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SPECTRUM SENSING IN COGNITIVE RADIONETWORK FOR IEEE 802.11 AND IEEE
802.16PRESENTED BY:RASHMI RAJ
REG NO:-2011066
SUPERVISOR:MR.VIJAY KUMAR SINGH
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CONTENT
• Introduction
• Literature overview
• Objective• Problem Modeling
• Simulation in Matlab
• Problem Solving of MF Techniue• !antt chart
• "eference#
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INT"O$%CTION
COGNITIVE RADIO:-
• CR is an advanced technique which reduce the probe! o"
spectru! scarcit# in eectro!a$netic spectru!%
• The Co$nitive Radio &CR' is a technoo$# which e""icient# utii(es
the icensed spectru! without causin$ an# har! to the icensed user%
• CR can increase spectru! e""icienc# eadin$ to hi$her bandwidth%
• CR consist o" R) "ront end and baseband processor which !oduate*
de!oduate the si$na%
• IEEE +,% is standard "or! o" co$nitive radio&CR'
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CO!NITI&E "'$IO C(CLE
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SPECT"%M SENSIN!
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SPECT"%M SENSIN!
Three Techniques o" .pectru! .ensin$:-/% Ener$# detection&ED'
% 0atched "iter detection&0)'
1% C#costationar# detection&C.D'
ENERGY DETECTION:-
• It is si!pest technique 2aso 3nown as radio!etr#%
• In this !ethod2 the ener$# o" the received si$na is cacuated
which is co!pared a$ainst so!e $iven threshod to deter!ine
the presence or absence o" 45 si$na%
• It does not require prior in"or!ation about si$na2 is a non
co-operative detection technique%
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MATCHED FI!TER:-
• It is a inear "iter and per"or!ance better in ow .NR condition
• Need o" prior 3nowed$e o" the pri!ar# user si$na %
• 0atched "iter per"or!s correation between un3nown si$nas with the3nown si$na%
• The output o" the 0) is then co!pared a$ainst the threshod to decide the
presence or absence o" 45 si$na in the speci"ied band%
Cyclostationary
• A si$na is said to be c#costationar# i" its autocorreation "unction is
periodic in ti!e%
• C#costationar# "eature detection per"or!s better in ow .NR %
• The c#costationar# si$na detection technique is a $ood detection
technique because it per"or!s we with ess in"or!ation about si$na
structure%
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O)*ECTI&E
• The !ain ob6ective o" the thesis is to conduct co!parison o"
Ener$# Detector2 0atch )iter2 C#costationar# Detector
spectru! sensin$ techniques in co$nitive radio%
• The secondar# ob6ective is to incude appication o" IEEE
+,%// and IEEE +,%/7%
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LITE"'T%"E "E&IE+
• Shil,a mehta -.//01 ha# #how the &2$L im,lementation of#,ectrum #en#ing techniue3 ,ro,o#ed b4 u#ing a#imulation tool 5ilin67 The author ob#erve that 89
:7 Probabilit4 of detection increa#e# #igni;cantl4 when #ignal
to noi#e ratio increa#e#7.7 The detection ,robabilit4 decrea#e# when the bandwidth
factor increa#e#7
• Lei 4ang -./::1 ha# ,ro,o#ed c4clo9energ4 detector forthe #,ectrum #en#ing ,roblem ba#ed on the c4clo#tationar4
#ignal anal4#i#7 Thw author found that c4clo 9energ4detector i# better com,ared to c4clo#tationar4 detector
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Contd7
• Paul $7#utton -.//
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• +on94eol lee -./::1 ha# #olved the #,ectrume=cienc4 and interference ,roblem7 )4 $evelo,ingo,timal #,ectrum framewor> he anal4?e thatthrough framewor> ma6imi?ation the #en#ing
e=cienc4 can im,rove and avoid interference7
• Octavia '7 $obre -./::1 ha# ,ro,o#ed a jointdetection and cla##i;cation algorithm for the
mobile +orldwide intero,erabilit4 for Microwave'cce## -+iM'51 and Long term evolution -LTE1#ignal#3 which e6,loit# the #econd9order #ignalc4clo#tationar47
Contd7
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M"#"$"%"#& S'#("#& T"$')*+ D',',"*#
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F%%/ !*&" B('D'"("*#
St i b ildi f l i
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Ste,# in building fu??4 logicba#ed #,ectrum #en#ing
deci#ion• $etermine the in,ut of the #4#tem• $etermine the out,ut of the #4#tem
• Choo#e +ord $e#cri,tion
L mean# ,rimar4 u#er i# not ,re#ent7
M ab#ence of ,rimar4 u#er7
2 mean# ,rimar4 u#er i# ,re#ent7
The de#cri,tion for the #tatu# of out,ut i#
P mean# ,rimar4 u#er i# ,re#ent7
' mean# ,rimar4 u#er i# ab#ent7
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A,"*# T'#
• 'ction to be ta>en i# ba#ed on thefu??4 @If9thenA rule#7
• '##ign in,ut B2 to :3 BM to /7D andBL to /7
• If there #ummation i# greater then:7D then we conclude that ,rimar4u#er i# ,re#ent BP el#e ,rimar4 u#eri# ab#ent B'7
t
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te,# n u ng u??4 og cba#ed #,ectrum #en#ing
deci#ion• A,"*# T '#
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Signal Simulation in Matlab
Values of the parameters to simulate the signal are:-
• SNR = 30db and -30db•W= 1* 10
• ts = 1* 10-!
• N= !* W*ts• "S
! = #"n*10-1$!
• "n!= 1*10-%
•&R promises the se'ondar( users a''ess the spe'trum)hi'h is allo'ated to a primar( user so a+oiding interferen'e
to potential primar( users is a basi' re,uirement .herefore /
ha+e de'ided to dete't the primar( user status through the
'ontinuous spe'trum sensing
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or 30d SNR 2 100 Samples
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or -30d SNR 2 100 Samples
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or 30d SNR 2 !00 Samples
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or -30d SNR 2 !00 Samples
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E#'+&/ ',',*+F*+ 30B SNR 4 100S$5'(
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or -30d SNR 2 100 Samples
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or 30d SNR 2 !00 Samples
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For 9/d) SN" .//Sam,le#
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o)er spe'tral densit(
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4W5R S5&.R67 85NS/.9
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lo) 'hart for /mplement of at'h ilter .e'hni,ue
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!antt Chart -+or> Plan1
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"EFE"ENCES
• '7 !ha#emi and E7 S7 Sou#a3ACollaborative S,ectrum Sen#ing forO,,ortuni#tic 'cce## in Fading EnvironmentA3 in Proc7 IEEE$4SP'N3 ,,7 ::9:G3 Nov7 .//D7
• I7F '>4ildi?3+ Lee3 M7C &uran3 S Mohant43ANe6t !enerationH$4namic #,ectrum acce##Hcognitive radio wirele## networ>#8 '
#urve4A Com,uter Networ># D/-.//G1 .:.9.:D03 Ma4 .//G7• )7 +ild and J7 "amchandran3 A$etecting Primar4 "eceiver# for
Cognitive "adio ',,lication#A3 in Proc7 IEEE $4SP'N3 ,,7 :.K:/3Nov7 .//D7
• N7 2oven7 AOn the Fea#ibilit4 of Cognitive "adioA3 Ma#ter# the#i#%niver#it4 of California at )er>ele47 )er>ele4 C'3 .//D7
• F7 F7 $igham3 M7 S 'louini and M7J Simon3 AOn the energ4detection of un>nown #ignal# over fading channel#A3 in Proc7 IEEEInternational Conference on Communication -ICC//13 ,,7 DD9D03 Ma4 .//7
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