The Effect of Greenhouse Effect on Marine Ecology

IB Group 4-1 2011 Internal Assessment NIS: Rik Aikman, Wonwoo Choi

FIS: Ji-Eun Park, Yumi Nishikawa

Table of Contents

•The Green House Effect•Laboratory Demonstration 1•Laboratory Demonstration 21. Greenhouse Effect

(Chemistry)

•Deep Sea Sequestering•Acidification of Sea Water•Results•Effects on Marine Life2. Deep Sea

Sequestering(Biology)

• Electricity Generation•Wind Energy Electricity Generation3. Offshore Wind

Farm 1(Physics)　

•The Ecological Ramification of Wind Energy

•Experiment•Lab Design•Result

4. Offshore Wind Farm 2

(Biology)

•Wonwoo, Rik, Ji-Eun5. Self Reflection

1. The Greenhouse Effect•Sun’s light• Visible• Ultraviolet

•Absorption & Emission

Laboratory DemonstrationVinegar + Baking Soda Carbon DioxideNaHCO3 + CH3COOH

CH3COO-Na+ + H2O + CO2

Hypothesis If we create an atmosphere of

carbon dioxide in the tank with the heat lamps on, then the temperature of the tank will rise because of the greenhouse effect.

Laboratory Demonstration

Final Temperature (6 minutes after reaction)Tank A = +2.3 CControl = +0.1 C

0 60 120

180

240

300

360

420

480

540

600

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

Graph of the change in temperature of the tank

with CO2 presence

AControl

Tem

pera

ture

(°C

)Tank/Time 0 30 60 90 120 150 180A 28.9 28.8 29 29.2 29.2 29.2 29.2Control 28.3 28.3 28.4 28.4 28.3 28.4 28.3

Tank/Time 210 240 270 300 330 360 390A 29.3 29.2 28 28 27.9 27.5 28Control 28.5 28.5 28.7 28.6 28.4 28.3 28.6

Tank/Time 420 450 480 510 540 570 600A 28.5 29.6 30.1 30.9 31.2 30.8 31.2Control 28.7 28.3 28.5 28.9 28.7 28.6 28.4

2. Deep Sea Sequestering

•Storing CO2 in the sea•Less CO2 in the atmosphere•Acidifies the Ocean •Dangerous for marine life

Acidification of sea water Lab Aim: State the pH sea, and compare the

results of the pH values of the variety of waters with those affected by CO2.

This is to show how CO2 affects the pH scale of seawater.

Seawater is slightly alkaline, therefore we will start out with a blue color shown by the pH indicator.

Acidification of seawater

ResultsThe seawater becomes lighter.Indicating that the seawater becomes more

acidic if CO2 is added.

Effects on marine lifeThe dissolution of carbon dioxide in sea water makes it more acidic. decrease in a very important form of inorganic carbon: the carbonate

ion (CO32-). Numerous marine organisms such as corals, etc rely on carbonate

ions to form their calcareous shells or skeletons in a process known as calcification.

The concentration of carbonate ions in the ocean largely determines whether there is dissolution or precipitation of aragonite and calcite, the two natural polymorphs of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), secreted in the form of shells or skeletons by these organisms.

Today, surface waters are supersaturated with respect to aragonite and calcite, meaning that carbonate ions are abundant.

This super saturation is also essential to keep these structures intact. Existing shells and skeletons might dissolve if pH reaches lower values, and the oceans turn corrosive for these organisms.

3. Offshore Wind Farm 1 Electricity Generation

•Faraday’s law of induction•Induced Current

• The current obtained due to the relative motion between the coil and the magnet

Wind Energy Electricity GenerationKinetic energy

mechanical energy electrical energy

Bernoulli’s principle

Magnetic rotor and copper wire Diagram of a wind energy generator

4. Offshore Wind Farm 2The Ecological Ramifications of Wind EnergyAlthough wind energy benefits us, it distracts marine animals

vibration- vibration cause water movement, which gives distraction to fish, and its noise can disturb marine mammals’ vocal communication

Electromagnetic field- the field distracts fish that are relying on geomagnetic field when moving

As a result, marine animals migrate to different area or modify their behavior.

ExperimentAim: To make improvements in offshore wind

farm from disturbing fish and its environment regarding effect of vibration and electromagnetic field.

Procedure:Simulate offshore wind farm

Make a large fish tankUse electric fan as a wind turbine

Lab Design

Result

Solution/Time 1st 30 sec 2nd 30 sec 3rd 30 secControl Some stayed

Most migratedSome stayedMost migrated

1 stayed19 migrated

Solution 1 Most stayedSome migrated

18 stayed2 migrated

Half stayedHalf migrated

Solution 2 Half stayedHalf migrated

Some stayedMost migrated

2 stayed18 migrated

Solution 3 Some stayedMost migrated

3 stayed17 migrated

Most stayedSome migrated

Result:•Control: no materials•Solution 1: planting water plant near the fan•Solution 2: netting around the fan•Solution 3: covering base of the fan with gravel