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RIBOSOME & RETICULUM
ENDOPLASMIC
By: Kamel
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RIBOSOM
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Processing of pre rRNA
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Ribosome Assembly
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Prokariotik
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Eukariotik
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ENDOMEMBRANESYSTEM
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THE SECRETORY PATHWAY
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Overview of Protein Sorting
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Contranslational
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Posttranslational
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Nucleus: Nuclear localization signal
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Mitochondria
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Peroxisome
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Types of Integral Membrane
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Type I
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Type II
both
Signal-anchor sequence that
functions as both an ER signal
sequence and membrane-
anchor sequence.
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Type III
The signal-anchor sequence, which is located
near the N-terminus, inserts the nascent chain
into the ER membrane with its N-terminus
facing the lumen
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Type IV
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P i M difi i F ldi d
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Protein Modifications, Folding, and
Quality Control in The RE
1. Glycosylation
2. Formation of disulfide bonds in the ER
3. Proper folding of polypeptide chains andassembly of multisubunit proteins in the ER
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Glycosylation
The addition of carbohydrate side chain to
specific amino acid residues of protein
N- linked glycosylation: oligosaccharida-
asparagin
O- linked glycosylation: serine/ threonine
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three glucose (Glc),
nine mannose (Man),
two Nacetylglucosamine
(GlcNAc) molecules, which
can be written as
Glc3Man9(GlcNAc)2
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f d lf d b d h
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Formation of disulfide bonds in the ER
disulfide bonds (
S
S
) help stabilize the tertiary
and quaternary structure of many proteins.
In eukaryotic cells, disulfide bonds are formed only in
the lumen of the rough ER Thus disulfide bonds are found only in secretory
proteins
The efficient formation of disulfide bonds in the
lumen of the ER depends on the enzymeprotein
disulfide isomerase (PDI), which is present in all
eukaryotic cells.
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Proteolytic Processing
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Control in RE
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mooth RE
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mooth RE
&
LipidSynthesis
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Colesterol
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Carbohydrate Metabolism
Glykogen Glucose
Glucose 6 phosphate glucose
Enzym: glycogen phosphorylase
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The cytochrome P450 enzyme system detoxifies many foreign
compounds the body encounters. However, P450 activity can
also make some compounds more toxic or mutagenic (for
example, some cigarette smoke compounds). To function, the
P450 enzymes require electrons to be provided by anotherprotein, typically CPR. We are investigating the genetics and
developmental biology of CPR using the Drosophila model
system. CPR is encoded by a single gene in both humans and
flies. The figure depicts the extremely pleiotropic nature ofCPR, which supplies electrons to scores of P450 isoforms. Each
P450 may in turn process many different substrates.
http://drnelson.utmem.edu/CytochromeP450.htmlhttp://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1349-7006.2004.tb03162.xhttp://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1349-7006.2004.tb03162.xhttp://www.uky.edu/Pharmacy/ps/porter/CPR.htmhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=124015http://flybase.bio.indiana.edu/reports/FBgn0015623.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleiotropyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleiotropyhttp://flybase.bio.indiana.edu/reports/FBgn0015623.htmlhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=124015http://www.uky.edu/Pharmacy/ps/porter/CPR.htmhttp://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1349-7006.2004.tb03162.xhttp://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1349-7006.2004.tb03162.xhttp://drnelson.utmem.edu/CytochromeP450.html7/27/2019 Ribosom RE
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