Download pdf - Peralatan Otomasi Sistempersonal.its.ac.id/files/material/3889-jos-ee-Otomasi236...Otomasi Sistem - 02 2 Objektif: Pengertian Sensor dan Aktuator Sensors: Position sensors Velocity

Otomasi Sistem - 02 1

Otomasi Sistem

Peralatan Otomasi Sistem:Sensor dan Aktuator

Ir. Jos Pramudijanto, M.Eng.Jurusan Teknik Elektro FTI ITS

Telp. 5947302 Fax.5931237Email: [email protected]


Objektif:Pengertian Sensor dan AktuatorSensors:

Position sensorsVelocity sensorsAcceleration sensorsTemperature sensorsForce sensorsPressure sensorsLight sensors

ActuatorsMotorRelayAktuator Hidrolik


Pengertian Sensors dan Aktuator

Sensor - an electronic transducer that converts some physical quantity into an electrical quantity

Aktuator - an electronic transducer that converts electrical energy into a physical quantity.


Position SensorsPotentiometer (rotary and linear)

Proximity switch (mechanical)

Piezo-ceramic, piezo-resistiveLVDT


Potensiometer Sensor analog yang bekerja seperti divider


Potensiometer untuk posisi


Analog and Digital SensorsRotary Linear

Optical Encoder


Rotary Optical Encoder


Increment EncoderGenerally Have two picks up that are 90 degrees out of Phase (A and B) This allows you to determine the direction of rotation and thus count up or downBy using the rising and falling edges of both A and B we can get 4 times the number of slots.May have one or more index marks for homing.


Absolute EncoderGray Code Vs BinaryGray Code only changes by one bit per transition.At least one sensor per track.

0111

01 00

0111

00 10


Synchro


Rangkaian Synchro


Velocity SensorsAccelerometer (piezo-electric)

Optical Encoder –absolute or incremental position, direction

Tachometer – shaft velocity, typically a PM DC motor


Tachogenerator

Sensor ini konstruksinya mirip motor DC magnet permanen.Tegangan keluaran yang dihasilkan berupa tegangan DC.


Acceleration sensors

Accelerometers measure acceleration, vibration and shock measurementsTypical device:outputs from 100m to 2.5V/g.


Gaya/Torsi

Strain gage

Piezo-electric (AC coupled)


Sensor Tekanan


Types of Strain Gages

Rosette GagesSingle Element

*Apply set of equations to determine coordinate stress components.

Rata-rata stress pada luasan gage. Ukuran gage sangat penting!


Load sensorsSee: http://www.entran.com/ela.htm100 through 10,000Lbs


Sensor Temperatur


What are thermocouples?Thermocouples operate under the principle that a circuit made by connecting two dissimilar metals produces a measurable voltage (emf-electromotive force) when the two ends of the thermocouple circuit are at different temperatures.

They are inexpensive, small in size, rugged and remarkably accurate when used with an understanding of their peculiarities.


Bahan Material Thermocouple

Chromel - Constantan (E Curve)Iron - Constantan (J Curve)Chromel - Alumel (K Curve)Platinum+Rhodium 13% - Platinum (R Curve)Platinum+Rhodium 10% - Platinum (S Curve)Copper - Constantan (T Curve)Tungsten - Rhenium (C Curve)


Thermocouple Material Vs EMFTypes T, J, and K are most commonly used thermocouples.


RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector)Bekerja berdasarkan perubahan resistansi logam karena perubahan temperaturBerbagai logam yang sering digunakan untuk RTD

platina (linier, sangat mahal, umum dipakai)Nikel (range temperatur lebih rendah, lebih murah, nonlinier) Nickle alloys (range temperatur lebih rendah, lebih murah)Tembaga (range temperatur lebih rendah)


Thermistor

−

= oT1

T1β

oeRR

constant material = βre temperatumeasured = T

Tat measured resistance reference = Rwhere

oo


Sensor Temperatur IC LM335


Sensor Temperatur IC AD590/AD592


Light sensors

Photo-voltaic cell

CdS sensor (R output)

Phototransistor


Non-Contact SensorsUltrasonic

OpticalMagnetic (Inductive, Reed, Hall Effect)Laser vibrometer, interferometerCapacitiveEddy current


AktuatorRoda Gigi

Servomotor

Inverter


AktuatorDriver Amplifier

Silinder Hidrolik

Selenoid Hidrolik

Selenoides

q-inq-out q-out

x

ko

q-inq-out q-out

k1

mL

BL Vo

Z

A2P2

A1P1

Y

Distribut ion Valve


Relay Mekanik dan Elektrik


Silinder Hidrolik