7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
1/117
1
UNIVERSIDAD DE GUAYAQUIL
Facultad de Filosofa Letras y Ciencias de La Educacin
Blended Learning System
Guayaquil Main Campus
Educational Project
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of:
Licenciado en Ciencias de la Educacin
Major In: English Language and Linguistics.
TOPIC:
HOW TO LEARN ENGLISH THROUGH TECHNOLOGICALRESOURCES.
PROPOSAL:
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN INTERACTIVE CD TOSUPPORT BASIC ENGLISH LEARNING
CODE:
NMLL1-4-049
RESEARCH:
Prof: Washington Darwin Jijn Boza
PROJECTS ADVISOR
Msc. Susana Di Lorenzo
Guayaquil-Ecuador
2013
7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
2/117
II
UNIVERSIDAD DE GUAYAQUIL
FACULTAD DE FILOSOFA, LETRAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIN
School of Languages and Linguistics
DIRECTIVES
MSC.DR. FERNANDO CHUCHUCA MSC. WILSON ROMERO
DEAN DEAN ASSISTANT
DR. GABRIEL REYES MSC. WALTER MENENENDEZ
DIRECTOR NATIONAL DIRECTOR
MSC.SEBASTIN CADENA A.
GENERAL SECRETARY
7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
3/117
III
7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
4/117
IV
Dedication
This is dedicated to my parents and my sister for their unconditional
support during all these years of studying.
God bless them.
Thank you so much!
Washington Darwin Jijn Boza
7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
5/117
V
Acknowledgment
Thanks to God, to my Family, the Directors, Counselors of the project,
teachers and students of the Nueva Juventud Elementary School because
without them it could not have been possible finishing the present
investigation.
Washington Darwin Jijn Boza
7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
6/117
VI
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FRONT PAGE.i
SIGNATURE PAGE.........ii
TUTORS REPORT......iii
DEDICATION........iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT...v
TABLE OF CONTENTS...vi-ix
CHART INDEX......x-xi
GRAPHICS INDEX.. xi-xii
INTRODUCTION.1-2-3-4
CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM .4
Outline of the Problem ...........................................................................4
Location of the problem in context....4
Problem Situation....5
Causes and Consequences...5
Delimitation of the Problem....6
Formulation of the Problem....7
Evaluation of the Problem..7
Variables of the Problem....7
Dependent Independent.....7- 8
Objectives of the Investigation...8
Objectives: General & Specifics....8
Questions of the investigation....8-9
Justification and Importance.........9-10
CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL FOUNDATION ........11
7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
7/117
VII
Background ............11
Theoretical Foundation .11
Compact disc 11,12,13
Compact Disc-interactive...13
Pen drive..........14
Tablet computer...14
Tablet PC .........14
The iPad ...15Mobile computing.15
Android ............................................................................. ..........16
Information technology ...16
Motivation .........16
Types of motivation .17
Intrinsic Motivation ..17
Extrinsic Motivation ........17
Reading Skills ..18
Reading Comprehension ...18
Listening 19
Speaking .. 19
Writing ...20
Grammar ......... 20
Program Visual Basic ..20-21
Graphical Design ..21
Event-Driven Programming ........22
Opinion ...22-
Program Flash Multimedia ..23
Program Photo Shop....23
The Photoshop workspace..........24
Program Windows Media Player ....24
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-an-android.htmhttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-an-android.htmhttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-an-android.htm7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
8/117
VIII
Epistemological foundation .........25
Epistemology ...........25
Pragmatism .....26-27
Technological Foundation ..... 27-28
Human Performance 28-29
pedagogical Foundation .29
Pedagogy .29
Pedagogy as Science 30Pedagogy as a technique ..30
Psychological Foundation 30-31
Sociological Foundation ..31
Philosophical Foundation ..32
Meaning of philosophy ...32
Contextual Frame ...32
Legal frame . 32-33
Glossary ...34-36
Bibliography ..37-38
References ....38
CHAPTER IIIMETHODOLOGY .39
Introduction ...40
Type of the investigation ...39
Methods .....39
Scientific method ....39.
Descriptive Investigation ... .40
Bibliographic investigation ....41
Field investigation or direct ...41
Scientific method ... 41
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Performance_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Performance_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Performance_Technology7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
9/117
IX
Statistic method ..42
Investigation technique ..42
The observation ..43
Survey ..44
The interview ...44
Population ....44
Sample ..45
Application of investigation instruments. ........46Interviews..47-48.
CHAPTER IV - ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULT.. 49-
Analysis and interpretation of the result ...49-58
Conclusion and recommendation. .59-60
CHAPTER V - DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT..61
Background .61
Justification ..61
Diagnostic 62
Problematic foundation ......62
Objectives ....62
Specific objectives ..62
General objectives .63
Importance ...63
Feasible 63
Legal aspect ..66-67
Pedagogical aspect67
Philosophical aspect .68
Mission . .. 65
Vision 65
7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
10/117
X
Polices...65
Beneficiaries 65
Social impact ...66
Description of the project 68-90
CHART INDEX
CHART 1
Causes and Consequences.......4
CHART2
Population and Sample ......6
CHART 3 Survey to the Students
Do you like English language?................................................................. 49
CHART 4 Survey to the Students
Is English class difficult for you? .50
CHART 5Survey to the Students
Is your English class in school interactive?...............................................51
7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
11/117
XI
CHART 6Survey to the Students
Would you like to learn English through video games?.............................52
CHART 7
Survey to the Students
Do you like the image relationship, sound and colors with the English53class?
CHART9 Survey to the Students
Would you like to use an interactive cd in your English class?.................54
CHART 10 Survey to the Students
Do you consider the use of technology in the English language very
important? 55
CHART11 Survey to the Students
Are English classes interesting using an interactive cd? .56
CHARTRAPHIC 12 Survey to the Students
Would you like to improve your English knowledge? .57
CHARTRAPHIC 13 Survey to the Students
Would you like to practice using a multimedia program in your
Englisclass? .58
7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
12/117
XII
GRAPHIC INDEX
GRAPHIC 1
Survey to the Students
Do you like English language?..................................................................49
GRAPHIC 2
Survey to the Students
Is English class difficult for you? 58
GRAPHIC 3
Survey to the Students
Is your English class in school interactive?............................................59
GRAPHIC 4
Survey to the Students
Would you like to learn English through video games? 60
GRAPHIC 5
Survey to the Students
Do you like the image relationship, sound and colors with the English
class? ..61
GRAPHIC 6Survey to the Students
Would you like to use an interactive cd in your English class? 62
7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
13/117
XIII
GRAPHIC 7
Survey to the Students
Do you consider the use of technology in the English language very
important? ..63
GRAPHIC 8
Survey to the Students
Are English classes interesting using an interactive cd? ...64
GRAPHIC 9
Survey to the Students
Would you like to improve your English knowledge? .65
GRAPHIC 10
Survey to the Students
Would you like to practice using a multimedia program in your English
class? 66
7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
14/117
XIV
7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
15/117
15
INTRODUCTION
English language is very important nowadays and is hand in hand
with technology. Teachers should update their skills and the use of
interactive cd as didactical materials. This is a very important support for
the work development and the change to teach, adjusting to the real time
in a changing world.
The giant development in technology is a big step that shouldnt be
in history. They should incorporate knowledge to the way time is changing
and giving learning according to our technological age and each day the
information is developed and used in these small gadgets that store great
quantity of information.
This investigation was conducted to give a change to the way the
English teaching-learning is being used as a technological tool as a
principal base teacher can use the multimedia software or interactive cd
program. The objective that they can learn and know well its use and thesoftware in their English class and it will be a great help for developing
language skills.
The proposal that the author gives English teachers in the sixth
grade General Elementary Education area will benefit from a good
material using the technology to teach English in an easy way and that will
7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
16/117
16
be fun to the students in which they will be interested with this new method
of teaching-learning.
CHAPTER ITHE PROBLEM
Outline of the problem, Location of the problem in context, Problem
Situation, Causes and Consequences, Delimitation of the Problem,
Formulation of the Problem, Evaluation of the Problem, Variables of the
Problem, Dependent, Independent, Objectives: General, Specifics;Questions of the investigation, Justification and Importance.
CHAPTER IITHEORETICAL FRAME
Background, Theoretical Foundation, Compact disc, Compact Disc-
interactive, Pen drive, Tablet computer, Tablet PC, The iPad, Mobile
computing, Android, Information technology, Motivation, Types of
motivation, Intrinsic Motivation, Extrinsic Motivation, Extrinsic Motivation,
Reading Skills, Reading Comprehension, Reading Comprehension,
Listening, Listening comprehension, Speaking, Writing, Grammar,
Program Visual Basic, Epistemological Foundation, Epistemology,
Constructivism, Pragmatism, Technological Foundation, Educational
technology, Human Performance Technology, pedagogical Foundation,
Pedagogy, Pedagogy as Science, Pedagogy as a technique,
Psychological Foundation, Sociological Foundation, Philosophical
Foundation, Meaning of philosophy, Contextual Frame, Legal frame,
Glossary, Bibliography and References
CHAPTER IIIMETHODOLOGY
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-an-android.htmhttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-an-android.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Performance_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Performance_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Performance_Technologyhttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-an-android.htm7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
17/117
17
Introduction, Type of the investigation, Methods, Scientific method,
Descriptive Investigation, Bibliographic investigation, Field investigation or
direct, Scientific method, Statistic method, Investigation technique, The
observation, Surveys, The interview, Population, Sample, Application of
investigation instruments.
CHAPTER IV - ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULT
Analysis and interpretation of the result, Conclusion and
recommendation.
CHAPTER V -
Background, Justification, Diagnostic, Problematic foundation,
Objectives, Specific objectives, General objectives, Importance, Feasible,
Legal aspect, Mission, Vision, Beneficiaries, Social impact, Polices.
Description of the project.
7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
18/117
18
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM
OUTLINE OF THE PROBLEM
The problem is a group of several things and truths in situations
that do not allow reaching a goal. In the educative process, the problem
can be pedagogical, psychological or sociological, causing several kinds
of difficulties and backwardness for develop in the teaching learning
process of the English language.
Location of the problem in context
During years of experience, the author in this recent elective year
has found several kinds of problems with the students in the learning of
English language because they dont understand while the teacher speaks
in English or when he/she is writing on the board or when the teacher is
reading a book, a magazine, etc.
The way classes are taught and not use didactic materials show
that students are not interested. These problems were found in the
students of 6th grade of General Elementary Education Nueva Juventud
7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
19/117
19
public Elementary school located in Guayas province, Balzar city,
Pajuigrande village.
7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
20/117
20
Problem Situation
Students of 6th grade have difficulties learning English like
sentences in present and past tense, recognizing regular and irregular
verbs, listening to the dialogue and others topics. The author using the
exploratory investigation, the great problem is that students dont like the
English language. The students dont achieve a good concentration; the
teacher doesnt use necessary materials to get their attention.
Some students however, learn English as a foreign language. The
students in this educational institution are unmotivated, other problems are
that parents dont supervise students do the homework at home; they
must control all activities. This way, students can develop skills in the
English language and they can improve their English knowledge level.
CAUSES OF THE PROBLEM: CONSECUENCES
PICTURE N 1
CAUSES CONSEQUENCES
All students dont like English class Few attention in English class
Teacher does not apply thestudying techniques.
Students dont develop the skills inthe language.
Deficiency in pedagogical material Students cant self-evaluate theirown English level.
No supervision from parents. The students dont get efficiency inEnglish language.
Source: Nueva Juventud Basic School
Author: Prof. Darwin Jijn B
7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
21/117
21
DELIMITATION OF THE PROBLEM
FIELD: General Basic Education
AREA:Foreign Language
ASPECT:Theory and Practice creation of an interactive cd
TOPIC: How to learn English through technological resources.
Proposal: Design and implementation of an interactive cd to support Basic
English learning.
FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM
How to incident the use of an interactive cd in the English learning?
EVALUATION OF THE PROBLEM
This project it will be focused in the followings characteristics
Delimited:
This project and it is content to assist and solve different kinds of
problems that developed in their process learning skills of the students.
7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
22/117
22
Clear:
Its clear because this project develops an interactive cd on how to learn
and enjoy the new effective way of the English language.
Evident:
Its evident because the students do not use the computer to learn English
and nobody has done anything to solve the problem.
Feasible:
This work is supported by the principal and teachers of Nueva
Juventud elementary school because is very interesting.
Original:
This project is original because there is not a similar one in our city.
Specific:
It is specific because through out an interactive cd, we will stop the
problem.
VARIABLES OF THE INVESTIGATION
DEPENDENT
How to learn English.
7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
23/117
23
INDEPENDENT
Design and implementation of technological resources
OBJECTIVES OF THE INVESTIGATION
GENERAL
Search, design and implementation of an interactive cd to support
Basic English learning
SPECIFIC
To motivate students to learn English.
To use this material to motivate students in the learning of the
English language.
To facilitate the interactive cd as didactics resource to motivate how
to teach English to students.
QUESTION OF THE INVESTIGATION
Will all materials for producing the cd be available?
Yes, all materials, as hardware and software, are ready for the use of the
cd.
How much will this material improve students skills?
Students will improve in all aspects in their skills using the interactive cd
7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
24/117
24
Could the director allow its use?
The director likes this project and he wants that the author applies this
program in the classroom.
How many times do students use it?
The students can use the interactive cd all the time in the computer
laboratory of the school.
.JUSTIFICATION AND IMPORTANCE OF THE INVESTIGATION
JUSTIFICATION AND IMPORTANCE
The author considers that this is very important and fundamental in
the English educational area due to the fact that students have many
problems learning a foreign language and the cd has interactive ways to
assist them on this material which will motivate students. The importance
and application of this material is a new way to use technology in the
educative unit.
The use pedagogical material more efficiently towards teaching
learning and increase English language level and students will get better
grades and results. The proposal in this interactive cd as application for
the English language subject will assist educational communities for
teachers and students because it is a practical, updated, pedagogical and
didactic material.
7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
25/117
25
The selection of this topic considers that students dont like the
English language, but we know that English is a requirement not only in a
curriculum but also to find work. The author had many ideas and he has
analyzed in computer system development interesting programs in English
to motivate students in learning through the entertainment interactive
educative games to get attention and like the English language.
When the teachers get a didactical material, the classes are directly
to develop the skills. This project will benefit the community, teachers and
students because the teacher has the opportunity of the use powerful
pedagogical tools as didactical materials and students will receive other
ways to learn with several kinds of exercises and they can get other
alternative for to learn the English language
With the knowledge and ability of the author in English language and
computer science and the need to motivate students of the school and the
deficiency of didactical material, there will be the use of this ability to assist
and motivate students that will be acceptable and learn the English
language. And finally the educational community will see the benefit with
this new material.
7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
26/117
26
CHAPTER ll
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
BACKGROUND
In the sixth course of the Nueva Juventud Basic public school, all
students cannot learn English. The students are not motivated. They dont
understand and they arent concentrated in class. This happens every
time they have English class in the school. The students dont have
enough didactical material to work with in the classroom. They need to use
technology to receive input in their brain, and this way they can improve
their knowledge in the English language.
If they use technology, they will have the advantage to learn this
language using electronic resources that are easier to learn English
with the use of technology with an interactive cd, they will not get bored.
They are going to pay attention in the class. They are going to learn
English in a beautiful environment for enjoy the class.
Compact disc
It is a flat, round storage medium that is read by a laser in a CD-
ROM drive that was invented by James Russell and first created at a
Philips factory in Germany on August 17, 1982. The standard CD is
capable of holding 72 minutes of music or 650MB of data. 80 minute CDs
are also commonly used to store data and are capable of 700 MB of data.
http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/c/cdrom.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/c/cdrom.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/people/james_russell.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/comp/philips.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/history/198090.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/m/mb.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/m/mb.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/history/198090.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/comp/philips.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/people/james_russell.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/c/cdrom.htmhttp://www.computerhope.com/jargon/c/cdrom.htm7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
27/117
27
CD-ROM discs are identical in appearance to audio CDs, and data
are stored and retrieved in a very similar manner (only differing from audio
CDs in the standards used to store the data). Discs are made from a 1.2
mm thick disc of polycarbonate plastic, The technology data storage CD-
ROM, write-once audio and data storage CD-R, rewritable media CD-RW,
Video Compact Discs (VCD), Super Video Compact Discs (SVCD),
PhotoCD, PictureCD, CD-I, and Enhanced CD.
CD-R stands for Compact Disc - Recordable (originally named CD
Write-Once) is a write-once recordable CD media that is suitable for
creating audio or data CD compilations (CD-ROM). Though a CD-RW disc
can be erased and written again, many CD players and other equipment
generally perform better with CD-R media (always check if a CD player
supports CD-RW before you buy it). A standard CD-R is 120 mm in
diameter and usually comes with a capacity of either 640MB or 700MB.
A CD-R will store 74 or 80 minutes of CD audio. CD-RW stands for
Compact Disc - Rewritable. It is re-writable CD media that is suitable for
data CD compilations (CD-ROM). Though a CD-RW disc can be erased
and written again, many CD players and other equipment generally
perform better with CD-R media (always check if a CD player supports
CD-RW before you buy it). A standard CD-RW is 120 mm in diameter.
CD-ROMs are popularly used to distribute computer software,
including games and multimedia applications, though any data can be
stored (up to the capacity limit of a disc). Some CDs hold both computer
data and audio with the latter capable of being played on a CD player,
while data (such as software or digital video) is only usable on a computer
http://www.winxdvd.com/resource/vcd-svcd.htmhttp://www.winxdvd.com/resource/vcd-svcd.htm7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
28/117
28
(Such as ISO 9660 format PC CD-ROMs). These are called
enhanced CDs. Thin layer of aluminum to make a reflective surface. The
most common size of CD-ROM disc is 120 mm in diameter.
James Roussell on October 1982 said when he was writing his
articles. That cd is commonly used to store data and are capable of
containing 700 MB of data. The information in our project is in audio and
video, writing The capability about interactive cd in data are store is the
same that James Rousell said.
Compact Disc-interactive
(CD-I) was developed by Philips and Sony during the mid to late
1980s as a multimedia system for the home, education and training. The
CD-i specification was originally launched in 1986, and then updated, but
players did not appear until around 1990. A few years later, Philips pulled
out of the consumer market, after several hundred thousand had been
sold world-wide, but CD-I has continued to find success in training and
other professional applications, particularly in the USA. In recent years,
.
Phillips and Sony enterprise said on February 1982 that compact
disc interactive is a multimedia system for using in the education, at home
The author use the interactive cd for educative system in the teaching
learning process and it can use in the school laboratory or at home, but it
using a computer.
7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
29/117
29
Pen drive
It is a portable Universal Serial Bus (USB) flash memory device for
storing and transferring audio, video, and data files from a computer. As
long as the desktop or laptop has a USB port, and the pen drive is
compatible with the operating system. It should be easy to move the data
from thehard drive to the device and to another computer in a matter of
minutes. The drive gets its name from the fact that many have a
retractable port connector like a ballpoint pen,
Tablet computer
It is amobile computer with display, circuitry and battery in a single
unit. Tablets are often equipped with sensors, including cameras,
microphone,accelerometer andtouchscreen,with finger or stylus gestures
replacing computer mouse and keyboard. Tablets may include physical
buttons, e.g., to control basic features such as speaker volume and power
and ports for network communications for charge the battery and it hast 7
inches (18 cm) or larger, measured diagonally.
Tablet PC
It is a type ofnotebook computer that has anLCD screen on which
the user can write using a special-purpose pen, orstylus.The handwriting
is digitized and can be converted to standard text through handwriting
recognition,or it can remain as handwritten text. The stylus also can be
used to type on a pen-based key layout where the lettered keys are
arranged differently than a QWERTY keyboard. Tablet PCs also typically
have akeyboard and/or amouse for input.
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-hard-drive.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerometerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touchscreenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_mousehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyboard_(computing)http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/N/notebook_computer.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/L/LCD.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/stylus.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/H/handwriting_recognition.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/H/handwriting_recognition.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/Q/QWERTY_keyboard.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/K/keyboard.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/M/mouse.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/M/mouse.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/K/keyboard.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/Q/QWERTY_keyboard.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/H/handwriting_recognition.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/H/handwriting_recognition.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/S/stylus.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/L/LCD.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/N/notebook_computer.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyboard_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_mousehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touchscreenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerometerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_computerhttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-hard-drive.htm7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
30/117
30
The tablet PC relies on digital ink technology, where a digitizer is
laid under or over an LCD screen to create an electromagnetic field that
can capture the movement of the special-purpose pen and record the
movement on the LCD screen. The effect is like writing on paper with
liquid ink.
The iPad
It is a line of tablet computers designed and marketed by Apple
Inc.,which runs Apple'siOS.The first iPad was released on April 3, 2010;
fourth-generation iPad Mini Theuser interface is built around the device's
multi-touch screen, including avirtual keyboard.The iPad has built-in Wi-
Fi and, on some models, cellular connectivity.
An iPad can shoot video, take photos, play music, and perform
Internet functions such as web-browsing and emailing. Other functions
games, reference, GPS navigation, social networking, there have been
five versions of the iPad. The first generation established design
precedents, such as screen size and button placement.
Mobile computing
Technologies wireless or ubiquitous computing technologies such
as wireless access points, laptops, tablet-PCs, PDAs, cell phones,
Bluetooth enabled devices, and fusion devices are those devices that
have the capabilities to offer learning experiences that can effectively
engage and educate contemporary learners in a variety of new ways not
typically allowed by conventional desktop computers.
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/digital_ink.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/digitize.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablet_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-touchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_keyboardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_camerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_media_playerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_gamehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_workhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPS_navigation_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_networking_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_iOS_devices#iPadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPad_(1st_generation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPad_(1st_generation)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_iOS_devices#iPadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_networking_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPS_navigation_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_workhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_gamehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_media_playerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camera_phonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_camerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_keyboardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-touchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablet_computerhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/digitize.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/digital_ink.html7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
31/117
31
Android
It is a computing platform designed for use in some smart phones
and other devices. This technology, which is owned by Google, Inc.,
includes an operating system, software, and applications. The operating
system is based on Linux, which provides advanced computer processing.
Android technology is maintained and continually developed by the
AndroidOpen Source Project (AOSP).
Information technology
Information technology is a set of tools, processes, and
methodologies such as coding/programming, data communications, data
conversion, storage and retrieval, systems analysis and design, systems
control and associated equipment employed to collect, process and
present information. In broad terms, it also includes office automation,
multimedia,andtelecommunications.
Harold J. Leavitt and Thomas L. Whisler, 1958. Said. The new
technology does not yet have a single established name. The author in
the project used the technology as programs with several versions.
Motivation
It is apsychological feature that arouses an organism to act
towards a desiredgoal and elicits, controls, and sustains certain goal-
directed behaviors. It can be considered a driving force; a psychological
one that compels or reinforces an action toward a desired goal. For
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-an-android.htmhttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-an-android.htmhttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-open-source.htmhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/tool.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/process.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/methodology.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/data-communications.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/storage.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/systems-analysis-SA.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/design.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/associated.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/associated.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/equipment.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/equipment.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/employment.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/information.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/term.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/office-automation.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/multimedia.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/telecommunications.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychologyhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/telecommunications.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/multimedia.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/office-automation.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/term.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/information.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/employment.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/equipment.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/associated.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/design.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/systems-analysis-SA.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/storage.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/data-communications.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/methodology.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/process.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/tool.htmlhttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-open-source.htmhttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-an-android.htm7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
32/117
32
example,hunger is a motivation that elicits a desire to eat. Motivation is
the purpose or psychological cause of an action.
It is the thoughts and feelings we have which make us want to do
some things, continue to want to do it and turn our whishes into action,
motivation influences. Internal and factors that stimulate desire
andenergy in people to be continually interested and committed to a job,
role or subject, or to make an effort to attain agoal.motivationresults from
the interaction of both conscious and unconsciousfactors such as the
intensity of desire orneed,incentive orrewardvalue of the goal.
Types of motivation
There are two types of motivation, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.
Its important to understand that we are not all the same.
Intrinsic Motivation
Intrinsic motivation means that the individuals motivational stimuli
are coming from within the individual has the desire to perform a specific
task, because its result are in accordance with his belief system or fulfills
a desire and therefore importance is attached to it.
Extrinsic Motivation
This means that the individuals motivational stimuli are comingfrom outside in other words. Our desires to perform a task are controlled
by an outside source note that even though the stimuli are coming from
outside, the result of the performing of the task will still be the individual
performing the task.
There are two kinds of motivation with this information; the author would
like performing the extrinsic motivation using the interactive cd.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungerhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/energy.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/goal.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/result.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/factor.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/need.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/incentive.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/reward.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/value.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/value.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/reward.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/incentive.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/need.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/factor.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/result.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/goal.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/energy.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunger7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
33/117
33
Skills Reading
Reading is one of the four language skill. It is the process of looking
at a series of written symbols and getting meaning from them. When we
read, we use our eyes to receive written symbols (letters, punctuation
marks and spaces) and we use our brain to convert them into words,
sentences and paragraphs that communicate something to us. We also to
need to connect the massage of the text to our knowledge of the world.
We can say that reading involves making sense of text.
To do this we need to understand the language of the text at word
level. Reading is a receptive skill - through it we receive information. But
the complex process of reading also requires the skill of speaking, so that
we can pronounce the words that we read. In this sense, reading is also a
productive skill in that we are both receiving information and transmitting it.
Reading use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding to
translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech.
Reading Comprehension
It is the act of understanding what are you reading while the
definition can be simply stated the act is not simple to teach, learn orpractice. Reading may use morpheme, semantics, syntax and context
clues to identify the meaning. Reading comprehension is an intentional.
Active process that occurs before, during and after a person reads a
particular piece of writing.
7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
34/117
34
Listening
It is receiving language through the ears. Listening involves identifying
the sounds of speech and processing them into words and sentences.
When we listen, we use our ears to receive individual sounds (letters,
stress, rhythm and pauses) and we use our brain to convert these into
messages that mean something to us.
It is more than just hearing what is said; rather, it is a childs ability tounderstand the meaning of the words he hears and to relate to them in
some way. When children hear a story, for instance, good listening
comprehension enables them to understand it, remember it, discuss it,
and even retell it in their own words. This is an important skill to develop
even at an early age, because good listeners grow up to become good
communicators.
The author says. That not everyone has good listening skill and
this includes teachers and students. But when someone use the
interactive cd, teachers and students can find several kind of exercises of
listening with a correct pronunciation.
Speaking
Speaking is a productive skill; it involves using speech to expressmeanings to other people. It is the delivery of language through the
mouth. To speak, we create sounds using many parts of our body,
including the lungs, vocal tract, vocal chords, tongue, teeth and lips. When
we speak, we use different aspects of speaking depending on the type of
speaking we are involving in. As you can see speaking is a complex
activity.
7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
35/117
35
Writing
It is a method of representing language in visual or tactile form. Writing
systems use sets of symbols to represent the sounds of speech, and may
also have symbols for such things as punctuation and numerals. Writing is
one of the four language skills. Writing is a productive skill, that mean it
involve producing language rather than receiving it. Very simply, we can
say that writing involves communicating a message
All these skills the author thinks to develop using the interactive cd
Grammar
Grammar describes how we combine, organize and change words
parts to make meaning. We use rules for this. We can use grammar to
describe parts of speech. Grammatical structures and how words are
formed. There are nine parts of speech: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs,
prepositions, pronouns, conjunctions and exclamation. A part of speech or
word class describes the function a word or phrase has in a sentence.
Program Visual Basic
It is a generation event and integrated development environment
(IDE) from Microsoft for its COM programming model first released in
1991. Microsoft intends Visual Basic to be relatively easy to learn and use.
Visual Basic was derived from BASIC and enables the rapid application
development (RAD) ofgraphical user interface (GUI) applications.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_development_environmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Component_Object_Modelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_application_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_application_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interfacehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_application_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_application_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Component_Object_Modelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_development_environment7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
36/117
36
access to databases using Data Access Objects, Remote Data
Objects, or ActiveX Data Objects, and creation of ActiveX controls and
objects. The scripting language VBScript is a subset of Visual Basic. A
programmer can create an application using the components provided by
the Visual Basic program itself. Programs written in Visual Basic can also
use theWindows API,but doing so requires external function declarations.
Though the program has received criticism for its perceived faults,version 3 of Visual Basic was a runaway commercial success, and many
companies offered third party controls greatly extending its functionality.
The final release was version 6 in 1998. Microsoft's extended support
ended in March 2008.
The designated successor was Visual Basic .NET (now known
simply as Visual Basic). Though VB6 is no longer officially available there
remains a sizable number of developers who still prefer VB6 over .NET A
dialect of Visual Basic, Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), is used as a
macro or scripting language within several Microsoft applications,
including Microsoft Office.
Graphical Design
Graphic design in Visual Basic 6.0's graphical development
environment allows rapid software prototyping. Controls such as buttons,
sliders, check boxes, etc. can all be dragged and dropped onto the user
form (window). This allows the design of a user interface without any
programming.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Databasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Access_Objecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_Data_Objectshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_Data_Objectshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActiveX_Data_Objecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActiveXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scripting_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scripting_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VBScripthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Component-based_software_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_APIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NEThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NEThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_APIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Component-based_software_engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VBScripthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scripting_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActiveXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActiveX_Data_Objecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_Data_Objectshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_Data_Objectshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Access_Objecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
37/117
37
Event-Driven Programming
This is a powerful tool applied in Visual Basic provides event-driven
programming where the actions taken by a program are based on the
execution of "events" such as the pressing of a button. This is in contrast
to a linear program that simply executes code from top to bottom this
occurring in real time.
Object Oriented Programming
Visual Basic 6.0 is not a true Object Oriented Programming (OOP)
language because it lacks certain OOP features such as inheritance.
However, it still provides object-based programming concepts that most
users can use to begin learning OOP. Object Oriented Programming was
used for c++ program language.
Opinion
The author says that Visual Basic is a power tool for program, Visual
basic is language for program or create other system of program, the
author was using himself creativity designing the structure of the program
and writing code line for to elaborate the interactive cd, the author workand develop the proposal with this software using visual basic he could to
create this cd and the author need to use other program as photo shop
and flash for to get an better the image this was very necessary for to work
in the design of the graphics, he used windows media player for to work
with the audio and video and he used other parts of video obtained in
internet for to get realized the interactive cd.
7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
38/117
38
Program Flash Multimedia
Technology developed by Macromedia to allow much interactivity to
fit in a relatively small file size. Graphical Design, Event-Driven
Programming. The proper use of Flash has been a hotly debated topic
between rich media evangelists and usability experts. Usability guru Jakob
Nielsen threw down the gauntlet with an article titled, "Flash: 99 Bad."
Since then Macromedia has added resources relating to usability and
accessibility.
Flash can be used to create entire "Flash sites" or to add interactive
elements to standard HTML sites. Some Flash-only sites are accompanied
by non-Flash sites in an effort to cater to a wider audience. Flash
technology can also be used in interactive banner & button
advertisements. The use of large-format rich media ads at CNET has
attracted much attention.
Jakob Nielsen, agosto del 2000.said.the use flash 99 bad by
macromedia The author use this tool for the graphical design in the
interactive cd.
Program Photoshop
It is the leading digital image editing application for the Internet,
print and other new media disciplines. It is embraced by millions of graphic
artists, print designers, visual communicators, and regular people like you.
It's likely that nearly every picture you've seen (such as posters, book
covers, magazine pictures, and brochures) has either been created or
edited by Photoshop.
7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
39/117
39
The powerful tools used to enhance and edit these pictures are also
capable for use in the digital world including the infinite possibilities of the
Internet. The newest version of Photoshop (CS6) includes features such
as: Layer Searching, Group Clipping Masks, More information displayed in
the user interface, more hotkeys and Crop tool changes.
It is almost impossible to use or even learn all of Photoshop's tools
to their maximum benefit. Photoshop has been around since 1982! That's
around 25 years of troubleshooting and advancing software. This
workshop will go over the main features of the program so that you will
feel confident to explore the remaining features on your own.
The Photoshop workspace
The Photoshop workspace consists of five main components that are
the followings: the Application Bar, the Tools Panel, the Options Bar, the
Document Window, and the Panel Dock. One of the nice things about
using Photoshop is that its workspace interface is very similar.
Program Windows Media Player
(abbreviated WMP) is amedia player and media library application
developed by Microsoft that is used for playing audio,video and viewing
images on personal computers running the windows operating, as well as on
Pocket PC and Windows Mobile-based devices. Editions of Windows
Media Player were also released for Mac OS,Mac OS X and Solaris but
development of these has since been discontinued.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_player_(application_software)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_reproductionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocket_PChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Mobilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solaris_(operating_system)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solaris_(operating_system)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Mobilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocket_PChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_reproductionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_player_(application_software)7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
40/117
40
ESPITEMOLOGICAL FOUNDATION
Epistemology
From Greek-episteme, meaning "knowledge, understanding", and
logos,meaning "study of" is the branch of philosophy concerned with the
nature and scope of knowledge and is also referred to as "theory of
knowledge". It questions what knowledge is and how it can be acquired,
and the extent to which knowledge pertinent to any given subject or entity
can be acquired. Much of the debate in this field has focused on thephilosophical analysis of the nature of knowledge.
And how it relates to connected notions such as truth,belief,and
justification. The term "epistemology" was introduced by the Scottish
philosopher James Frederick Ferrier (18081864). The most important
Philosopher of the classical pragmatists Charles Sanders Peirce (1839
1914), William James (18421910) and John Dewey (1859-1952).
Constructivism
Constructivism is a learning theory of educational philosophy that
many educators began to consider in the 1990s. One of the primary tenetsof this philosophy is that learners construct their own meaning from new
information, as they interact with reality or others with different
perspectives. Constructivist learning environments require students to use
their prior knowledge and experiences to formulate new, related, and/or
adaptive concepts in learning.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_analysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beliefhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_justificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Frederick_Ferrierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructivism_(learning_theory)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructivism_(learning_theory)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Frederick_Ferrierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_justificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beliefhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophical_analysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_language7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
41/117
41
Under this framework the role of the teacher becomes that of a
facilitator. Providing guidance so that learners can construct their own
knowledge. Constructivist educators must make sure that the prior
learning experiences are appropriate and related to the concept.
Educators utilizing technology when teaching with a constructivist
perspective should choose technologies that reinforce prior learning
perhaps in a problem-solving environment.
In epistemology in general, the kind of knowledge usually
discussed is propositional knowledge, also known as "knowledge that."
This is distinguished from "knowledge how" and "acquaintance-
knowledge." Some philosophers think there is an important distinction
between "knowing that," "knowing how,"
Jonassen (1997) suggests "well-structured" learning environments
are useful for novice learners and that "ill-structured" environments are
only useful for more advanced learners The author with the interactive cd
was made for novice or starter level.
Pragmatism
Pragmatism was a philosophical tradition that originated in the
United States around 1870. The most important of the classical
pragmatists were Charles Sanders Peirce (18391914), William James
(18421910) and John Dewey (1859-1952). The influence of pragmatism
declined during the first two thirds of the twentieth century.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propositional_knowledgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Know-howhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Know-howhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propositional_knowledge7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
42/117
42
It has undergone a revival since the 1970s with philosophers being
increasingly willing to use the writings and ideas of the classical
pragmatists. A number of thinkers, such as Richard Rorty, Hilary Putnam
and Robert Brandom developing philosophical views that represent later
stages of the pragmatist tradition.
The core of pragmatism was the pragmatist maxim, a rule for
clarifying the contents of hypotheses by tracing their practicalconsequences. In the work of Peirce and James, the most influential
application of the pragmatist maxim was to the concept of truth. But the
pragmatists have also tended to share a distinctive epistemological
outlook, fallibility, anti-Cartesian.
Dr Vicente Ponce Cceres, on pg 40-42, said. Pragmatism relation
the theory with the practice. The author in the project of interactive cd
relation the theory with the practice for elaborate the software.
TECHNOLOGICAL FOUNDATION
The educational technology is very important and fundamental, isused every day with most frequency: etymologically means semantically
build. Technology is the group of element systematically structured.
Educational technology is the systematic application of scientific
knowledge to solve educational problems. Sometimes it is the study and
ethical practice of facilitating learning and improving performance by
creating.
7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
43/117
43
Using and managing appropriate technological processes and
resources. Educational technology includes other systems used in the
process of developing human capability. Educational technology includes,
but is not limited to, software, hardware, as well as Internet applications,is
most simply and comfortable.
Defined as an array of tools that might prove helpful in advancing
student learning and may be measured in how and why individualsbehave. Technology can refer to material objects of use to humanity, such
as machines or hardware, but it can also encompass broader themes,
including systems, methods of organization, and techniques.
Some modern tools include but are not limited to overhead
projectors, laptop computers, and calculators. Newer tools such as
Smartphone and games are beginning to draw serious attention for their
learning potential. Media psychology is the field of study that applies
theories of human behavior to educational technology.
Human Performance Technology
It means "applied science." In other words, any valid and reliable
process or procedure that is derived from basic research using the
"scientific method" is considered a "technology." Educational or Human
Performance Technology may be based purely on algorithmic or heuristic
processes, but neither necessarily implies physical technology. The word
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Performance_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Performance_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Performance_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_psychology7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
44/117
44
Technology comes from the Greek "techne"which means craft or
art. Another word, "technique," with the same origin, also may be used
when considering the field Educational Technology. So Educational
Technology may be extended to include the techniques of the educator.
When designing learning activities, it is important to keep in mind what is
expected ofand what are the learning goals
Educational Technologist is someone who transforms basiceducational and psychological research. Into an evidence-based applied
science (or a technology) of learning or instruction. Educational
Technologists typically have a graduate degree (Master's, Doctorate,
Ph.D., or D.Phil.) in a field related to educational psychology, educational
media, experimental psychology, cognitive psychology.
Dr Vctor Granda Dvila. Pg 7 said. Technology is an application of
an science for solutions practices problems. The author use the
technology for solve the English learning problem.
PEDAGOGICAL FOUNDATION
Pedagogy
It is the science and art of education, specifically instructional
theory. An instructor develops conceptual knowledge and manages the
content of learning activities in pedagogical settings. Modern pedagogy
has been strongly influenced by the cognitivism of Piaget, 1926,
1936/1975; the social-interactionist theories of Bruner, 1960, 1966, 1971,
the social and cultural theories of Vygotsky, 1962. These theorists have
laid a foundation for pedagogy.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Techne7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
45/117
45
Pedagogy as science and technique
It is the knowledge of determination done, is the relation of the
anxious problematic of stop the total of real. For that take body of the
nature science and spirit that describe did and phenomenon and speculate
about last things, about fundaments of the reality. Pedagogy as a
technique, pedagogy as a technique is the group of procedure that use the
science or the art for achieve a result determinate. In general, it is a
resource that man uses as mean for achieve a special objective.
Dr. Carlos Ortiz Macias, on pg. 30-32 said. That pedagogy is a
science that establish the philosophic principles, the objectives, the
techniques and other resources the author in the program of an
interactive cd, he consider that is important the pedagogy as science and
technique
PSICOLOGICAL FOUNDATION
Psychology.
The scientific study of all forms of human and animal behavior
sometimes concerned with the methods through which behavior.
Psychology is an academic discipline that involves the literal study of the
human mind. It is also an applied discipline, in which the practitioner is
called a Psychologist. It is categorized as a science. Only trained
personnel interact with their clients to establish their mental health status.
7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
46/117
46
It uses experimental method, by controlling variable, checking and
rechecking findings and stating its results in objective. Terms which can be
verified and understood by any one in a given condition. Psychology
studies facts and describes what is. It does not concern with ought to as
emphasized by normative sciences like Ethics, logic and philosophy etc.
Sigmund Freud,1985 said. A method of investigating the mind and
interpreting experience; a systematized set of theories about humanbehavior The author said the psychology is very important in the behavior
of the human.
SOCIOLOGICAL FOUNDATION
It is the scientific study of the social aspects of the human life; also,
we understand that sociology is a group of doctrine or knowledge about
interaction human compilation in the scientific method. In sociology, the
types of behavior are the characteristic of life in a society that it repeats in
a regular way and pertinence to many members themselves. The human
interaction is the basic social process. The concept of social structure is
utilized to perform a static study of society.
Zamboagna Sibulay Propenoe 1995, said. Process that includes
social and personal experiences that after ones knowledge, behavior, and
attitudes. The author in this project is focused to our society.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freudhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freudhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freud7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
47/117
47
PHILOSOFICAL FOUNDATION
Meaning of philosophy
Etymological means of philosophy. Greek origin: Philos Love and
Sophia Wisdom. Philosophy means love for wisdom. A philosophical
foundation, like an architectural one, provides an underpinning for a large
structure. The support provided by philosophical foundation is logical and
conceptual, not physical: a justifies the structure it supports.
Dr Francisco Moran Marquez, 2004 on pg 13, said. Philosophy means to
search our anxieties and questions, doubt and answers about human
problems. The author in the project achieves to solve the problem with
the students.
TEXTUAL FRAME
Legal frame
In the legal aspect, the author included the followings articles of the
new constitution of 2008 about Education and technology:
In the title II, Chapter II, Section Fifth, Article 26 says:Education is apersons right in all life and ineludible duty, an inexcusable of the state.
Constitutea priorityarea of the public and political aspect and the state
inversion, equality guaranty, social inclusion and indispensable conclusion
for good life. The persons, families and society have duty and
responsibility of participation in the education process.
7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
48/117
48
In title VII, Chapter I, Section First, Article 347 says:
It will be responsibility of the state.
1. To strengthen the public education and the coeducation, secure
permanently to better quality, wide covertures, the physical
infrastructure and the necessary equipment of the public for
educational institutions.
(.)
To incorporate the information of technology and communication in the
educative process begin teaching with productive social activities.
In the new Organics of Lex of Intercultural Education, Title II, Second
Chapter, it is the obligation of the state to respect the duty of the
Education, in the Article 6, literal j says:
It is to guarantee the digital alphabetization and the use of technologies of
information and communication in the educative process and begin
teaching.
In this article, the author says that it is an obligation of the state to give
technology to the educational institutions and with this interactive cd, the
author is giving a step to the use of technology in the education of this
educative unit.
7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
49/117
49
GLOSSARY
Background: the part of a scene or picture that is farthest from the viewer:the part of a scene that is behind a main figure or object in a painting,
photograph, etc.
Desktop:a computer that is designed to be used on a desk or table: adesktop computer, Is an area or window on a computer screen in which
small pictures (called icons) are arranged like objects on top of a desk.
Docks: Is a group of enclosed areas of water along with the wharves andbuildings near them. a platform for loading or unloading trucks or freight
train.
Duty: Something that is done as part of a job. Something that you must do
because it is morally right or because the law requires it.
Epistemology: the theory of knowledge, especially with regard to itsmethods, validity, and scope. Epistemology is the investigation of what
distinguishes justified belief from opinion.
Extrinsic: not part of the essential nature of someone or something;coming or operating from outside: extrinsic factors that might affect time
budgets the idea that power is extrinsic to production and profits.
Feature:an interesting or important part, quality, ability, etc.
Feasible: possible to do easily or conveniently.
7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
50/117
50
Hardware: Is the entire set of programs, procedures, and relateddocumentation associated with a system and especially a computer
system; specifically: computer programs, materials for use withaudiovisual equipment.
Hunger:a feeling of discomfort or weakness caused by lack of food.
Intrinsic: belonging to the essential nature of a thing, occurring as anatural part of something.
Launched:set (a boat) in motion by pushing it or allowing it to roll into thewater, the towns lifeboat was launched to rescue the fishermen.
Network: an arrangement of intersecting horizontal and vertical lines.
Outline: a general description or plan giving the essential features ofsomething but not the detail: an outline of the theory of evolution.
Paradigm: Is technical a typical example or pattern of something; a modelthere is a new paradigm for public art in this country.
Performance:Is the action or process of carrying out or accomplishing anaction, task, or function. The continual performance of a single task
reduces a man to the level of a machine.
Placement:the act of putting something in a particular place.
7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
51/117
51
Release: allow or enable to escape from confinement; set free, thegovernment announced that the prisoners would be released.
Software: the programs and other operating information used by acomputer.
Surface:a surface or color that is behind or around something (such as aprinted design)
Scope: space or opportunity for unhampered motion, activity, or thought.
Theoretical Framework: .Compendium of a series of conceptualelements that are relied upon to make inquiry.
Wireless: not using wires to send and receive electronic signals: sendingand receiving electronic signals by using radio waves.
Wisdom: The soundness of an action or decision with regard to the
application of experience, knowledge, and good judgment: some
questioned the wisdom of building the dam so close to an active volcano
7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
52/117
52
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Msc. Vicente Mieles Macas. Sociologa de la Educacin (P 2433)
Dr. Carlos Ortiz Macas. Pedagoga (P 30 - 32)
Dr. Vctor Granda Dvila. Tecnologa Audiovisual. (P 7)
Dr. Francisco Morn Mrquez. (2004) Filosofa de la Educacin. (P 13)
Dr. Vicente Ponce Cceres. Gua para el Diseo de ProyectosEducativos. (P 40 - 42)
Charles R Mischake. (1971) Introduccin al diseo auxiliado por
computadora (P 23)
Constitucin del Ecuador 2008Artculos 26, 347, 385, 386, 387, 388.
The Gale Group, Inc. (2010) the Great Soviet Encyclopedia 3rd Edition
(1970-1979).
Mary Spratt, Alan Pulverness and Melanie Williams.The TKT Teaching
Knowledge Test course..CAMBRIDGE (P 5 - 38)
Lcdo. Francisco Morn Pea. Diseo Grfico Computarizado. (P 9)
U.E.D. Visual Basic. (P 4449)
Oxford English Dictionary.
Macmillan Castillo Dictionary. Espaol InglsIngls Espaol.
The American Heritage Dictionary. English Language, Fourth Editioncopyright 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
M. N. SKATKIN and I. IA. LERNER
Electronic References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionaryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
53/117
53
Web sites from Internet
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/survey-research.html#ixzz2dyGwSgVe
Didactics
(http://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ544678)
http://edutec.rediris.es/Revelec2/revelec23/everdecia/everdecia.html
Httform: //www.monografias.com/trabajos6/tenpe/tenpe.shtml#tecnologia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
(http://html.rincondelvago.com/metodos-de-investigacion_2.html).
http://www.marketingterms.com/?s=information+about+graphics+flash
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-methodology.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_technology
http://edfd1.wikispaces.com/2-Sociological+Foundations+of+Education
http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=3042
704
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/survey-research.html#ixzz2dyGwSgVehttp://www.marketingterms.com/?s=information+about+graphics+flashhttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-methodology.htmhttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-methodology.htmhttp://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-methodology.htmhttp://www.marketingterms.com/?s=information+about+graphics+flashhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/survey-research.html#ixzz2dyGwSgVe7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
54/117
54
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
DESIGN OF INVESTIGATION
INTRODUCTION
To do this investigation, the author used different kinds of
investigations for to get the necessary information about the problematic
analyzed, the same way the author used different methods and instrument
efficiency according to the analyzed educative institution and this way the
author can give the proposal and solve the problem.
TYPES OF INVESTIGATION
In this project, the author used the followings types of investigation:
Scientific, descriptive of field and bibliographic.
METHODS
In recent years, the word methodology has become a "pretentious
substitute for the word method" Many recent uses of the word
methodology mistakenly treat it a synonym for method or body of
methods. Doing this shifts it away from its true epistemological meaning
and reduces it to being the procedure itself, the set of tools or the
instruments that should have been its outcome. A methodology is the
design process for carrying out research or the development of a
procedure and is not in itself an instrument for doing those things.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistemologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistemology7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
55/117
55
Scientific investigation
The Scientific method is the process by which science is carried out.
Because science builds on previous knowledge, it consistently improves
our understanding of the world. The scientific method also improves itself
in the same way, meaning that it gradually becomes more effective at
generating new knowledge.
The principles and empirical processes of discovery and
demonstration considered characteristic of or necessary for scientific
investigation, generally involving the observation of phenomena, the
formulation of a hypothesis concerning the phenomena, experimentation
to demonstrate the truth or falseness of the hypothesis, and a conclusion
that validates or modifies the hypothesis.
Descriptive investigation
Descriptive research is concerned with the description of data and
characteristics about a population. The goal is the acquisition of factual,
accurate and systematic data that can be used in averages, frequencies
and similar statistical calculations. Descriptive studies seldom involve
experimentation, as they are more concerned with naturally occurring
The phenomena than with the observation of controlled situations.
A descriptive investigation is a scientific investigation that collects data
which measures or describes objects or events. it collects qualitative &
quantitative data. it includes a question, but no hypothesis ; no variables
are manipulated. Salem, 1973, p. 20
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
56/117
56
Bibliographic investigation
The bibliographic investigation is a big search of information about
a determinate question and it should be performed in a systematic way,
but dont analyze the problem that is involved. Its bibliographic, in this
case, that the author consulted different publishers as books, internet, and
magazines, all information about how to teach English.
Field Investigation or direct
Author Says that the investigation field occurs in the place and time
that the phenomenon is worked as a studio subject. The investigation that
the author is doing is of the field because is worked in the same place and
time where the problem occurred in Nueva Juventud Primary School.
Scientific method
The scientific method is a body of techniques for investigating
phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating
previous knowledge. To be termed scientific, a method of inquiry must be
based onempirical andmeasurable evidence subject to specific principles
of reasoning. The scientific method has: characterized natural science
.
The chief characteristic which distinguishes the scientific method
from other methods of acquiring knowledge is that scientists seek to let
reality speak for itself, supporting a theory. when a theory's predictions are
confirmed and challenging a theory when its predictions provefalse.
Although procedures vary from onefield of inquiry to another, identifiable.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_techniquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenomenonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empiricalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measurementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fields_of_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fields_of_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falsifiabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measurementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empiricalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenomenonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_technique7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
57/117
57
Features distinguish scientific inquiry from other methods of
obtaining knowledge. Scientific researchers propose hypotheses as
explanations of phenomena, and designexperimental studies to test these
hypotheses via predictions which can be derived from them. These steps
must be repeatable, to guard against mistake or confusion in any
particular experimenter.
Statistic Method
Statistical method - a method of analyzing or representing statistical
data; a procedure for calculating a statistic. Information and sources that
describe methods of a statistical and mathematical nature used in
gathering, processing and disseminating sample surveys, censuses or
administrative data. The information and sources may be linked to a
survey; sometimes, however, they are applicable beyond a single survey.
The history, testing, and quality.
Investigation techniques
Is the systematic, theoretical analysis of the methods applied to a
field of study, or the theoretical analysis of the body of methods and
principles associated with a branch of knowledge. It, typically,
encompasses concepts such as paradigm, theoretical model, phases and
quantitative or qualitative techniques. A Methodology does not set out to
provide solutions but offers the theoretical underpinning for understanding
which method, set of methods or so called best practices can be applied.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experiment7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
58/117
58
The observation
Observation is a fundamental way of finding out about the world
around us. As human beings, we are very well equipped to pick up
detailed information about our environment through our senses. However,
as a method of data collection for research purposes, observation is more
than just looking or listening. Research, simply defined, is systematic
enquiry made public.
The origins of observation as a research technique coincide with
the early development of science itself. In the natural sciences, for
example, early progress was made primarily through very careful,
systematic observation and recording of descriptions of phenomena in the
natural world. The work of Charles Darwin would be a good example of
the way in which careful observation provided the evidence which enabled
him to build his theory of evolution in The Origin of Species.
Stenhouse, 1975 said. Firstly, in order to become systematic,
observation must in some way be selective. The author was working in
the data collect
Surveys
A survey is a quantitative instrument of social investigation for
consult a group of people. that collectinformation about how people think
and act in differ way. For example, a possible application of survey
research to a business context might involve looking at how effective mass
is in helpingform and shift publicopinion of each person in different social
classes.
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/survey.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/survey.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/information.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/act.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/form.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/opinion.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/opinion.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/form.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/act.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/information.htmlhttp://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/survey.html7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
59/117
59
Centro de investigaciones sociolgicas 2008, said. A survey is a
quantitative instrument of social investigation for consult a group of
people. The author was using the survey for develop the project
The interview
The interview is a conversation between two or more people where
questions are asked by the interviewer to elicit facts or statements from
the interviewee. Interviews are a standard part of journalism and media
reporting, but are also employed in many other situations, including
qualitative research.
POPULATION
Population is a group of common characteristics of all the
organisms of the same group or species, which live in the same
geographical area, and have the capability of interbreeding. In ecology,
the population of a certain species in a certain area is estimated using the
Lincoln Index. The area that is used to define a sexual population is
defined as the area where inter-breeding is potentially possible between
any pair within the area.
The probability of interbreeding is greater than the probability of
cross-breeding with individuals from other areas. Under normal conditions,
breeding is substantially more common within the area than across the
border. In sociology, population refers to a collection of human beings.
Demography is a social science which entails the statistical study of
human populations. This article refers mainly to human population.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Questionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualitative_researchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualitative_researchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographical_areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Indexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interbreedinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interbreedinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_Indexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographical_areahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualitative_researchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News_mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Question7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
60/117
60
Dr. Francisco Morn Mrquez .Pg. 193, said. Population is a group of
common characteristics that it can form part of the universe.
SAMPLE
It is a representative part of the elements of a population or
universe. And is a technique to get information from a small group, it is not
necessary to study the entirety population, it is sufficient to choose a
representative sample. For this investigation the author says that
population is the same of that sample.
Dr. Francisco Morn Mrquez. Pg. 193, said. Sample is the
representative part of a population The author gives the same opinion in
this case.
CHART 2
Picture No. 1: Population
STRATUM POPULATION SAMPLE
Directives 1 1
Students 65 65
Teachers 10 10
Parents 50 50
TOTAL 126 126
Source: Nueva Juventud Primaryschool
Author: Prof. Darwin Jijn B
7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
61/117
61
APPLICATION OF THE INVESTIGATION INSTRUMENTS
SURVEY TO THE STUDENTS
Write an X in the box according to your opinion
1. Do you like English language? Yes No
Indifferent
2. Is English class difficult for you?
3. Is your English class in school interactive?
4. Would you like to learn English through video games?
5. Do you like the image relationship, sound and colors with the
English class?
6. Would you like to use an interactive cd in your English class?
7. Do you consider the use of technology in the English language very
important?
8. Are English classes interesting using an interactive cd?
9. Would you like to improve your English knowledge?
10. Would you like to practice using a multimedia program in your
English class?
7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
62/117
62
INTERVIEWS
INTERVIEW WITH THE SCHOOLS DIRECTOR
1. Do you think that is important the use of technology in school
to learn English? Why?
2. Do you believe that it is important to apply an English
interactive cd in this school?
INTERVIEW TO THE TEACHER
1. Do you agree with the use of an interactive cd in the computer
lab?
2. Do you believe this technological resource helps solve the
problem?
7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
63/117
63
INTERVIEW WITH THE PARENTS
1. Do you believe that an interactive cd helps the students to learnEnglish?
2. Do you tell students to take care of the interactive cd?
7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
64/117
64
CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS OF RESULT
Survey to the students Sample: 65 students
Question 1: Do you like English language?
CHART OF FREQUENCY 3
Alternatives Frequency Percentage
Yes 43 66.15 %
No 15 23.07 %
Indifferent 7 10.76 %
Total 65 100 %
GRAPHIC 1
66.15 % of student answered yes; 23.07 % said not and 10.76 % said
indifferent; It means that majority of the students like English a lot.
Yes No Indifferent Total
43
157
6566,15 %
23,07 %10,76 %
100 %
Do you like English language?
Frequency Percentage
7/21/2019 Nuevo Universidad de Guayaquil
65/117
65
Survey to the students Sample: 65 students
Question 2: Is English class difficult to you?
CHART OF FREQUENCY 4
Alternatives Frequency Percentage
Yes 45 69.23 %
No 8 12.30 %