Transcript

PHN MT C HC

VT L 10PHN MT C HC.

Chng I ng hc cht im.

Bi 2: Chuyn ng thng bin i u.

Gia tc ca chuyn ng:a = (m/s2) Qung ng trong chuyn ng:

t +

Phng trnh chuyn ng:x = x0 + 0t + at2 Cng thc c lp thi gian:

2 02 = 2

Bi 3: S ri t do.

Vi gia tc: a = g = 9,8 m/s2 (= 10 m/s2). Cng thc: Vn tc:

= g.t (m/s) Chiu cao (qung ng): h=

Bi 4: Chuyn ng trn u. Vn tc trong chuyn ng trn u:

(m/s) Vn tc gc:

(rad/s) Chu k: (K hiu: T) l khong thi gian (giy) vt i c mt vng. Tn s (K hiu: ): l s vng vt i c trong mt giy.

= ( Hz) ln ca gia tc hng tm: aht = (m/s2).Chng II ng lc hc cht im.Bi 9: Tng hp v phn tch lc. iu kin cn bng ca cht im. Tng hp v phn tch lc.

1. Hai lc bng nhau to vi nhau mt gc : F = 2.F1.cos

2. Hai lc khng bng nhau to vi nhau mt gc :

F= F12 + F22 + 2.F1.F2.cos

iu kin cn bng ca cht im:

Bi 10: Ba nh lut Niu-tn:

nh lut 2:

nh lut 3:

EMBED Equation.3 .Bi 11: Lc hp dn. nh lut vn vt hp dn.

Biu thc:

Trong : G = 6,67.10-11

m1, m2 : Khi lng ca hai vt.

R: khong cch gia hai vt.

Gia tc trng trng:

M = 6.1024 Khi lng Tri t.

R = 6400 km = 6.400.000m Bn knh Tri t.

h : cao ca vt so vi mt t. Vt mt t:

g

Vt cao h:g =

g =

Bi 12: Lc n hi ca l xo. nh lut Hc.

Biu thc: Fh = k. Trong :

l cng ca l xo.

bin dng ca l xo.

Lc n hi do trng lc:

P = Fh

EMBED Equation.3

EMBED Equation.3

EMBED Equation.3

Bi 13: Lc ma st.

Biu thc:Fms

Trong :

h s ma st

N p lc (lc nn vt ny ln vt khc)

Vt t trn mt phng nm ngang:

Fms =.P =.

Vt chuyn ng trn mt phng nm ngang chu tc dng ca 4 lc.

Fms

Fko

Ta c:

V ln: F = Fko - Fms

=> Khi vt chuyn ng theo qun tnh: Fko = 0

Vt chuyn ng trn mp nm ngang vi lc ko hp vi mp 1 gc

Fko

Fms

Fhp lc

Ta c:

Vt chuyn ng trn mt phn nghing.

Fms

N

P Fhp lc

Vt chu tc dng ca 3 lc: =>

T hnh v ta c:

Ta c theo inh ngha: Fma st =

(1)

Theo nh lut II Niu-ton:Fhp lc =

T (1)

Bi 14: Lc hng tm. Biu thc: Fht = aht =

Trong nhiu trng hp lc hp dn cng l lc hng tm:

Fhd = Fht

Bi 15: Bi ton v chuyn ng nm ngang.

Chuyn ng nm ngang l mt chuyn ng phc tp, n c phn tch thnh hai thnh phn

Theo phng Ox => l chuyn ng

O

xax = 0,

Thnh phn theo phng thng ng Oy.

ay = g (= 9,8 m/s2),

cao:

y Phng trnh qu o:

Qu o l na ng Parabol Vn tc khi chm t:

Chng III Cn bng v chuyn ng ca vt rn.Bi 17: Cn bng ca vt rn chu tc dng ca 2 lc v ca 3 lc khng song song.

A, Cn bng ca vt rn chu tc dng ca 2 lc khng song song.

EMBED Equation.3 iu kin:

1. Cng gi

2. Cng ln

F 3. Cng tc dng vo mt vt

4. Ngc chiu

B, Cn bng ca vt chu tc dng ca 3 lc khng song song.

iu kin:

1. Ba lc ng phng

2. Ba lc ng quy

3. Hp lc ca 2 lc trc i vi lc th 3

Bi 18: Cn bng ca mt vt c trc quay c nh. Momen lc

Vt cn bng ph thuc vo 2 yu t.

1. Lc tc dng vo vt

2. Khong cch t lc tc dng n trc quay

Biu thc:M = F.d (Momen lc)

d

Trong : F lc lm vt quay

d - cnh tay n (khong cch t

lc n trc quay) Quy tc tng hp lc song song cng chiu. A O1Biu thc: F = F1 + F2

O

(chia trong)

d1 d2 B

Chng IV Cc nh lut bo ton.

Bi 23: ng lng. nh lut bo ton ng lng.

ng lng:

Xung ca lc: l bin thin ng lng trong khong thi gian

nh lut bo ton ng lng (trong h c lp).1. Va chm mm: sau khi va chm 2 vt dnh vo nhau v chuyn ng cng vn tc .Biu thc:

2. Va chm n hi: sau khi va chm 2 vt khng dnh vo nhau l chuyn ng vi vn tc mi l:,

Biu thc:

3. Chuyn ng bng phn lc.Biu thc:

Trong : m, khi lng kh pht ra vi vn tc

M, khi lng M ca tn la chuyn ng vi vn tc sau khi pht kh

Bi 24: Cng v Cng sut.

Cng:

A =

Trong : F lc tc dng vo vt

gc to bi lc F v phng chuyn di (nm ngang) v s l chiu di qung ng chuyn ng (m) Cng sut:P = (w)vi t l thi gian thc hin cng (giy s)Bi 25, 26, 27: ng nng Th nng C nng.

ng nng: l nng lng ca vt c c do chuyn ng.

Biu thc:

nh l ng nng(cng sinh ra):

Th nng:

1. Th nng trng trng:

Trong : m khi lng ca vt (kg)

h cao ca vt so vi gc th nng. (m)

g = 9,8 or 10 (m/s2)

nh l th nng (Cng A sinh ra):

2. Th nng n hi:Wt =

nh l th nng (Cng A sinh ra):

C nng: 1. C nng ca vt chuyn ng trong trng trng:

W = W + Wt

2. C nng ca vt chu tc dng ca lc n hi:

W = W + Wt

Trong mt h c lp c nng ti mi im c bo ton.

M rng: i vi con lc n.1.

2.

A

B

Trong :

vn tc ca con lc ti mi v tr A,B

lc cng dy T ti mi v tr.

m khi lng ca con lc (kg)

PHN HAI NHIT HC

Chng V Cht kh. nh lut Bi-l Ma-ri-t (Qu trnh ng nhit)

hay

nh lut Sc-l (Qu trnh ng nhit)

. Phng trnh trng thi kh l tngBiu thc:

Trong : p sut kh

V Th tch kh

[ nhit kh (]

Chng VI C s ca nhit ng lc hcBi 32: Ni nng v S bin thin ni nng.

Nhit lng: s o bin thin ca ni nng trong qu trnh truyn nhit l nhit lng.

Biu thc:

Qta = Qthu

Trong : Q l nhit lng thu vo hay ta ra (J)

m l khi lng (kg)

c l nhit dung ring ca cht

l bin thin nhit ( oC hoc oK)

Thc hin cng:

Biu thc:

Trong : p sut ca kh.

bin thin th tch (m3) Cch i n v p sut:1= 1 pa (Paxcan)1 atm = 1,013.105 pa

1 at = 0,981.105 pa

1 mmHg = 133 pa = 1 tor

1 HP = 746 wBi 33: Cc nguyn l ca nhit ng lc hc.

Nguyn l mt: Nhit ng lc hc.

Biu thc:

Cc quy c v du:

: H nhn nhit lng

< 0 : H truyn nhit lng

A > 0 : H nhn cng

A < 0 : Hn thc hin cng

Chng VII Cht rn v cht lng. S chuyn thBi 34: Cht rn kt tinh. Cht rn v nh hnh.Cht kt tinhCht v nh hnh

Khi nim

Tnh cht1. C cu to tinh th

2. Hnh hc xc nh

3. Nhit nng chy xc nhNgc cht kt tinh

Phn loin tinh tha tinh th

ng hng

D hngng hng

Bi 35: Bin dn c ca vt rn.

A, Bin dng n hi bin dng t i:

Trong :

chiu di ban u

chiu di sau khi bin dng

bin thin chiu di ( bin dng). ng sut:

nh lut Hc v bin dng c ca vt rn:

Biu thc:

Vi l h s t l ph thuc cht liu vt rn.

Lc n hi:Ta c:

Biu thc:

Trong : (E gi l sut n hi hay sut Y-ng)

v S l tit din ca vt.

Bi 36: S n v nhit ca vt rnGi:

ln lt l: di th tch din tch khi lng ring ban u ca vt.

ln lt l: di th tch din tch khi lng ring ca vt nhit t0C.

ln lt l bin thin(phn n thm) di th tch din tch nhit ca vt sau khi n. S n di:

Vi l h s n di ca vt rn. n v:

S n khi:

Vi

S n tch (din tch):

Vi d l ng knh tit din vt rn.

S thay i khi lng ring:

Bi 37: Cc hin tng ca cc cht.

Lc cn b mt:

(N)Trong :

h s cng b mt.

chu vi ng trn gii hn mt thong cht lng. (m) Khi nhng mt chic vng vo cht lng s c 2 lc cng b mt ca cht lng ln chic vng.

1. Tng cc lc cng b mt ca cht lng ln chic vng

Fcng = Fc = Fko P (N)

Vi Fko lc tc dng nhc chic vng ra khi cht lng (N)

P l trng lng ca chic vng.

2. Tng chu vi ngoi v chu vi trong ca chic vng.

Vi D ng knh ngoi

D ng knh trong

3.Gi tr h s cng b mt ca cht lng.

Ch : Mt vt nhng vo x phng lun chu tc dng ca hai lc cng b mt

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