2) HSiCl3SiH Cl
LiSiH Si H
Cl2
CH2Cl2
SiCl Si Cl
1
Cl1) Mg
TETRAISOPROPYLDISILANE-1,2-DIYL – A NEW BIFUNCTIONAL
PROTECTING GROUP IN NUCLEOSIDE CHEMISTRY
Sylwia Musiał1, Grzegorz Hreczycho2, Hieronim Maciejewski2, Marcin K. Chmielewski1 and Wojciech T. Markiewicz1*
1Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, PL-61704 Poznań, Poland
2Department of Organometallic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Grunwaldzka 6, PL-60780 Poznań, Poland
* correspondence to: [email protected]
1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetraisopropyldisilane (1) was obtained in high yield starting with
trichlorosilane and appropriate Grignard reagent. Then homocoupling in the presence of
lithium giving dihydrodisilane, which in the chlorination reaction gave silylating reagent.
The development and introduction into organic synthesis of tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-
diyl [1] and other bifunctional silyl protecting groups [2-5] substantially simplified and shortened
many reaction procedures in nucleic acids chemistry and related fields.
Functionalization of ribonucleosides is still an exciting synthetic problem as there is a
great interest in chemical synthesis of RNA and its analogues as well as in new nucleoside
analogues.
Besides a wide scope of applications of tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diyl (TIPDSi) group
there were numerous efforts to find its analogues that would be more stable under basic
conditions or easier accessible and cheaper. The carba analogue of the disiloxane protection
TIPDSi was described and patented [5].
We decided to explore a reactivity of disilane analogues of tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-
diyl protection towards ribonucleosides.
A new bifunctional protecting group can be introduced into ribonucleosides in a one-step
procedure to protect simultaneously either 2’,3’- or 3’,5’-OH functions selectively.
Initial working hypothesis is based on the electronegativity of atoms attached to silicon
atom. By comparing the difference in electronegativity between the atoms forming protecting
groups, we found that the more electropositive silicon atom is, the more energy is needed to
break the Si-Cl bond, thus decreasing the reactivity of protecting reagent.
In summary, we have developed the first bifunctional silyl protective group which can be
introduced into ribonucleosides in a one-step procedure to protect simultaneously either 2’,3’-
or 3’,5’- hydroxyl functions selectively.
Tetraisopropyldisilane-1,2-diyl group is compatible with wide range of reaction conditions
used in organic synthesis. Its properties including selective removal with fluorides are similar
to known silyl protecting groups, yet further increase a scope of their synthetic applications.
Results covered by patent protection within Project co-financed by the European Regional
Development Fund within Operational programme Innovative Economy
Si SiCl
C
C
Si SiCl
C
C
C Si SiCl
C
C
O>>
Si Si
0
Si C
0.65
Si O
1.54
H2’
H2’
H5
H1’
H5’
H3’ H4’ H5”
H5
H1’
H3’ H5’ H4’ H5”
B
O
OO
O
Si
SiC O
H3C
B
O
OHO
O
Si
Si
H3’ H5
H1’
H4’
H5’,H5”
H5 H1’ H2’ H3’
H4’ H5’ H5”
H2’
B
O
OO
O
Si Si
C
O
H3C
B
O
OO
HO
Si Si
+
SiCl Si Cl
1
imidazole,
Et3N, THF,
r.t., 2h
Si SiN N
4
N N
B
O
OHOH
HO
2
B
O
OO
HO
Si Si
3
B
O
OHO
O
Si
Si
5
B = nucleobases; a) pyridine, r.t., 1 h, 95% yield; b) pyridine, THF, r.t., 1.5 h, 90% yield
+
b
a
1. Markiewicz, W.T., Wiewiórowski, M., Nucleic Acids Symp. Ser., 1978, 185-190; Markiewicz,
W.T., J. Chem. Research (S), 1979, 24-25.
2. Ryu, S., Murai et al., J. Org. Chem., 1978, 43, 780-782; Corey, E.J., Hopkins, P.,B. et al., J.
Am. Chem. Soc., 1979, 101, 7131-7134.
3. Markiewicz, W.T., Nowakowska, B., Adrych, K., Tetrahedron Lett., 1988, 29, 1561-1564.
4. Markiewicz, W.T., Adrych, K., Nucleosides and Nucleotides, 1988, 7, 671-674.
5. Chow, S., Wen, K., Sanghvi, Y.S. et al., Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids, 2003,
22, 583-587.
6. Markiewicz, W.T., Musiał, S., Hreczycho, G., Maciejewski, H., Chmielewski, M.K., Patent
Application PL399003, 2012.