Tng quan v SQL serverMicrosoft SQL server l mt h qun tr c s d
liu quan h (relational database management system-RDBMS) do
Microsoft pht trin. SQL Server l mt h qun tr c s d liu quan h mng
my tnh hot ng theo m hnh khch ch cho php ng thi cng mt lc c nhiu
ngi dng truy xut d liu, qun l vic truy nhp hp l v cc quyn hn ca tng
ngi dng trn mng. Ngn ng truy vn quan trng ca Microsoft SQL server l
TransactSQL.Transact-SQL l ngn ng SQL m rng da trn SQL chun ca ISO
(International Organization for Standardization ) v ANSI (American
National Standars Institute ) c s dng trong SQL Server . Mt s cc
phin bn ni bt ca Microsoft SQL server: Microsoft SQL server 2000:
Lm ni bt dng m lnh mi, b sung cc tnh nng mi c ngha. Tng cng kh nng
nh gi, tin cy v gi tr ca sn phm. Microsoft SQL server 2005: SQL
server 2005 c pht hnh thng 11/2005, l phin bn tip theo ca SQL
Server 2000.C nhng c im ni bc sau: Nng cao bo mt. M rng T-SQL. Tng
cng h tr ngi pht trin.
Nguyn S Thng
M SV: 10T1021201
Tng cng kh nng qun l. Nng cao sn sng ca CSDL. Nng cao kh nng m
rng ca CSDL. Tng cng kh nng khai thc thng tin. N tp trung vo kh nng
x l giao dch trc tuyn trn di ng OLTP( large-scale online
transactional processing), ng dng thng mi in t (e-commerce
applications) v kho d liu (data warehousing). Ngoi ra,c nhng ci tin
quan trng nh: Dch v bo co Reporting Services, Server Broker v s
thay i ng k trong Database Engine. Microsoft SQL Servern 2008 : Ngy
27/02/2008, Microsoft t chc s kin c tn l Heroes Happen Here nhm gii
thiu sn phm mi SQL Server 2008. Microsoft SQL server 2008 c mt s ci
tin, ni bt l tnh nng phn bit loi bit ng mi v cc li ch vo trong nhm
hoc cc vng chnh.C bn vng chnh l Enterprise Data Platform, Dynamic
Development, Beyond Relational Database, v Pervasive . Cc c im ni
bt: Nn tng cho cc nhim v then cht. S pht trin ng. D liu quan h m
rng. Thng tin trong ton b doanh nghip. Microsoft SQL Server 2012:
Trong thng 3/2012, tp on Microsoft tuyn b phin bn mi nht Microsoft
SQL Server 2012, nn tng d liu sn sng trn th trng. Microsoft SQL
Server 2012 m bo cho cc tc v quan trng lun c bo mt, thi gian h thng
hot ng nhiu hn, cc tnh2
Nguyn S Thng
M SV: 10T1021201
nng bo mt c tng cng km kh nng t ph trong cung cp thng tin chuyn
su. Nn tng d liu Microsoft SQL Server 2012 c ghi nhn l em n hiu nng
hot ng nhanh ng ngc nhin. SQL Server 2012 gip gii quyt cc thch thc
lin quan n s gia tng lng d liu bng cch chuyn cc d liu ny thnh cc tm
nhn mang tnh quyt nh nhanh chng. Cc n bn ca SQL Server (Editions):
Enterpise Manager: L n bn y ca SQL Server c th chy trn 32CPU v 64GB
RAM. C cc dch v phn tch d liu Analysis Service. Standard: Ging nh
Enterprise nhng b hn ch mt s tnh nng cao cp, c th chy trn 2CPU, 4GB
RAM. Personal: Phin bn ny ch yu chy trn PC, nn c th chy trn cc h iu
hnh Windows 9x, Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows 2003 Developer: L
phin bn tng t nh Enterprise nhng b gii hn bi s user kt ni n.
Desktop Engine: L phin bn mt engine ch chy trn desktop v khng c
giao din ngi dng (GUI), kch thc CSDL gii hn bi 2GB. Win CE: S dng
cho cc ng dng chy trn Windows CE. Trial: Phin bn dng th, b gii hn
bi thi gian. SQL Client: L phin bn dnh cho my khch, khi thc hin
khai thc s thc hin kt ni n phin bn SQL Server, phin bn ny cung cp
giao din GUI khai thc cho ngi s dng.
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Nguyn S Thng
M SV: 10T1021201
SQL Connectivity only: L phin bn s dng ch cho cc ng dng kt ni n
SQL Server, phin bn ny khng cung cp cng c GUI cho ngi dng khai thc
SQL Server. Cc phin bn ny c ci t ph thc vo b ci t m bn chn hoc la
chn khai ci t (v d phin bn Enterprise, Standard, Personal, bn phi
chn theo b ci t, phin bn SQL Client, Connectivity, do bn chn trong
cc hp thoi trong qu trnh ci t).
SQL Server c mt s c tnh sau: Cho php qun tr mt h CSDL ln (ln n
vi tega byte), c tc x l d liu nhanh p ng yu cu v thi gian. Cho php
nhiu ngi cng khai thc trong mt thi im i vi mt CSDL v ton b qun tr
CSDL (ln n vi chc ngn user). C h thng phn quyn bo mt tng thch vi h
thng bo mt ca cng ngh NT (Network Technology), tch hp vi h thng bo
mt ca Windows NT hoc s dng h thng bo v c lp ca SQL Server. H tr
trong vic trin khai CSDL phn tn v pht trin ng dng trn Internet Cho
php lp trnh kt ni vi nhiu ngn ng lp trnh khc dng xy dng cc ng dng c
th (Visual Basic, C, C++, ASP, ASP.NET, XML,...). S dng cu lnh truy
vn d liu Transaction-SQL (Access l SQL, Oracle l PL/SQL).
Mt s khi nim ca SQL server:4
Nguyn S Thng
M SV: 10T1021201
Data Type (Kiu d liu ):l cc kiu lu tr c bn v d liu.C th chn cc
kiu d liu khc nhau, chng hn nh k t, s hoc ngy. Stored procedure (th
tc thng tr-th tc lu tr): m lnh Transact-SQL c th c vit v lu tr mang
mt tn. User defined functions (Cc hm do ngi dng nh ngha ): L cc m
lnh Transact-SQL rt ging vi cc m lnh ca th tc lu tr.C th c gi trong
cc truy vn CSDL hoc chnh sa mt c s d liu hoc ng vai tr nh cc bng. V
d: C th vit cc hm Date cho ring mnh chnh sa cc ct d liu c kiu
datetime. Constraints (Cc rng buc): L cc c ch c h thng ci t da trn
my ch nhm bo v tnh ton vn ca d liu. Triggers (cc by li): L cc th tc
lu tr kch hot trc hoc sau khi b sung ,sa cha hoc xa d liu ra khi
CSDL.m bo tun theo cc quy tc kinh doanh hoc quy tc ton vn d liu khc
trong CSDL. Views (Cc khung nhn-hay bng o): L cc truy vn lu tr
trong CSDL c th tham chiu ti mt hoc nhiu bng.Thng th hin hoc khng
th hin cc ct no trong bng hoc l lin kt hai hoc nhiu bng vi nhau.
Indexes (Cc ch mc ): Gip t chc li d liu, nn cc truy vn chy nhnh
hn.
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Nguyn S Thng
M SV: 10T1021201
Cc m hnh truy xut d liu : Kin trc Client/ Server (Client/ Server
architecture): Pha my ch thng c ci t cc h c s d liu bo gm cc bng
biu, cc th tc lu tr . . . v iu khin cc tin trnh sau: Qun l d liu,
bo mt d liu, thc hin truy vn, rng buc v cc th tc lu tr, iu khin
li.Pha my khch: To giao din ngi s dng (User interface) Kin trc nhiu
tng (N-tier Architecture ): Qu trnh x l c phn tn trn cc lp khc nhau
vi cc chc nng ring bit, ph hp cho vic t chc h thng thng tin trn mng
Internet hay trong cc mng cc b.Cc tng (lp ): Ngun d liu, truy cp d
liu, lp giao dch, lp giao din.
Transact SQL (T-SQL) : L ngn ng SQL m rng da trn chun ANSI. L
ngn ng giao tip gia ng dng v SQL server T-SQL bao gm cc nhm : o
Data Definition Language (DDL): ngn ng nh ngha d liu.CREATE, ALTER,
DROP. o Data Manipulation Language (DML): Ngn ng x l d liu.SELECT,
INSERT, UPDATE. o Data Control Language Statements (DCL): ngn ng iu
khin d liu.DENY, GRANT, REVOKE
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