What’s the “Delta G” partof a chemical reaction?a. it’s the atomic weightb. it’s how much energy is madec. it’s the strength of the bondsd. it’s the energy input/release
What’s the “Delta G” partof a chemical reaction?a. it’s the atomic weightb. it’s how much energy is madec. it’s the strength of the bondsd. it’s the energy input/release
Recall:A Chemical Reaction involves the
Making or Breaking of bonds, which are
Electron Relations between atoms
And when we look at living systems,from atom to organism,
we can view it in terms ofLevels of Structure
That was a fairly simpleorganic molecule. Let’s look at one a bit more
complex, and let me saya few words about it.
But METABOLISM consists ofTWO parts:
ANABOLISM—the “building up”of large molecules from
smaller ones.But also there is
CATABOLISM, the breakdown of larger moleculesinto smaller ones.
Hydrolysis is DOWNHILL towards
less structure, and theUniverse favors processes like this
over those in the direction of more structure
Let’s begin to lookat building up and breaking down
in relation toone of our classes of Organic Molecules,CARBOHYDRATES
But subtle differences in structure(ISOMERS)can producesugars of
different types
(Q. What does “subtle” mean?)
At this point we should begin to consider a
key idea when we are dealing with the
biomolecules that are most common in a l.s.
That is: very large ones can be made by combining together
many similar smallunits.
Key words: Monomers and Polymers
We see this well illustrated with carbohydrates
here:Glucoses are the—MONOMERSAnd the larger biomolecule is a
POLYMER, in this case, aPOLYSACCHARIDE
But there is more subtlety inStructure as we continue.
Let’s consider the situationthat involves Alpha-bonds
And Beta-bonds(NOT Barry Bonds)
Let’s consider Starch, and Higher Levels of Structure
Beyond the structureWe’ve seen from Covalent Bonds
Let’s consider HYDROGEN BONDS