Ndasy-M. Ndasy: Some harmful or useful environmental effect of nitrogen fertilizers THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
