School Education and E-learning學校教育與電子學習
Dr. Kong Siu Cheung江紹祥博士
Department of Mathematics and Information TechnologyThe Hong Kong Institute of Education
What is e-Learning?
Distant learning: e-Leaning is unique and represents a new era of distance education which is facilitated on-line through network technologies (Garrison & Anderson, 2003)
Professional training: e-Learning transforms traditional time/place/content predetermined learning into a just-in-time/at work-place/customized/on-demand process of learning (Maurer & Sapper, 2001).
A More Recent View
According to Abrami, Bernard, Wade, Schmid, Borokhovski, Tamim, Surkes, Lowerison, Zhang, Nicolaidou, Newman, Wozney & Peretiatkowicz (2006),
e-Learning generally refers to the application of computer technologies to education, consisting the ones occurring in face-to-face classrooms, in blended and hybrid courses, in mediated distance education contexts and in online learning environments.
Our View of e-Learning
Using digital technology to facilitate learning
E-Learning affects learning and teaching fundamentally in two aspects:
1) e-resources
2) e-communication
Generate a new learning environment
E-Learning environment: Two key elements
e-book
http://libref.hkpl.gov.hk/tc_chi/loginVistaEbook.html (login with public library card)
Open courseware http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/
Digitized resources: Museum websites
http://www.npm.gov.tw/zh-tw/
Digital resources: Curriculum content
http://resources.hkedcity.net/
Digital resources: Cognitive tools
http://www.nctm.org/resources/
Open digital resources related to curriculum content
http://life.mingpao.com/
Augmented reality
Augmented reality (AR) is a term for a live direct or indirect view of a physical real-whose elements are augmented world environment by virtual computer generated sensory input such as sound or graphics.
Wikitude World Browser on the iphone 3GS uses GPS and a solid state compass
Second life
http://secondlife.com/
Second Life (SL) is a virtual world developed by Linden lab launched on June 23, 2003, and is accessible on the Internet. A free client program called the Viewer enables its users, called residents, to interact with each other through avatars. Residents can explore, meet other residents, socialize, participate in individual and group activities, and create and trade virtual property and services with one another, or travel throughout the world.
Google document for knowledge co-construction
Wikipedia for knowledge sharing A free, web-based, collaborative, multilingual
encyclopedia project supported by the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation. Its 17 million articles have been written collaboratively by volunteers around the world, and almost all of its articles can be edited by anyone with access to the site.
Web search engines for knowledge acquisition
e-Resources
Any digital resources that are “actually used by teachers and learners for the purpose of learning” (CERI, 2009, p.11)
e.g. websites for learning English as a second language; e-encyclopedia; e-Learning platform, etc.
Flexibility of school education with the introduction of e-resources
augmented reality(AG) second life(SL)
Wikipedia digitalized resources from pubic agencies
web search engines Google document open digital resource related to curriculum learning
cognitive tools open courseware
e-textbook
Mobile and Portable devices
Learning Management System : Moodle & Mahara
http://moodle.org/
http://mahara.org/
Learning Management System : Fronter
http://com.fronter.info/
Social networking tools: MSN, blog &Facebook
e-Communication
Communication within the context of technology features
e.g. wiki, msn, facebook, etc.
Flexibility of school education with the introduction of e-communication
Social networking tools: MSN, blog & Facebook Learning Management System (LMS): Moodle , Mahara & Fronter
real-time mobility and portability: tablet, netbook, ipad & iphone
technology enriched classroom
A new ecology in school education
e-Learning environment
e-Resources
e-Communication
Structured for learning
Not structured
for learning
Physically together
Not physically together
Not sensitive to temporal factor
Sensitive to temporal factor
Not sensitive to temporal factor
Sensitive to temporal factor
Synchronous
Asynchronous
Synchronous
Asynchronous
Pedagogical Opportunities
E-learning may fit into a spectrum of instructional approaches, varying from traditional to innovative, which may greatly increase learning possibility as well as flexibility.
In e-learning environment, learning happens both individually and collectively across different contexts, being in school and after-school, formal and informal.
e-Learning environment
e-Resources
e-Communication
Structured for learning
Not structured
for learning
Physically together
Not physically together
Not sensitive to temporal factor
Sensitive to temporal factor
Not sensitive to temporal factor
Sensitive to temporal factor
Synchronous
Asynchronous
Synchronous
Asynchronous
Meaning MakingMediationClassroom based dialogue
e-Resources: Structured for Learning Not Sensitive to Temporal Factor
e-Learning environment
e-Resources
e-Communication
Structured for learning
Not structured
for learning
Physically together
Not physically together
Not sensitive to temporal factor
Sensitive to temporal factor
Not sensitive to temporal factor
Sensitive to temporal factor
Synchronous
Asynchronous
Synchronous
Asynchronous
e-Resources: Structured for Learning Sensitive to Temporal Factor
Authentic learning Subjects like Liberal Study need updated teaching and learning materials
Ming Pao has established a website (life.mingpoo.com) to provide liberal study materials
e-Learning environment
e-Resources
e-Communication
Structured for learning
Not structured
for learning
Physically together
Not physically together
Not sensitive to temporal factor
Sensitive to temporal factor
Not sensitive to temporal factor
Sensitive to temporal factor
Synchronous
Asynchronous
Synchronous
Asynchronous
e-Resources: Not Structured for Learning Not Sensitive to Temporal Factor
Guided exploratory learning
Exploratory learning
Self-regulated learning
Authentic learning
Project based learning
Collaborative learning
Expert-based course
點擊螢幕並持續按住滑鼠右鍵,隨意拖拽箭頭以遊覽虛擬博物館
參觀一個觀賞點後,可點擊其他數字遊覽其他觀賞點
點擊“ more”以進一步放大圖片,及展示展品資料
e-Learning environment
e-Resources
e-Communication
Structured for learning
Not structured
for learning
Physically together
Not physically together
Not sensitive to temporal factor
Sensitive to temporal factor
Not sensitive to temporal factor
Sensitive to temporal factor
Synchronous
Asynchronous
Synchronous
Asynchronous
e-Resources: Not Structured for Learning Sensitive to Temporal Factor
Guided exploratory learning
Exploratory learning
Self-regulated learning
Authentic learning
Project based learning
Collaborative learning
Weather Vocabulary
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8wKoRdQ_JN8&feature=related
The weather song
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Ja4j4ltnRw
e-Learning environment
e-Resources
e-Communication
Structured for learning
Not structured
for learning
Physically together
Not physically together
Not sensitive to temporal factor
Sensitive to temporal factor
Not sensitive to temporal factor
Sensitive to temporal factor
Synchronous
Asynchronous
Synchronous
Asynchronous
e-Communication: Physically-togetherSynchronous
more efficiency, more productivity i.e. teachers broadcast and send files to students, using mobile devices
e-Learning environment
e-Resources
e-Communication
Structured for learning
Not structured
for learning
Physically together
Not physically together
Not sensitive to temporal factor
Sensitive to temporal factor
Not sensitive to temporal factor
Sensitive to temporal factor
Synchronous
Asynchronous
Synchronous
Asynchronous
e-Communication: Physically-togetherAsynchronous
Self-regulated learning using one-to-one computing devicesCollaborative learning using two/three/four-to-one computing devices
e-Learning environment
e-Resources
e-Communication
Structured for learning
Not structured
for learning
Physically together
Not physically together
Not sensitive to temporal factor
Sensitive to temporal factor
Not sensitive to temporal factor
Sensitive to temporal factor
Synchronous
Asynchronous
Synchronous
Asynchronous
e-Communication: Not Physically-together and Synchronous
Self-paced learning Collaborative learningDelivery of on-line lessons from experts of the subject domain takes care of learning differences, i.e. distance education: students register online courses themselves
e-Learning environment
e-Resources
e-Communication
Structured for learning
Not structured
for learning
Physically together
Not physically together
Not sensitive to temporal factor
Sensitive to temporal factor
Not sensitive to temporal factor
Sensitive to temporal factor
Synchronous
Asynchronous
Synchronous
Asynchronous
e-Communication: Not Physically-together and Asynchronous
Self-paced learning
Collaborative learning
Deep Learning
21st century educational goal
Life-long learning orientation
emphasizes the development of higher order thinking skills, which refer to complex judgmental skills such as Analysis Evaluation Synthesis Critical thinking Problem solving
21st century educational goal(cont.)
Connectedness orientation
emphasizes that students
collaborate with /
learn from peers and experts
Temporal Factor
Spatial Factor
Synchronize
Not Physically Together Physically Together
Online resources/ Expert
Online resources/ Expert
E-learning platform
E-learning platform
Mass Lectures
Extended
Learning
Classroom
E
-learning
Online resources/ Expert
Online resources/ Expert
Asynchronous
Small group/ individual
Role of teachers
Curriculum planner
Facilitator
Mentor Induce learning Induce collaboration with peers
Role of teachers (cont. )
Information literacy (IL) educator
21st century skills educator
Challenges
Visionary leadership
Paradigm shift in learning and teaching
Effective ways of assessing 21st century learning skills
School Education and E-learning學校教育與電子學習
Thank You for Your Attention!
Dr. KONG Siu Cheung江紹祥博士
Department of Mathematics and Information Technology
The Hong Kong Institute of Education