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Grad
e 3
Core
Know
ledge
Lang
uage
Arts®
• Skil
ls St
rand
Unit 4Skills Workbook
Unit 4Skills Workbook
Skills StrandGrade 3
Core Knowledge Language Arts®
Creative Commons LicensingThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
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Unit 4Skills Workbook
This Skills Workbook contains worksheets that accompany the lessons from the Teacher Guide for Unit 4. Each worksheet is identified by its lesson number and where it is intended to be used. For example, if there are two worksheets for Lesson 8, the first will be numbered 8.1 and the second 8.2. The Skills Workbook is a student component, which means each student should have a Skills Workbook.
Unit 4 1© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X
Rome, Then and Now
1. HowdidRomestartout?
A. Romestartedoutasalargecity.
B. RomestartedoutasafewhousesonthebanksoftheTiberRiver.
C. RomestartedoutasafewhousesalongtheNileRiver.
D. Romestartedoutasasmallcountry.
Page _____
2. WhatistheshapeofItalyonamap?
A. Italy’sshapelookslikeasandal.
B. Italy’sshapelookslikeatennisshoe.
C. Italy’sshapelookslikeaboot.
D. Italy’sshapelookslikeaflipflop.
Page _____
3. WhatbodyofwatersurroundsItalyonthreesides?
A. TheAtlanticOceansurroundsItalyonthreesides.
B. TheTiberRiversurroundsItalyonthreesides.
C. TheBlackSeasurroundsItalyonthreesides.
D. TheMediterraneanSeasurroundsItalyonthreesides.
Page _____
1.1
2 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
4. HowlongagodidRomestartgrowing?
A. Romestartedgrowingabout500yearsafterthebirthofJesus.
B. Romestartedgrowingabout500yearsbeforethebirthofJesus.
C. Romestartedgrowingabout500yearsago.
D. Romestartedgrowingabout1,000yearsago.
Page _____
5. CircletheareasorcountriesthatancientRometookover.
France Spain
Germany China
Ireland Turkey
Egypt NorthernAfrica
SouthAmerica Greece
theBalkans MiddleEast
Page(s) _____
Unit 4 3© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: 1.2
Dear Family Member,
Pleasehelpyourchildsucceedinspellingbytakingafewminuteseacheveningtoreviewthewordstogether.Helpfulactivitiesforyourchildtodoinclude:spellingthewordsorally,writingsentencesusingthewords,orsimplycopyingthewords.
Spelling Words
Thisweek,wewillbereviewingthespellingsofr-controlledvowels.Yourchildlearnedtoreadandspellwordswithr-controlledvowelsinfirstandsecondgrades,sothisshouldbeareview.OnFriday,yourchildwillbeassessedonthesewords.
StudentshavebeenassignedtwoChallengeWords,aboveandbeginning,tospellthisweek.RememberthatChallengeWordsdonotfollowspellingpatternsandneedtobememorized.
NewthisweekistheintroductionofaContentWord.TheContentWordforthisweekisMediterranean.Thiswordisdirectlyrelatedtothematerialthatwearereading.TheContentWordisanoptionalspellingwordforyourchild.Ifyourchildwouldliketotryspellingitbutgetsitwrong,itwillnotcountagainsthimorherontheassessment.Weencourageeveryonetostretchthemselvesabittotrytospellthisword.
Take-HomeWorksheet
4 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Thespellingwords,includingtheChallengeWordsandtheContentWord,arelistedbelow:
1. tarnish
2. marbles
3. portion
4. motor
5. circulate
6. servant
7. turkey
8. doctor
9. worship
10. surgery
11. immortal
12. sword
13. messenger
14. barbecue
15. giraffe
16. slurp
17. sir
18. mirth
19. Challenge Word: above
20. Challenge Word: beginning
Content Word: Mediterranean
Student Reader
Thisweek,westartournewunitaboutancientRome.Inthisunit,yourchildwillreadStories of Ancient Rome,whichincludesinformationaboutthehistoryofRome,legends,Romangodsandgoddesses,myths,powerfulrulers,andwars,aswellastheriseofChristianity.Mrs.Teachwellisthenarratorwhowillbeguidingyourchildthroughtheinformation,someofwhichisfictionandsomenonfiction,asyourchildlearnsmanynewandexcitingfactsaboutaveryoldcivilization.Besuretoaskyourchildeacheveningaboutwhatheorsheislearning.
Thisweek,yourchildwillbereadingabouthowRomewasbuiltonthebanksoftheTiberRiver,thelegendofRomulusandRemus,andaboutRomangodsandgoddesses.
Studentswillbringhometextcopiesofthechaptersinthereaderthroughouttheunit.Encouragingstudentstoreadatextdirectlyrelatedtothisdomain-basedunitwillprovidecontentandvocabularyreinforcement.Pleaseremindyourchildthatthecopyoftheglossarytheybroughthometodaycanbeusedtofindthemeaningoftheboldedwords.
Unit 4 5© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: 1.3Take-HomeWorksheet
Rome, Then and Now“ThisisRome,”saidMrs.Teachwell,pointingtoablackdotontheclassroom
map.“ButthisisRometoo,”sheadded,asshetracedacirclethatwassolargeit
seemedtotouchallfoursidesofthemap.Thestudentslookedconfused.“Howcanitbeboth?”CharlieChattershoutedout.“I’llexplain,”Mrs.Teachwellsaid,“butpleaseraiseyourhandifyouwouldlike
tospeak.”CharlieChatternodded.Itwasnotthefirsttimehehadheardthis.Infact,Mrs.
Teachwellhadaskedhimtoraisehishandmanytimes,butitwashardforCharlie.Hismouthseemedtobefasterthanhishand.
“RomestartedoutasalittletownalongtheTiberRiver,”Mrs.Teachwellexplained.
“LikeEgyptontheNile?”Charlieasked.“Yes,”saidMrs.Teachwell,“butlet’sseethathand!”Thestudentsgiggled.“AsCharliehasjustremindedus,”Mrs.Teachwellsaid,“manycivilizations
springupalongthebanksofariver.Romewasnoexception.Itspranguphere,onthebanksoftheTiberRiver,amongsevenhills.Atfirst,Romewasjustafewhousesonahill.Then,itgrewandgrewandgrew.Afterawhile,peoplestartedbuildinghousesonotherhillsnearby.Then,thelittletownsonthehillsgrewtogethertomakeabigcity.Infact,tothisday,Romeisknownasthe‘CityofSevenHills’.
“Then,theRomansfoughtwarswiththeirneighbors.TheRomanswonmostofthesewars.TheydefeatedtheEtruscans,wholivednorthofthem.TheyconqueredtheGreeks,whohadsettledtothesouth,aswell.Itwasn’tlongbeforetheycontrolledmostofthispieceoflandthatwecallItaly.”
Mrs.TeachwelltracedtheoutlineofItalywithherfinger.
6 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
“Checkitout!”CharlieChattershouted.“Italylookslikeaboot!”“Yes,”saidMrs.Teachwell.“Italydoeslooklikeaboot,but,please,Charlie,raise
yourhand!Thisisyourlastwarning.Now,doesanyoneknowwhatthisbodyofwaterthatthebootofItalysticksoutintoiscalled?”
RachelReadmuch,whoalwayshadhernoseinabook,raisedherhand.Mrs.Teachwellcalledonher.
“It’scalledtheMediterranean,”saidRachel.“That’sright!”saidMrs.Teachwell.“ThisistheMediterraneanSea.Rome
grewsomuchthat,atitspeak,theRomanscontrolledallthelandaroundtheMediterraneanSea.TheytookovermostofSpainandFrance.TheytookoverthisareathatwecalltheBalkans.TheytookoverGreeceandmuchofTurkey.TheytookovertheMiddleEast,Egypt,andthecoastofNorthAfrica.”
TimTimetable,wholovedtolearnaboutwhenthingshappened,putuphishand.
“Whenwasallthishappening?”“Romestartedgrowingabouttwothousandfivehundredyearsago,”Mrs.
Teachwellexplained.“ItstartedgrowingaboutfivehundredyearsbeforethebirthofJesus,intheyearswecallBCorBCE.ItwasstillgrowingwhenJesuswasborn.Infact,Jesuswasbornhere,inapartoftheMiddleEastthatwascontrolledbytheRomans.”
TimTimetablemadeanoteofthedate.Mrs.Teachwellwenton:“WewillbestudyingRomeforthreeweeksorso.Each
day,wewillhaveareportonatopicconnectedtoancientRome.I’llgivethefirstfewreports.Then,eachofyoucandosomeresearchandgivethenextfew.Howdoesthatsound?”
Thekidscheered.TheywereeagertolearnmoreaboutRome.RachelReadmuchalreadyknewquitealot.TimTimetablehadlotsofquestionsaboutwhathappenedwhen.AsforCharlieChatter,hewaslookingforwardtothedaywhenhewouldgettogivehisreport.Then,hewouldgettotalkwithouthavingtoraisehishandfirst!
Unit 4 7© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: 2.1
The Legend of Romulus and Remus
1. WhowasthefatherofRomulusandRemus?
A. ThekingofLatiumwasthefatherofRomulusandRemus.
B. ThegodMarswasthefatherofRomulusandRemus.
C. RheaSilviawasthefatherofRomulusandRemus.
D. ThegodMercurywasthefatherofRomulusandRemus.
Page _____
2. Whosawthetwinsasathreatandtriedtohavethemdrowned?
A. ThegodMarssawthetwinsasathreat.
B. RheaSilviasawthetwinsasathreat.
C. ThekingofLatiumsawthetwinsasathreat.
D. Aservantsawthetwinsasathreat.
Page _____
3. Whofoundandcaredforthetwinsaftertheywashedupontheriverbank?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Page _____
8 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
4. WhydidRomulusandRemusstartfighting?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Page _____
5. Whathappenedafterthefight?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Page _____
6. WhatdidthegovernmentofRomemaketohonorRomulusandRemus?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Page _____
Unit 4 9© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: 2.2
Past, Present, and Future Tenses
Draw a wiggly line under the verb in each sentence. Remember, future tense has the word will preceding the verb. Then, write the words present, past, or future on the line after the sentence to show the verb tense.
1. WelearnedaboutancientRomeearlierthisyear.________________
2. Thefrogwillturnintoahandsomeprinceattheendofthefable.________________
3. Ourclassstudiedspellingaftergrammar.________________
4. At6:00thiseveningwewilleatsupper.________________
5. Attheendofthisyearwewillbecomefourthgraders!________________
6. Iwishuponastar.________________
7. Lukeplayedvideogamesalldayyesterday.________________
8. MyfriendsandIridethebustoschool.________________
9. Grandpatoldmestoriesyesterdayofwhenhewasalittleboy.________________
10. ThomasEdisoninventedmanythingsinhislifetime.________________
10 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb listed.
11. Bill_______________thebirdcage.(clean,pasttense)
12. MarkandRobin_______________checkersovertheweekend.(play,futuretense)
13. Mrs.Watkins________________oneachstudentthismorningtospellaword.(call,pasttense)
14. Thetalentedphotographers________________theanimalswithoutdisturbingthem.(film,pasttense)
15. Thatpencil_____________tome!(belong,presenttense)
Fill in the following chart:
Present tense Past tense Future tense
Sally plays. Sally played. Sally will play.
Theboysjumped.
Ihope.
Westudied.
Thekittenwillyawn.
Thefiredamages.
Thechildrengathered.
Motherwilluse.
Grandmavisits.
Unit 4 11© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: 2.3Take-HomeWorksheet
The Legend of Romulus and RemusWelearnedlasttimethatRomestartedasasmalltownandgrewtobecome
abigcity.Then,itgrewsomemoreuntilitbecameagreatempire.That’swhathistorianstellus.
TheRomansthemselveshaveastoryabouthowtheircitygotstartedthattheyliketotell.TheysaythatRomewasfoundedbytwinswhohadbeensavedbyawolf.
ThetwinswerenamedRomulusandRemus.TheywerethechildrenofawomannamedRheaSilviaandthegodMars.Theirmotherlovedthem,butherbrother,thekingofLatium,didnot.Hesawtheboysasathreat.Hethoughttheymightgrowupandtakehiscrownfromhim.ThekingtoldoneofhisservantstofindthetwinsanddrownthemintheTiberRiver.
Theservantfoundthetwins,buthecouldnotbringhimselftodrownthem.Instead,heputtheboysinabasket.Then,hesetthebasketintheriver.Thebasketfloateddownstream.Itdriftedanddrifteduntil,atlast,itwasheduponthebanksoftheriver.
Ashe-wolffoundthetwins.Shesawthattheywerehungry.Shetookthemtohercave.Thereshegavethemthesamemilkshefedtoherwolfpups.
Later,thetwinswereadoptedbyashepherd.Theshepherdraisedthemwell.Theygrewuptobesmartandstrong.
Whentheywere18,RomulusandRemusdecidedtocreateacityoftheirown.TheywantedtobuildacityonthebanksoftheTiber,somewhereamongthesevenhills,notfarfromwheretheyhadwashedashoreasbabies.
Soon,however,thebrothersbegantofight.“Let’sbuildourcityhere!”saidRomulus,pointingtoahill.“No!”saidRemus.“Thishilloverhereisamuchbetterspot.”Soeachbrotherstartedbuildinghisowncityonadifferenthill.Eachknewthat
itwouldbeimportanttohaveastrongwalltoprotectthecityhewasbuilding.Afterafewdays,RemusdecidedtovisitRomulustoseehowhiscitywascomingalong.
12 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Ittakesalongtimetobuildacity,soRemusdidnotexpectRomulus’scitytobefinished.Hedecided,however,totaunthisbrotherandmadefunofhisunfinishedwall.“Youcallthatawall?”hesaid.“Thatwallwouldnotkeepanyoneout!”Then,tomakehispoint,hesteppedoverthewall.
ThatmadeRomulusangry.HeandRemusstartedtofight.Nolongerrememberingthattheywerefightingoneanother,RomulusandRemusbattledwithalltheirmight.Suddenly,Remuscollapsed,felltotheground,anddied.WhenRomulussawwhathehaddone,hebegantocry.Hehadnotwishedtokillhisbrother.HedugagraveforRemus.
Romuluswentonbuildinghiscity.HenameditRomeafterhimself.Therest,astheysay,ishistory.Romegrewandgrew.Itbecameagreatcity,the
centerofamightyempire.ThegovernmentofRomemadecoins.Thecoinsshowedtwoyoungboys
reachinguptotouchashe-wolf.ThepeopleofRomehandedthesecoinsbackandforth.Theyusedthemtobuyfoodanddrinks.Theyusedthemtopaybillsandbuyclothing.Andallofthemknewwhothetwoboysonthecoinwere:theywereRomulusandRemus,thelegendaryfoundersofRome.
Unit 4 13© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: 2.4
Past, Present, and Future Tenses
Draw a wiggly line under the verb in each sentence. Remember, future tense has the word will preceding the verb. Write the words present, past, or future on the line after the sentence to show the verb tense.
1. Iwishuponastar._____________________
2. Lukeplayedvideogamesalldayyesterday.__________________
3. MyfriendsandIridethebustoschool.____________________
4. Grandpawillcomethisafternoontotellusstories.____________________
5. Themotherdogcaredforherpups.__________________
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb listed.
1. Bobby________________thedishwasherwiththedirtydishes.(fill,pasttense)
2. Mrs.SandersandMrs.White___________________acrosstheoceanonaboatnextsummer.(travel,futuretense)
3. Thenewrefrigerator____________________thefoodmuchbetterthantheoldone.(cool,presenttense)
4. Mybrother____________________withmeallthetime.(joke,presenttense)
Take-HomeWorksheet
14 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
5. Theblueandwhiteblossoms____________________soon.(open,futuretense)
Fill in the following chart:
Present tense Past tense Future tenseShe walks. She walked. She will walk.
Thedogbarked.Thecatscratches.
Thebunnywillsniff.
Unit 4 15© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: 3.1
The Roman Gods, Part I
1. MatchuptheGreekgodswiththeirRomancounterpartsbyputtingtheappropriateletterintheblank.
_____Jupiter A.Dionysus
_____Juno B.Poseidon
_____Neptune C.Eros
_____Venus D.Athena
_____Mercury E.Zeus
_____Mars F.Ares
_____Cupid G.Apollo
_____Bacchus H.Hera
_____Minerva I.Aphrodite
_____Apollo J.Hermes
Page _____
16 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
2. WhatweapondidZeususeagainstthosewhoangeredhim?
A. Zeususedaspearagainstthosewhoangeredhim.
B. Zeususedatornadoagainstthosewhoangeredhim.
C. Zeususedathunderboltagainstthosewhoangeredhim.
D. Zeususedarrowsagainstthosewhoangeredhim.
Page _____
3. Whowasthegodofwar?
A. Mercurywasthegodofwar.
B. Bacchuswasthegodofwar.
C. Neptunewasthegodofwar.
D. Marswasthegodofwar.
Page _____
4. Whowasthemessengerofthegods?
A. Dianawasthemessengerofthegods.
B. Mercurywasthemessengerofthegods.
C. Vulcanwasthemessengerofthegods.
D. Bacchuswasthemessengerofthegods.
Page _____
Unit 4 17© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
18 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
3.2
Word Shelf
–ermeansa person who
teacher
farmer
painter
hunter
Name:
Unit 4 19© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: 3.3
–er: Suffix Meaning “a person who”
teacher—(noun) a person who shows someone how to do somethingfarmer—(noun) a person who grows crops and raises animalspainter—(noun) a person who covers something with colored, liquid substance to make a picture or decoratehunter—(noun) a person who chases and kills wild animals for food or sport
Write the correct word to complete each sentence.
hunter singer teacher farmer painter player
1. Thestar_________________onthesoccerteamwaschosentotakethepenaltykickinhopesofwinningthegameforhisteam.
2. Afterheavyrainforafewdays,the_________________checkedtoseehowmanyofhisfieldswereflooded.
3. Thebandhadtofindsomeonetoreplacethe_________________sincenoneoftheotherbandmembershadagoodvoice.
4. A_________________cametoschooltopaintthewallsinthecafeteriaaftertheyhadtoberepaired.
20 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
5. Mygrandmother’sneighborisa_________________whohuntsdeerandcertainbirds.
Writeyourownsentenceusingtheonewordleftinthebox.
6.
Unit 4 21© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
22 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
3.4
Word Shelf
–ormeansa person who
actor
inspector
governor
counselor
Name:
Unit 4 23© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: 3.5
–or: Suffix Meaning “a person who”
actor—(noun) a person who behaves in a particular way or performs on stageinspector—(noun) a person who examines carefullygovernor—(noun) a person who officially controls and leadscounselor—(noun) a person who gives advice to people about their problems
Write the correct word to complete each sentence.
governor actor visitor counselor inspector sailor
1. Mybrother’s_________________atschoolgaveapresentationabouthowtohandlebullies,whichhesharedwithusathome.
2. An_________________thatmymomreallylikeshasbeeninmoviesandtelevisionshows.
3. The_________________hastocomeseveraltimestoseehowconstructionofournewhouseiscomingalongtodetermineifeverythingisbeingdoneasitshouldbe.
4. The_________________iscomingtotourourschoolandgiveapresentationnextmonthabouthisplantoimproveeducationinthestate.
24 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
5. Oneoftheactivitiesmysistertriedatsummercampwaslearningtobea_________________onasmallboatatthelake.
Writeyourownsentenceusingtheonewordleftinthebox.
6.
futureSorry, lose a turn
present Ride the waterfall!
present future
Tree falls! Lose a
turn
present present past
future
present pastTake a card from your opponent
pastSorry, lose a turn
START
FINISH!
present future pastTake
another turn
past
future
Give a card to your
opponent
future
past
past
present past futureTake
another turn
present
Match Me If You
Can!
Match Me If You
Can!
3.6
28 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Unit 4 29© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: 3.7
Steve and Dan escaped the fire
just in time.
The new mother will name her
baby Don.
The crew worked through
the night.
Fran imagines a wonderful fairy
tale setting.
The fire engine zoomed by my
house.
The chef will fry the potatoes and onion rings for
supper.
The young child matches
her shirt to her pants.
I will show you my new puppy!
Father will take us to the movies this afternoon.
30 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Unit 4 31© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: 3.7
continued
Carla and Kevin tell funny jokes.
All of the children will sip their lemonade
on the hot, summer day.
The graceful dancer will leap high in the air.
The plant grows right before our
eyes.
The police car dashed around the corner after
the speeder.
We will try to spell our new spelling words
on Friday.
The pirates captured the
treasure.
Mother drives to work slowly.
Father called home to say he would be late.
32 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Unit 4 33© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X3.8
Blank Busters
tarnish marbles immortal barbecueportion motor messenger slurpcirculate servant giraffe mirthturkey doctor sir
worship surgery swordChallenge Word:above
Challenge Word:beginningContent Word:Mediterranean
Fill in the blanks in the sentences with one of the spelling words from the chart. If needed, add a suffix to the end of a word in order for the sentence to make sense: –s, – es, –ies, –ed, –ing.
1. Manypeopleeat__________________fortheirThanksgivingdinner.
2. RomangodswerenotlikehumanbeingsbecauseRomangodswere__________________andlivedforever.
3. Tomhasthreefracturesinhisrightlegandhis__________________saidhehastohaveatleastthree__________________.
4. Mercurywasthe__________________ofthegods.
5. Everyoneintheclasssawseveral__________________atthezoo.
6. Blood__________________throughoutthebodydeliveringoxygentoallbodyparts.
34 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
7. Joshstartedthenotetohisteacher,Mr.Davis,saying,“Dear________________,Doyouthinkwecanhavea________________nextweekwithlotsofgoodfoodforourendofyearparty?”
8. SomepeoplegotochurchonSundayforweekly__________________services.
9. Whenthelargesilvercandlestick__________________,mymotherhastopolishit.
10. Myyoungerbrotherplayswithhiscolorful__________________andplastic,toy__________________.
Write three sentences using spelling words of your choice that were not used in the first ten sentences. Make sure to use correct capitalization and punctuation. You can use the Challenge Words or the Content Word in your sentences.
1.
2.
3.
Unit 4 35© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X3.9
The Roman Gods, Part ILet’slearnaboutthegodsandgoddessesofRome.TheancientRomansdidnotbelieveinonegodwhoruledtheentireworld.They
believedinmanygods.Inmanyways,theRomangodsactedlikehumanbeings.Theyateanddrank.
Theyplayedtricksoneachother.Theyfellinloveandgotintofights.Buttherewasonemainwayinwhichthegodswerenotlikehumanbeings:thegodswereimmortal.Humanbeingsmightliveformanyyears.Somemightevenlivetobeonehundred.Eventually,though,theywoulddie.Thegods,ontheotherhand,livedforever.Theydidnot—andcouldnot—die.
TheRomans’ideasabouttheirgodsweresimilartotheancientGreeks.Infact,theyworshippedmanyofthesamegodsastheGreeks,buttheycalledthosegodsbydifferentnames.ThechartshowstheRomannamesforsomeGreekgodsyoumayalreadyknow.
Thetopgod,sometimescalledthefatheroftheimmortals,wasastrong,beardedfigure.TheGreekscalledhimZeus.TheRomanscalledhimJupiter.
Jupiterwasamightygod.Hecarriedathunderboltthathecouldthrowatanyonewhoangeredhim.IfJupiterthrewhisthunderboltatyou,thatwastheendofyou.
JupiterlivedonMount Olympus,withtheothergods.JunowasJupiter’swife.Shewasthegoddessofmarriageandtheprotectorof
wives.TheRomangodswereallrelated.Theywerelikeabigfamily.Jupiter’sbrother
Neptunewasthegodoftheseasandoceans.TherearemanystatuesofNeptune.Inmostofthem,heisholdingaspecial,
three-prongedspearcalledatrident.Neptune’stridenthadmagicalpowers.Thegodcoulduseittostirupstormsandwaves.Hecouldalsowaveitoverthestormyseasandmaketheroughseassmooth.
Take-HomeWorksheet
36 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
RomansailorsprayedtoNeptune.“GreatNeptune!”theyprayed.“Sendusgoodweatherandsmoothsailing!”
Marswasthegodofwar.Soldierswouldpraytohimbeforeabigbattle.TheRomansfoughtalotofwars,sotheyspentalotoftimeprayingtoMars.
MercurywasoneofJupiterandJuno’ssons.Hewasthemessengerofthegods.Hewasasfastasaflash.Inpaintings,heisoftenshownwithwingsonhishatandhisshoes,toshowhowfasthewas.
Venuswasthegoddessoflove.Shewasverybeautiful.IfVenuswantedsomeonetofallinlove,shecouldsendhersonCupidona
mission.Cupidwouldshootthepersonwithoneofhismagicarrows.Thepersonwouldthenfallinlovewiththefirstpersonheorshesaw.
Cupidisstillwithustoday.YouwillseelittleCupidsallovertheplaceonValentine’sDay,whenwecelebratelove.
Mercury,Venus,Mars,Jupiter,andNeptunearethenamesofplanetsinoursolarsystem.TheseplanetsarenamedaftertheRomangods.Forexample,theplanetMarsisnamedafterMars,theRomangodofwar.
Unit 4 37© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X4.1
The Roman Gods, Part II
1. Whowastheblacksmithofthegods?
A. Vulcanwastheblacksmithofthegods.
B. Marswastheblacksmithofthegods.
C. Apollowastheblacksmithofthegods.
D. Dianawastheblacksmithofthegods.
Page _____
2. CirclethesentencethatdoesNOTdescribeApollo.
A. Apollowasthegodofthesun.
B. Apollowasthegodofwar.
C. Apollowasthegodofmusic.
D. Apollowasthegodofpoetry.
Page _____
3. Minervawasthegoddessof_______andherspecialanimalwasthe_______.
A. marriage,peacock
B. wisdom,lion
C. thesun,eagle
D. wisdom,owl
Page _____
38 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
4. Whowasthegoddessofthemoonandthehunt?
A. Minervawasthegoddessofthemoonandthehunt.
B. Venuswasthegoddessofthemoonandthehunt.
C. Dianawasthegoddessofthemoonandthehunt.
D. Junowasthegoddessofthemoonandthehunt.
Page _____
5. Whowasthegodofgrapesandwine?
A. Bacchuswasthegodofgrapesandwine.
B. Vulcanwasthegodofgrapesandwine.
C. Apollowasthegodofgrapesandwine.
D. Mercurywasthegodofgrapesandwine.
Page _____
Unit 4 39© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X4.2
The Verb to be
Using the present tense forms of the verb to be, fill in the blanks in the following story. You may use the words more than once.
am
is
are
Oh, To Be a Prince Again!Onceuponatimeanugly,greencreaturenamedFredtheFrogsathopefulthat
hisprincesswouldcomealongandgivehimamagickiss,sohecouldonceagainbeahandsomeprince.Hesatalldaylookingupanddowntheroadawaitinghisprincess!“I_____________SOugly!”hemoaned.“Whywon’tmyprincesscometogivemeakiss?”FredtheFrowningFroglookedattheotherfrogsinthepondandsaid,pitifully,“Allofyou_____________hideous!”Hethenturnedhisbackontheotherfrogsandfretted.
FredtheFretting,FrowningFrogshoutedtothetrees,theflowers,andanythingelsethatwouldlisten,“Aprinceshouldnothavetowaitsolong!Youtreesandflowers_____________nothelpfulatall!Can’tyousendformyprincess?This_____________takingtoolong!”
Justthen,alongcameagrandcarriagecarryinghisprincess.FredtheFaithful,Forward-LookingFroghoppedtothemiddleoftheroadandstooduptallandimportant(andhopefullyregal)ashesaid,“OhmyPrincess,you_____________justintime!Theotherfrogsinthispond_____________drivingmecrazy!ComegivemeakisssoIcanchangebackintoyourhandsomeprince.”
PaulathePrettyPrincesskissedFredtheFestiveFrogandhemagicallytransformedintoPetertheProudPrince.Theylivedhappilyeverafter.
The End
40 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Write a short story using your imagination and the forms of the verb to be (am, is, are). Add a title to your story.
________________________________________________________________________________________
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Unit 4 41© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X4.3
Word Clues for Suffixes –er and –or
Choose a word from the box to answer each question and write the word on the blank.
inspector hunter counselor governor player teacher
1. IamamemberofthebasketballteamandIparticipateingamesfortheteam,workingwithmyteammatestohelptheteamdoitsbest.WhoamI?_____________________________
2. Ichaseandkillwildanimalsforfoodandsportduringtheseasonwhenthisispermitted.WhoamI?_____________________________
3. Ilookatthingsverycloselytoexaminethem,makingsuretherearenoerrorsorproblems.WhoamI?_____________________________
4. Igiveadvicetopeopleabouttheirproblemstotryandhelpthemworkthingsout.WhoamI?_____________________________
5. Ishowstudentshowtodosomething,likeaddlargenumbers,readdifficultbooks,orconductscienceexperiments.WhoamI?_____________________________
42 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
6. Iofficiallycontrolandleadthestategovernmentandhelplawmakersandotherswhoworktomakethestaterunsmoothly.WhoamI?_____________________________
Create your own word clue for the words below.
1. Word:sailorClue:______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________WhoamI?
2. Word:farmerClue:______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________WhoamI?
Unit 4 43© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X
Word Sort
First, read each word in the line beside the number. Then, circle the letters that have the same sound as the header. Finally, write only the words that follow the r-controlled spelling pattern on the lines immediately below the header. You may not need to use every line.
1.dollar remarks beware pear apart teacher
‘ar’ > /ar/________________________________________________________________________________________
2.scorch board forget store borrowed correct
‘or’ > /or/________________________________________________________________________________________
3.worm gourd horror bore professor sorrow
‘or’ > /er/________________________________________________________________________________________
4.4
44 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
4.merit certify farmer sneer berry nervous
‘er’ > /er/________________________________________________________________________________________
5.purify turf concur eureka turnip Taurus
‘ur’ > /er/________________________________________________________________________________________
6.squirt inspire iron birch flair circus
‘ir’ > /er/________________________________________________________________________________________
Unit 4 45© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X4.5
The Roman Gods, Part IIGoodmorning,class!LasttimewelearnedaboutsomeoftheRomangodsand
goddesses.Today,I’dliketotellyouaboutafewmoregodsandgoddesses.Vulcanwastheblacksmithofthegods.Hemeltedironandothermetals.Then,
heshapedthemetaltomakeasword,ahelmet,orashield.Vulcanwasthegodoffireandvolcanoes.Apollowasthegodofthesun.Hewasalsothegodofmusicandpoetry.ApolloisanothergodwhowasworshippedbyboththeGreeksandtheRomans.
HehadafamousshrineatDelphi,inGreece.WhentheGreeksandRomanswantedadvice,theywouldsendmessengerstoDelphi.ThepriestessofApollowouldgivethemananswer.Itwasalmostneveraclearanswer,though.Often,itwasmorelikeariddlethattheyhadtofigureoutontheirown.
Minervawasthegoddessofwisdom.Shewasalsothegoddessofcraftsandweaving.
Accordingtolegend,Minervawasnotbornintheusualway.Oneday,Jupitercomplainedofaheadache.Then—presto!—Minervasprang,fullygrown,fromhishead.
Minerva’sspecialanimalwastheowl.Sometimesshewaspaintedwithanowlperchedonhershoulder.
Dianawasthegoddessofthemoon.Shewasalsothegoddessofthehunt.Instatues,sheisoftenshownasayounggirl,withabowandarrow.Sometimes,thesculptorwillalsoshowoneofherdogsoradeer.
BacchuswastheRomangodofgrapesandwine.Hewasfollowedbywomenandsatyrs,whowerehalfmanandhalfgoat.
AfamousstorytellshowpiratestriedtokidnapBacchus.Thatwasabigmistake.Thegodtransformedhimselfintoalion.Heturnedtheboatintoalushgarden.Asforthepirates,hechangedthemintodolphinsandsentthemsplashingawayintheocean.
Take-HomeWorksheet
46 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Unit 4 47© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X4.6
Practice the Verb to be
Write the correct word on the blank in each sentence.
1. LillyandLaura(am, are, is)
bestfriends.
2. Mypetturtle(am, are, is)
namedTommytheTurtle.
3. MyfatherandI(am, are, is)
bothhappypeople.
4. I(am, are, is)
nineyearsold!
5.(Am, Are, Is)
youcominginthehouse?
Rewrite the five sentences above in the past tense.
1.
2.
Take-HomeWorksheet
48 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
3.
4.
5.
Unit 4 49© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X5.1
Spelling Assessment
As your teacher calls out the words, write them under the correct header.
‘or’ > /or/ ‘ir’ > /er/ ‘ar’ > /ar/
__________________ __________________ __________________
__________________ __________________ __________________
__________________ __________________ __________________
__________________ __________________ __________________
‘ur’ > /er/ ‘or’ > /er/ ‘er’ > /er/
__________________ __________________ __________________
__________________ __________________ __________________
__________________ __________________ __________________
__________________ __________________ __________________Challenge Word:______________________________
Challenge Word:_______________________________
Content Word:_________________________________
50 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Dictated Sentences
1. __________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Unit 4 51© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X5.2
Anticipation Guide: Cupid and Psyche, Parts I and II
Before reading the chapter, fill in the boxes in the ‘Before’ column of the guide with ‘yes’ or ‘no’. If you think the statement is true, write ‘yes’. If you think the statement is not true, write ‘no’. If you are having trouble deciding, write ‘don’t know’.
After reading, go back and fill in the boxes in the ‘After’ column. If the statement is true, write ‘yes’. If the statement is not true, write ‘no’ and then write what really happened.
Before Reading Questions After ReadingVenusandPsychewerefriendswhogotalongwell.
Cupidusedhisbowandarrowtoshootpeoplesotheywouldfallinlove.
PsychewenttotheTiberRivertomeetCupid.
CupidandPsychespenteverydaytogether.
CupidleftPsychebecauseshedidnottrusthim.
VenusaskedPsycheforhelp.
VenusaskedPsychetocompletetwodifferenttasks.
PsychelistenedtoProserpinaanddidnotlookinsidethebox.
CupidsavedPsychefromthespell.
PsycheandCupidneversaweachotheragain.
52 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Unit 4 53© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X5.3
Cupid and Psyche, Part I
1. WhatdidVenustellCupidtodotoPsyche?
A. VenustoldCupidtomakePsychefallinlovewithhim.
B. VenustoldCupidtotrapPsycheinamountainpalace.
C. VenustoldCupidtomakePsychefallinlovewiththeugliestmanonEarth.
D. VenustoldCupidtomakePsychelookextremelyugly.Page _____
2. WhathappenedwhenCupidwentouttodohismother’sbidding?
A. CupidaccidentlyprickedhimselfwithhisarrowandfellinlovewithPsyche.
B. CupidmadePsychefallinlovewiththeugliestmanonEarth.
C. CupidaccidentallymadePsychefallinlovewithastatue.
D. Cupidfeltbadlyandwasnotabletocarryouthismother’swishes.Page _____
3. WhydidPsycheclimbupamountain?
A. PsycheclimbedupamountaintotrytofindCupid.
B. Psycheclimbedupamountainbecauseshewastoldthatshewastomeetherhusbandthere.
C. Psycheclimbedupamountainsoshecouldbecomeagoddess.
D. Psycheclimbedupamountainbecausesheranawayfromherfamily.Page _____
54 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
4. WhydidCupidonlyvisitPsycheatnight?
A. Cupidonlyvisitedatnightbecausehewasonlyabletoflyatnight.
B. CupidonlyvisitedatnightbecauseVenuswouldonlylethimseePsycheatnight.
C. CupidonlyvisitedatnightbecausenoonecouldknowthathewasvisitingPsyche.
D. CupidonlyvisitedatnightbecausehewasahideousmonsterandhedidnotwantPsychetoseehim.
Page _____
5. WhathappenedafterPsychediscoveredwhoherhusbandwasandhewokeup?
A. Psychegotscaredandranaway.
B. Cupidflewawayandthepalacevanishedintothinair.
C. VenusappearedandmadeCupiddisappear.
D. CupidandPsychewenttoJupitertogetmarried.
Page _____
Unit 4 55© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X5.4
Use Guide Words
Read the guide words in the box. Circle the words from the list below the box that would go on the same page as the guide words.
1. servant surgery
savor shortcut
silver slurp
tarnish sir
reserve swimmer
2. servant sword
sturdy scarf
sarcastic snarl
suffer stammer
squirm symbol
3. tarnish turkey
Thor tumbler
torch thorax
tailor twirl
temper typewriter
56 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Unit 4 57© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X6.1
Cupid and Psyche, Part II
1. WhodidPsycheasktohelpherfindCupid?
A. PsycheaskedJupitertohelpherfindCupid.
B. PsycheaskedVenustohelpherfindCupid.
C. PsycheaskedherfathertohelpherfindCupid.
D. PsycheaskedProserpinatohelpherfindCupid.
Page _____
2. WhohelpedPsychesortthegrainintodifferentpiles?
A. VenushelpedPsychesortthegrainintodifferentpiles.
B. AmysteriousmanhelpedPsychesortthegrainintodifferentpiles.
C. NoonehelpedPsychesortthegrainintodifferentpiles
D. AnarmyofantshelpedPsychesortthegrainintodifferentpiles.
Page _____
3. WholiftedthesleepingspellfromPsyche?
A. CupidliftedthesleepingspellfromPsyche.
B. VenusliftedthesleepingspellfromPsyche.
C. ProserpinaliftedthesleepingspellfromPsyche.
D. Jupiterliftedthesleepingspellfrompsyche.
Page _____
58 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
4. WhathappenedtoPsycheaftershedrankambrosia?
A. Psychefellsenselesstotheground.
B. Psychelosthermemoryandforgotwhoshewas.
C. PsychebecameanimmortalandmarriedCupid.
D. PsychebecameanimmortalandmarriedJupiter.
Page _____
Unit 4 59© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X6.2
Dear Family Member,
Pleasehelpyourchildsucceedinspellingbytakingafewminuteseacheveningtoreviewthewordstogether.Helpfulactivitiesforyourchildtodoinclude:spellingthewordsorally,writingsentencesusingthewords,orsimplycopyingthewords.
Spelling Words
Thisweek,wewillbereviewingtwospellingsforthesoundof/ee/.Yourchildlearnedhowtoreadandspellwordswiththesepatternsinfirstandsecondgrades,sothisshouldbeareview.OnFriday,yourchildwillbeassessedonthesewords.
StudentshavebeenassignedtwoChallengeWords,exceptandfollow.ChallengeWordsarewordsusedveryoften.TheseChallengeWordsdonotfollowingspellingpatternsandneedtobememorized.Thesetwowordswillbeontheassessment.
TheContentWordforthisweekisPsyche.Thiswordisdirectlyrelatedtothematerialthatwearereadingandalsofollowsthevowelpatternsyourchildisreviewing.TheContentWordisanoptionalspellingwordforyourchild.Ifyourchildwouldliketotryitbutgetsitincorrect,itwillnotcountagainsthimorheronthetest.Weencourageeveryonetostretchthemselvesabitandtrytospellthisword.
Take-HomeWorksheet
60 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Thespellingwords,includingtheChallengeWordsandtheContentWord,arelistedbelow:
1. Greeks
2. meter
3. Venus
4. asleep
5. secret
6. agreed
7. seed
8. succeeded
9. cedar
10. breed
11. create
12. jamboree
13. speech
14. degree
15. retail
16. screech
17. scenic
18. tedious
19. Challenge Word: except
20. Challenge Word: follow
Content Word: Psyche
Student Reader
ThechaptersyourchildwillreadincludethemythaboutCupidandPsycheandthelegendofDamocles.Then,theywilllearnabouttheearlyhistoryandgovernmentofRomeandthebattlesthatHannibalfoughtagainstRome.
Studentswillcontinuetotakehometextcopiesofthechaptersinthereader.Encouragingstudentstoreadatextdirectlyrelatedtothisdomain-basedunitwillprovidecontentandvocabularyreinforcement.Pleaseremindyourchildthatthecopyoftheglossarytheybroughthomelastweekcanbeusedtofindthemeaningoftheboldedwords.
Unit 4 61© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X6.3Take-HomeWorksheet
Cupid and Psyche, Part ITheRomans,liketheGreeks,hadmanymythstheylikedtotell.Someofthese
werestoriesaboutthegods.Somewerestoriesaboutheroes.Somewerelovestories.ThemythIamgoingtosharewithyouisalovestory.
Oncetherewasakingwhohadthreedaughters.Allthreewerelovely,buttheyoungest,whosenamewasPsyche[SIE-kee],wassobeautifulthatwordscouldnotdescribeher.ShewassobeautifulthatpeoplebegantosayshewasmorebeautifulthanthegoddessVenus.
VenusheardaboutPsyche.Shewasmadwithjealousy.Wasshe,agoddess,tobeforgottenonaccountofsomeyoung,prettygirl?Shesworethatwouldneverhappen!
Venuswenttoherson,Cupid.“Myson,”shesaid,“punishthatgirl!Shootherwithoneofyourarrows.Make
herfallinlovewiththeugliestmanonEarth.”Cupidsetofftodo his mother’s bidding.Hetookhisbowandarrowand
flewdowntoEarth.HetookaimatPsyche.Atthelastminute,though,hisfingerslipped.InsteadofshootingPsyche,heprickedhimself.SoCupidfellinlovewithPsyche.
CupidcameupwithaplanthatwouldlethimvisitPsycheinsecret.HesentamessagetoPsyche’sfamily.ItsaidthatthegodshadchosenahusbandforPsyche.Psychewasorderedtoclimbtothetopofamountain,whereshewouldmeetherhusband.Shewasalsotoldthatherhusbandwasnotaman,butaterriblemonster.
Psychewasbrave.Shebegantoclimbthemountain.Halfwayup,shefeltawarmwindsurroundher.Suddenly,shefoundherselfinamagnificentpalace,withfountainsandgardensallaround.
Atfirst,Psychewasalone.Whennightfell,shelaydownonabed.Duringthenight,Cupidvisitedher.Hetoldherhewasthehusbandthegodshadchosenforher.Cupidstayedallnight.HetreatedPsychetenderlybutheleftbeforethesunrose.
Nightafternight,CupidcametovisitPsyche.Hecameonlyatnightandhe
62 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
alwaysleftbeforethesunrose.Psycheknewhimonlyinthedarkness,butsheacceptedhimasherhusband.
Onenight,Psycheaskedherhusbandwhyhecameonlyatnight,whenshecouldnotseehim.
“Whydoyouwishtoseeme?”Cupidreplied.“WhatdoesitmatterwhatIlooklike?Iloveyou.Itreatyouwell.AllIaskisthatyouloveme.”
Psycheunderstoodherhusband’swords.Still,shewascurious.Whowasherhusband?Whatdidhelooklike?Whydidhehide?Washereallyaterriblemonster?Shefeltthatshehadtofindout.
Onenight,Psychewaiteduntilherhusbandfellasleep.Thenshegotupandlitalamp.Shecarriedthelamptothebedandlifteditup.Whatshesawwasnomonster,butthelovelyfaceofCupidhimself.Herhandtrembledwithdelightandadropofhotoilfellfromthelamp.TheoillandedonCupid’sshoulderandawokehim.
CupidlookedupatPsychewithsadeyes.“Iaskedonlyforyourtrust,”hesaid,“butthisactofyoursshowsthatyoudonottrustme.Whentrustisgone,lovemustdepart.”
Then,Cupidflewaway.ThepalacevanishedintothinairandPsychewasleftalone.
Unit 4 63© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X6.4Take-HomeWorksheet
Cupid and Psyche, Part IIWhenCupidleftPsyche,Psychewasverysad.ShetriedtofindCupid.She
wanderednightandday.Butshecouldnotfindherlostlove.Atlast,PsychewenttothetempleofVenus.Shebeggedthegoddesstohelpher
findCupid.Venuswasnoteagertohelp.ShewasstilljealousofPsycheandherbeauty.She
gavePsycheatask,confidentthegirlcouldnevercompleteit.SheledPsychetoahugepileofgrain.Inthepilewerewheat,millet,barley,andlentils,allmixedup.
“Sortthegrainsintostacksbymorning,”Venusordered.Then,withalaugh,shedisappeared.
Psychesawthatthereweremillionsofseeds.Sheknewtherewasnowayshecouldfinishthetask.Shesatdownandbegantocry.Then,somethingwonderfulhappened.Throughhertears,Psychenoticedaseedmoving,thenanother,andthenmanymore.Anarmyofantshadcometoaid her.Eachantwascarryingaseed.Together,theysortedseedsintoseparatepiles.
Inthemorning,Venuswassurprisedtofindtheworkdone.“Yournexttaskwillnotbesoeasy!”shesaid.“Takethisboxtotheunderworld
andaskthequeenofthatrealm,Proserpina[pro-SER-pee-nə],tosendmealittleofherbeauty.”
Psyche’sheartsank.Nohumanhadevervisitedtheunderworldandreturnedtotellthetale.Justthen,avoicespoketoher.
“Takeacoinfortheboatman,”thevoicesaid.“Ifyoupayhim,hewillcarryyouacrosstherivertotheunderworld.Takeacake,aswell.Ifyougivethecaketothethree-headeddogwhoguardstheunderworld,hewillletyoupass.Aboveall,onceProserpinahasplacedbeautyinthebox,donotopenit!”
Psycheobeyedthemysteriousvoice.ShetraveledsafelytotheunderworldandProserpinagavehertheboxofbeautyforVenus.
Psychecouldnothelpwonderingwhatwasinsidethebox.Sheliftedthelidandpeekedinside.Adeepsleepcameoverher.Shefellsenselesstotheground.
64 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Luckily,Cupidwaswatching.AlthoughhewasdisappointedinPsyche,hewasstillverymuchinlovewithher.Whenhesawherlyingontheground,hetookpityonher.HeliftedthesleepingspellandPsycheawoke.
“Seewhatcuriositygetsyou?”Cupidsaid.HesmiledatPsyche.Psychesmiledback.
PsychedeliveredtheboxtoVenus.CupidwenttoJupiterandbeggedtomarryPsychewithJupiter’sblessing.
Jupiteragreed.HeallowedPsychetodrinkambrosia,thedrinkofthegods.Psychebecameimmortal.SoCupidandPsycheweremarriedandlivedhappilyeverafter.
Unit 4 65© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X7.1
The Sword of Damocles
1. WhatRomanwritermadethelegendoftheswordofDamoclesfamous?
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Page _____
2. WhodoesDamoclesswitchplaceswith?
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Page _____
66 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
3. WhatdoesthekingwantDamoclestounderstandabouttheswordhangingoverhishead?
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Page _____
4. Whatdoyouthinkwouldbethehardestpartaboutbeingakingorqueen?
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Page _____
Unit 4 67© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X
Practicing the Verb to have
Write the correct word on the blank in each sentence.
1. CarlandDan (have, has)
awoodworkingshoptogether.
2. Carl (have, has)
theabilitytobuildbeautifulfurniture.
3. Theirshop (have, has)
manyroomsandshowcasesofwoodentables,chairs,andshelves.
4. MyfamilyandI (have, has)
takenmanytripstoseetheirshop.
5. (Have, Has)
youeverseenCarlandDan’sshopbefore?
Rewrite the five sentences above in past tense.
1. _________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________________________________________
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7.2
68 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
4. __________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
5. __________________________________________________________________________________
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Unit 4 69© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X7.3
Write a Response to “Cupid and Psyche, Part I”
Reading Excerpt from “Cupid and Psyche, Part I”From page 54 of “Cupid and Psyche, Part I”
Venuswenttoherson,Cupid.“Myson,”shesaid,“punishthatgirl!Shootherwithoneofyourarrows.Make
herfallinlovewiththeugliestmanonEarth.”Cupidsetofftodohismother’sbidding.Hetookhisbowandarrowand
flewdowntoEarth.HetookaimatPsyche.Atthelastminute,though,hisfingerslipped.InsteadofshootingPsyche,heprickedhimself.SoCupidfellinlovewithPsyche.
CupidcameupwithaplanthatwouldlethimvisitPsycheinsecret.HesentamessagetoPsyche’sfamily.ItsaidthatthegodshadchosenahusbandforPsyche.Psychewasorderedtoclimbtothetopofthemountain,whereshewouldmeetherhusband.Shewasalsotoldthatherhusbandwasnotamanbutaterriblemonster.
70 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Writing Prompt: ExplainwhyCupidhadtovisitPsycheinsecret.IncludeexactdetailstoshowwhyyouthinkhehadtovisitPsycheinsecretorwhyhedidn’tneedtovisitherinsecretbutdidsoanyway.
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Unit 4 71© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X7.4
The Sword of DamoclesHaveyoueverwishedyouwereaking?Doesthatseemlikethebestjobaperson
couldhave?Well,beforeyoudecideforsure,listentothislegendthatwasmadefamousbytheRomanwriterCicero[SIS-er-oe]morethantwothousandyearsago.
Damocles[DA-mə-kleez]wasafriendofDionysius[die-ə-NIS-ee-us],thekingofSyracuse,acityinsouthernItaly.Damoclesenviedhisfriend.Hebelievedthatthekinghadaverygoodlife.Hehadalltherichesandpowerhecouldwant.Whatcouldbebetter?
“YouthinkI’mlucky?”Dionysiussaidtohimoneday.“Ifyouthinkso,let’stradeplaces.Yousithere,onthethrone.Tryitforjustoneday.Then,tellmeifyoustillthinkI’mlucky.”
Damoclesacceptedhisfriend’sinvitation.Hewaseagertolivethelifeofaking.Whenthedaycame,Damoclesorderedservantstobringhimfinerobes.He
hadthemsetoutagreatbanquetoffood.Heorderedexpensivewineandfinemusic.Hesatback,surethathewasthehappiestmanintheworld.
Then,helookedup.Hecaughthisbreathinfear.Abovehisheadwasasword.Itwasdanglingfromtheceiling,heldbyasinglestrandofhorse’shair.Damoclescouldnotspeak.Hecouldnoteat.Hecouldnotenjoythemusic.Hecouldnotevenmove.
“Whatisthematter,myfriend?”askedDionysius.“HowcanIconductmylifewiththatswordhangingaboveme?”Damocles
asked.“Howindeed?”answeredDionysius.“Nowyouknowhowitfeelstobeking.
Thatswordhangsovermyheadeveryminuteofeveryday.Thereisalwaysthechancethethreadwillbreak.Anadvisormayturnonme.Anenemyspymayattackme.Imightmakeanunwisedecisionthatbringsmydownfall.Yousee,myfriend,withpowercomesdanger.”
Take-HomeWorksheet
72 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Unit 4 73© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
74 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Word Shelf
–ist meansa person who plays or makes
organist
novelist
cartoonist
violinist
8.1Name:
Unit 4 75© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X8.2
–ist: Suffix Meaning “a person who plays or makes”
organist—(noun) a person who plays a musical instrument similar to a piano but larger and with more keyboardsnovelist—(noun) a person who makes or writes fictional bookscartoonist—(noun) a person who makes drawings that are intended to be funnyviolinist—(noun) a person who plays a musical instrument with four strings that is held under the chin and played with a bow
Write the correct word to complete each sentence.
violinist guitarist artist novelist organist cartoonist
1. The_________________whodrewSnoopyandCharlieBrownwasnamedCharlesSchulz.
2. Mycousin’sbandhasaleadsinger,adrummer,abassist,anda_________________.
3. Carla’sfavorite_________________isworkingonanewbookwithcharactersshehaswrittenaboutbefore.
4. Themusicdepartmentatthesmallcollegeinmytownoffersmusiclessonsgivenbya_________________wholikesteachingchildrenhowtousethebowtomakemusic.
76 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
5. The_________________atthetheaterplayedsongsusingbothkeyboardsbeforetheshowstarted.
Writeyourownsentenceusingtheonewordleftinthebox.
6.
Unit 4 77© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
78 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Word Shelf
–ianmeansa person who is skilled in
pediatrician
magician
comedian
politician
8.3Name:
Unit 4 79© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X8.4
–ian: Suffix Meaning “a person who is skilled in”
pediatrician—(noun) a person who is skilled in the branch of medicine dealing with babies and childrenmagician—(noun) a person who is skilled in doing impossible things by saying special words or performing special actionscomedian—(noun) a person who is skilled in doing things that make people laughpolitician—(noun) a person skilled in activity involved with government
Write the correct word to complete each sentence.
magician musician pediatrician politician comedian mathematician
1. The_________________wonaprizeforhissolutiontothemathproblemthatothershadstruggledwithforalongtime.
2. Duringtheparty,a_________________didmagictricksinthebackyardtotheamazementofallthechildrenthere.
3. Onefamous_________________didafewshowsforpeoplewhohadlosttheirhomestofloodstogivethemsomethingfunnytothinkaboutforalittlewhile.
4. One_________________accusedanotheroflyingabouthisfundraisingrecordwhileheservedinoffice.
80 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
5. The_________________saidmybrotherhasstrepthroatandhehastostayhomefromschool.
Writeyourownsentenceusingtheonewordleftinthebox.
6.
Unit 4 81© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X8.5
Blank Busters
Greeks asleep breed screechVenus agreed jamboree scenicsecret succeeded speech tediousseed cedar degree
meter create retailChallenge Word:exceptChallenge Word:followContent Word:Psyche
Fill in the blanks in the sentences below with one of the spelling words from the chart. If needed, add a suffix to the end of a word in order for the sentence to make sense: –s, –es, –ies, –ed, or –ing.
1. The___________________,liketheRomans,hadmanymythstheylikedtotell.
2. Venuswasjealousof___________________andherbeauty.
3. MichaelandJoe___________________alotofnoiselastnightduringtheyearly___________________.
4. Didyouheartheowl___________________lastnightinthe___________________trees?
5. Alongtimeago,manyRomans___________________thatarepublicwasthebestkindofgovernmenttheircountrycouldhave.
6. Manypoliticiansaregiving___________________fortheirfavoritecandidates.
82 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
7. Jennawasalmost___________________whenhersisterwhisperedinhereartotellhertwo___________________.Jennaasked,“Ican’ttellanyone?”
8. Myuncleoftentakesthe___________________routessohecanstoptoenjoythebreath-takingviews.
9. Writingourspellingwords50timeswouldbea___________________job.
10. Several___________________werescatteredbythewindyesterday.
Write three sentences using spelling words of your choice that were not used in the first ten sentences. Make sure to use correct capitalization and punctuation. You can use the Challenge Words or the Content Word in your sentences.
1.
2.
3.
Unit 4 83© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X9.1
The Roman Republic
If a statement describes the Roman Republic, write republic on the line. If a statement describes a government with a king, write monarchy on the line.
1. Onemanheldalmostallofthepower.__________________Page _____
2. Romancitizenswereabletoselectorelectmenformostpositionsinthegovernment.___________________
Page _____
3. Menwereelectedtoserveforalimitedperiodoftime.____________________
Page _____
4. Afterrulingforthirtyorfortyyears,arulerwasusuallyreplacedbyhisoldestson.____________________
Page _____
5. Powertomakedecisionswasdividedamongseveralmen.____________________
Page _____
84 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Answer the following question on the blanks provided.
6. WhatwastheSenate’sjobintheRomanrepublic?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Page _____
Unit 4 85© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X9.2
Grammar Review
See the “What is it? What was it? Riddles” below. For the first riddle, change the present tense sentences to past tense. For the second riddle, change the past tense sentences to present tense.
Example:
What is it? Riddle (present tense) What was it? Riddle (past tense)
Itismadeofwood. Itwasmadeofwood.
Itislongandpointedatoneend. Itwaslongandpointedatoneend.
Ithascolorfulpaintonit. Ithadcolorfulpaintonit.Ierasemistakeswithit. Ierasedmistakeswithit.Itwritesgreatstories. Itwrotegreatstories.
What is it? and What was it? apencil
What is it? Riddle (present tense) What was it? Riddle (past tense)
Isitontheseatandpushoff. ____________________________
ItflieshighupandbackandIholdontightly. ____________________________
Ienjoybeingonit. ____________________________
MyhairswishesbackandforthwhenIride. ____________________________
Itisontheplayground. ____________________________
What is it? and What was it? ____________________________
86 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
What is it? Riddle (present tense) What was it? Riddle (past tense)
____________________________ Ithadlotsofpages.
____________________________ Theauthorwroteitwhenhewasyounger.
____________________________ Anillustratorpaintedthepicturesinit.
____________________________ Ithad45chapters!
____________________________ Ireaditmanytimes.
What is it? and What was it? ____________________________
Complete each sentence with the correct present tense form of the verb in parentheses.
1. Thefish_________________inthelakeswimmingaround.(be)
2. Themorning_________________finallybegun.(have)
3. Thesun_________________upoverthetreetops.(be)
4. Canoesandrafts_________________onthewateralready.(be)
5. Thechildren_________________theirfriendswiththem.(have)
6. Today_________________agreatdayatSmithPond!(be)
Unit 4 87© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X9.2 continued
Circle the correct form of the verb for each sentence.
1. InScienceclass,we(discuss,discusses)animalsandtheirhabitats.
2. Students(talk,talks)excitedlyasanimals(am,is,are)afavoritetopic.
3. Julie(suggest,suggests)wegoonafieldtriptothezoo.
4. Mrs.Jones,ourteacher,(say,says)shewilllookintogettingabustotakeustothezoo.
5. Thewholeclass(thank,thanks)Julieforherwonderfulsuggestion.
Write sentences using the following verbs:
1. fixed
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
2. teaches
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
88 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Unit 4 89© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: 9.3
Practice Using Suffixes –ist and –ian
Read each sentence. Decide which word from the box replaces the underlined meaning and write it on the line. Write the part of speech for the word as well.
mathematician magician violinists artist musician cartoonist
1. Mycousinisapersonwhomakesdrawingsthatareintendedtobefunnyforhiscollegenewspaperandhemakesreallyfunnyimages!
Word:___________________ PartofSpeech:_______________________
2. Therewasapersonwhoisskilledindoingimpossiblethingsbysayingspecialwordsorperformingspecialactionsattheneighborhoodcarnivalwhodidtrickswithcards,scarves,andevenabird.
Word:___________________ PartofSpeech:_______________________
3. Apersonwhoisskilledinthestudyofnumbers,amounts,shapes,andmeasurementsandtheirrelationtoeachotherfromthelocalcollegecametocamplastsummertoworkwithstudentsonhardproblems.
Word:___________________ PartofSpeech:_______________________
4. Duringtwoofthesongsattheorchestraconcert,thepeoplewhoplayamusicalinstrumentwithfourstringsthatisheldunderthechinandplayedwithabowsatstillanddidnotplaywhiletherestoftheorchestrakeptgoing.
Word:___________________ PartofSpeech:_______________________
90 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
5. Thepersonwhomakessomethingthatisskillfullycreatedforotherstoenjoyortoexpressideaswholivesnextdoorsometimesworksoutsideonherpatio,creatingpiecestodisplayingalleriesoratfestivals.
Word:___________________ PartofSpeech:_______________________
6. Aidenisaverytalentedpersonwhomakessoundsbyvoiceorinstrumentsandarrangestheminawaythatispleasingtohearwhocanplaymanydifferentinstruments.
Word:___________________ PartofSpeech:_______________________
Write your own sentence for each word provided using the definition. Underline the definition.
1. Word:comedian PartofSpeech:noun
2. Word:guitarist PartofSpeech:noun
Unit 4 91© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: 9.4
Word Sort
Read the words in the box and circle the vowels that have the /ee/ sound. Write the words under each header that match the header’s spelling pattern.
‘e’ > /ee/ ‘ee’ > /ee/
______________________ ______________________
______________________ ______________________
______________________ ______________________
______________________ ______________________
______________________ ______________________
______________________ ______________________
decal meager
metal been
leotard weekend
steel egret
penalize meter
reeling meeting
scent knock
fringe below
scene
92 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Unit 4 93© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X9.5
The Roman RepublicFormanyyears,Romewasgovernedbykings.Someofthesekings
weregoodmenwhoruledwell.SomewerebadmenwhotreatedtheRomanspoorly.
OneofthekingswassobadheconvincedtheRomansthattheyshouldgetridofkingsaltogether.HisnamewasTarquin.TheRomanscalledhimTarquintheProud.Tarquinwasatyrant.Hewasacruelrulerwhotreatedthepeoplebadly.Intheend,thepeoplegotsomadatTarquinthattheyjoinedtogetheranddrovehimout.
OnceKingTarquinhadbeendrivenout,theRomanssetupadifferentsortofgovernment.Theysetuparepublic—akindofgovernmentwithnokings.
OneofthemostimportantpartsoftheRomanrepublicwastheSenate.TheSenatewasagroupofoldermenwhomettomakedecisionsandpasslaws.Manyofthesenatorswerefromold,wealthyfamilies.AlmostallofthemhadfoughtinthearmyandearnedthetrustoftheirfellowRomans.
Eachyear,thepeoplewouldelecttwomentoserveasconsuls.Tobechosenasaconsulwasagreathonor.ItwasthemostpowerfulpositionintheRomanrepublic.
Romewasarepublic,butitwasnotademocracy.Somepeopleplayedaroleinthegovernment,butmanymoreplayednoroleatall.
IntheearlyyearsoftheRomanrepublic,onegroupheldmostofthe
Take-HomeWorksheet
94 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
power.Thesewerethepatricians.ThewordpatriciancomesfromtheLatinwordpater,orfather.Thepatriciansthoughtofthemselvesasthefathersofthepeople.Theyfeltthatitwastheirjobtotakecareofthepeopleinthesamewaythatparentstakecareoftheirchildren.Thepatricianswerefromwealthy,oldfamilies.AllofthemenintheSenatewerepatricians.Intheearlydaysoftherepublic,themenselectedtobeconsulswerealsopatricians.
Therestofthepeople—theoneswhowerenotpatricians—werecalledplebeians.Theplebeianswerethepoorerpeople.Intheearlyyearsoftherepublic,theyhadverylittlepower.
TheRomanrepubliclastedformorethanfivehundredyears.ManyRomanslovedtherepublic.Theythoughtitwasthebestkindofgovernmentacountrycouldhave.Theywere,however,nottheonlyoneswhothoughtso.
TheFounding Fathers of the United Statesalsobelievedarepublicwasthebestkindofgovernment.WhenthecoloniesdeclaredtheirindependencefromGreatBritainin1776,theybrokeawayfromaking(KingGeorgeIII)andsetuparepublic.TheycreatedaSenatethatwasmodeledontheRomanSenate.TheycreatedapresidentwhowasalotliketheRomanconsuls.TheyevenbuiltgovernmentbuildingsthatlookedlikeancientRomanbuildings.SoyoucanseethatRomanideasaboutgovernmenthavehadabiginfluenceallaroundtheworld.
Unit 4 95© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X10.1
Spelling Assessment
As your teacher calls out the words, write them under the correct header.
‘ee’ > /ee/ ‘e’ > /ee/
__________________ __________________
__________________ __________________
__________________ __________________
__________________ __________________
__________________ __________________
__________________ __________________
__________________ __________________
__________________ __________________
__________________ __________________
__________________ __________________
Challenge Word:__________________
Challenge Word:__________________
Content Word: __________________
96 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Dictated Sentences
1. __________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Unit 4 97© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X10.2
Hannibal Crosses the Alps
Choose the best answer. Be sure to read carefully.
1. WhydidtheRomansseetheCarthaginiansasrivals?
A. Theytraveledonhorseback.
B. TheyusedtheirnavyandarmytotakeovermuchofNorthAfrica,Spain,andislandsoffthecoastofItaly.
C. Carthagehadmanymerchantsandtraders.
D. TheCarthaginianswerestrangers.
Page _____
2. WhydidHannibalfightintheSecondPunicWar?
A. Hewasabraveleader.
B. Hehadtensofthousandsoffootsoldiers.
C. HepromisedhisfatherhewouldcarryonthefightagainstRome.
D. Helovedachallenge.
Page _____
98 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
3. WhydidHannibalhavetocrosstheAlps?
A. AlloftheCarthaginianboatshadsunk.
B. ItwaswinterandthelargeroadacrosstheAlpswastheonlysafewaytogettoRome.
C. HewasleadinghisarmyfromSpain,sohehadtocrosstheAlpswithhissoldiersandelephants.
D. Helost50,000meninanearlierbattle.
Page _____
4. HowdidtheRomansbeattheCarthaginiansafterlosingsomanymeninthebattlesatTrebbia,Trasimene,andCannae?
A. ManyCarthaginiansjoinedtheRomanarmy.
B. TheRomanscrossedtheAlpsandtookoverallofNorthAfrica.
C. TheRomanshadasquadofelephants.
D. Theyraisedanotherarmyandfoughtalotoflittlebattles.
Page _____
5. WhydidHannibalreturntoCarthage?
A. Hisarmywasdefeated.
B. Allofhiselephantshadbeenkilled.
C. TheleadersofCarthageaskedhimtocomebacktoprotectCarthagefromtheRomans’counter-attack.
D. TheCarthaginianschoseHannibaltobeKingofAfrica.
Page _____
Unit 4 99© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
100 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
correctSorry, lose a turn
correct Ride the waterfall!
incorrect
correct incorrect
Tree falls! Lose a
turn
incorrect correct
correct
incorrect correctTake a card from your opponent
correctSorry, lose a turn
START
FINISH!
correct
Unit 4 101© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X10.3
Match Me If You
Can
Match Me If You
Can
incorrect correct incorrectTake
another turn
correct
incorrect
Give a card to your
opponent
correct
incorrect
correct
correct incorrect correctTake
another turn
incorrect
102 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Unit 4 103© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X10.4
Correct or Incorrect?
You has four ripe bananas and two ripe
apples.
Correct or Incorrect?
We is saving the seeds from our apples to
plant next year.
Correct or Incorrect?
This watermelon has lots of black seeds.
Correct or Incorrect?
Apples, oranges, and grapes am my favorite
fruits.
Correct or Incorrect?
My grandma have lots of plants in her
garden.
Correct or Incorrect?
Do you has a garden at your house?
Correct or Incorrect?
We had lots of wind and rain that smashed
our plants.
Correct or Incorrect?The beautiful
sunshine are making this a lovely day!
Correct or Incorrect?
The seeds in my banana was hard to
find.
104 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Unit 4 105© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X10.4 continued
Correct or Incorrect?
Too much water is bad for plants.
Correct or Incorrect?
Too little water are bad for plants and
will kill them.
Correct or Incorrect?
I has vegetables growing in my garden
too.
Correct or Incorrect?
We had a great harvest last year.
Correct or Incorrect?
Growing gardens are a great way to learn
about nature.
Correct or Incorrect?
Carrots and potatoes are root crops.
Correct or Incorrect?
Melissa and I are master gardeners!
Correct or Incorrect?
The tomatoes were ripe and ready to eat.
YUM!
Correct or Incorrect?
This morning we had a gentle rain water
our plants.
106 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Unit 4 107© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X11.1
Julius Caesar: Great Fighter, Great Writer
1. JuliusCaesarwasa___________________.
A. king
B. president
C. general
D. pirate
Page _____
2. WhydidJuliusCaesardemandthatalargerransombepaidforhisrelease?
A. Hewasarichman.
B. Thepirateswouldn’treleasehimunlesshecouldpaymorethan20talents.
C. Hewasaproudmanandfeltinsultedbyaransomofonly20talents.
D. Thepirateswantedtobuyhispoetry.
Page _____
108 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
3. WhydidCaesarreturntokillthepirates?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Page _____
4. WhydidCaesar’sreporttoRomeonlyconsistofthreewords?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Page _____
5. WhatlanguagedidCaesarwritein?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Page _____
Unit 4 109© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: 11.2
Dear Family Member,
Pleasehelpyourchildsucceedinspellingbytakingafewminuteseacheveningtoreviewthewordstogether.Helpfulactivitiesforyourchildtodoinclude:spellingthewordsorally,writingsentencesusingthewords,orsimplycopyingthewords.
Spelling Words
Thisweek,wewillbereviewingfourspellingsforthesoundof/ee/.Yourchildlearnedhowtoreadandspellwordswiththesepatternsinsecondgrade,sothisshouldbeareview.OnFriday,yourchildwillbeassessedonthesewords.
StudentshavebeenassignedtwoChallengeWords,againandoften.ChallengeWordsarewordsusedveryoften.TheseChallengeWordsdonotfollowingspellingpatternsandneedtobememorized.
TheContentWordforthisweekisCaesar.Thiswordisdirectlyrelatedtothematerialthatwearereadingandisararespellingwhichyourchildisreviewing.TheContentWordisanoptionalspellingwordforyourchild.Ifyourchildwouldliketotryitbutgetsitincorrect,itwillnotcountagainsthimorheronthetest.Weencourageeveryonetostretchthemselvesabitandtrytospellthisword.
Take-HomeWorksheet
110 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Thespellingwords,includingtheChallengeWordsandtheContentWord,arelistedbelow:
1. gladiator
2. grease
3. grief
4. Julius
5. chariot
6. barbarian
7. stadium
8. atrium
9. eager
10. teacher
11. shriek
12. zombie
13. leader
14. chief
15. each
16. increase
17. rookie
18. experience
19. Challenge Word: again
20. Challenge Word: often
Content Word: Psyche
Student Reader
Thisweek,studentswillbereadingaboutJuliusCaesar;hisabilitywiththepenandsword,hisrisetopower,andhisdeath.Next,theywillreadabouttheruler,Augustus,importantRomanbuildings,andthestoryofAndroclesandtheLion.
Studentswillcontinuetotakehometextcopiesofthechaptersinthereader.Encouragingstudentstoreadatextdirectlyrelatedtothisdomain-basedunitwillprovidecontentandvocabularyreinforcement.Studentswillalsohavetheirglossaryforuseinreadingthetextcopiestofamilymembers.Theboldedwordsonthetextcopiesarethewordsfoundintheglossary.
Unit 4 111© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X11.3
Hannibal Crosses the AlpsTheRomansfacedmanyenemies,butthestrongestandmostdetermined
enemytheyeverfacedwasanAfricangeneralnamedHannibal.
HannibalcamefromCarthage,acityonthecoastofAfrica.Carthagewashometomanymerchantsandtraders.Carthagealsohadanarmyandanavy.TheCarthaginianstookovermuchofNorthAfricaandSpain.TheyeventookoverislandsoffthecoastofItaly.
TheRomanssawCarthageasarival.TheyfoughtthreewarsagainstCarthage.ThesewarsareknownasthePunic Wars andarethoughttohavebeenfoughtduringtheyears264–146BC.
Hannibal’sfatherfoughtagainstRomeintheFirstPunic War,264–241BC.HemadehissonswearhewouldcarryonthefightagainstRome.Hannibalsworehewouldandkepthispromise.ItwasHannibalwholedthefightagainstRomeintheSecondPunic War,218–201BC.
HannibalgatheredanarmyinSpain.Hehadtensofthousandsoffootsoldiers.Hehadthousandsmorewhofoughtonhorseback.Bestofall,hehadhisspecialforces:asquadofelephants.Hannibalhadlearnedthatfewmenarebraveenoughtostandandfightwhentheyseeathunderingherdofelephantscomingtheirway.
HannibalwantedtoattackRome.However,toinvadeItaly,hewouldhavetomarchhisarmyoverarangeofmountainscalledtheAlps.TheAlpsweretall.Thepeakswerecoveredwithsnowandice.Therewerenobigroadsthatledacross.Therewereonlyafewslipperypaths.
Mostmenwouldnothavetriedtocrossthemountains,butHannibalwasnotlikemostmen.Hemarchedhisarmyoverthemountains.Hismensufferedterribly.Somediedfromrockslidesoravalanches.Othersfrozetodeath.Manyoftheelephantsdidnotmakeitacross.Intheend,though,HannibalgothisarmyacrossthemountainsandintoItaly.
InItaly,Hannibalwentontheattack.HebeattheRomansatTrebbia[TREB-bee-ə]in218BC.Then,hewipedoutanentireRomanarmyattheBattleof
Take-HomeWorksheet
112 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Trasimene[TRAZ-i-meen]in217BC.TheRomanslost15,000men.TheBattleofCannae[CAN-ie]wasevenworse.TheRomanslostatleast50,000men,including80oftheir300senators.
PeoplethoughtthatmightbethebeginningoftheendforRome.TheydidnotseehowtheRomanscouldgoon.ButtheRomansdidgoon.TheyraisedanotherarmyandsentitouttostopHannibal.Thistime,theRomansavoidedbigbattles.Instead,theyfoughtalotoflittlebattles.TheyattackedHannibal’sarmyhereandthere.Theyblockedhistroopsandsloweddownhismarches.Theyalsolaunchedacounter-attack.ARomangeneralnamedScipio[SKIP-ee-oe]tookRomantroopstoAfrica.TheleadersofCarthagewrotetoHannibal.TheytoldhimtocomehomeandprotectCarthage.
Hannibaldidashewastold.HeleftItalyandreturnedtoCarthage.AttheBattleofZama,heconfrontedScipio.Thistime,theRomanswerevictorious.HannibalwonmostofthebattlesintheSecondPunic Warbuthelostthewar.
AftertheBattleofZamain202BC,Carthagewasneverquitethesame.TheyfoughtanotherwaragainstRome—theThirdPunic Warintheyears149-146BC—butitwasclearthatCarthagewassinkingandRomewasontherise.
Unit 4 113© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X11.4
Julius Caesar: Great Fighter, Great WriterAfterthePunicWars,generalsstartedtoplayabigpartinRomanhistory.
RomangeneralswentallaroundtheMediterranean,fightingbattlesandconqueringnewlands.Someofthesegeneralsbecameheroes.Someofthemgottobesofamousandsopopularthattheythreatenedtotakeovertherepublic.That’swhathappenedwithJulius Caesar.
Julius CaesarcamefromanoldRomanfamily.Hewasproudandambitious,withahighopinionofhimself.
Whenhewasayoungman,Caesarwascapturedbypirates.Thepiratestoldhimtheywouldkillhimunlesshecouldpayaransomoftwentytalents.Caesarlaughedatthem.Hetoldthemtheyclearlydidn’tknowwhatsortofmantheyhadcaptured.HewasJulius Caesar.Hewasnotamantoberansomedforjusttwentytalents!Caesartoldthepirateshewouldnotallowhimselftoberansomedforlessthanfiftytalents!
Caesartoldhisfriendstoraisethemoney.Hestayedwiththepirates,writingpoems.Hereadsomeofhispoemstothepirates.Theyshrugged.Theydidn’tcaremuchforpoetry.Theywerepirates,notpoets.Theyjustwantedtocollecttheransommoney.Caesargotangryatthepirates.Hescoldedthemfornotlikinghispoems.Hetoldthemtheyhadnotaste.Hetoldthemtheywerebarbarians.Hetoldthemsomedayhewouldcomebackandpunishthemfortheirbadtaste.ThepiratesthoughtCaesarwasjoking.Maybetheythoughthewascrazy.Atanyrate,assoonastheygottheransommoney,theyquicklyforgotabouthim.ButCaesardidnotforgetaboutthem.HewentbacktoRome,gotsomeships,andhiredsomegoodfighters.Then,hetrackeddownthepiratesandkilledthem.
Caesarquicklyestablishedhimselfasamanwhoknewwhattodowithhisswordandalsowithhispen.Once,hewassenttoAsia.Thepeopletherewereinrevolt.CaesarledaRomanarmythereandputdowntherevolt.Then,hegotouthispentowritehisreport.Thenormalthingwouldhavebeentowritealongreport,fillingseveralpages,butthatwasnotCaesar’sstyle.
ThisisthereportCaesarsentbacktoRome:Veni, vidi, vici.[wae-NEE,wee-DEE,wee-KEE]
Take-HomeWorksheet
114 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
That’sthewholereport.Thosethreewords—writteninLatin,thelanguageofancientRome—mean,“Icame,Isaw,Iconquered.”Whatelsewastheretosay?Missionaccomplished!
CaesarledanarmyintothelandtheRomanscalledGaul.Today,wecallitFrance.GaulwasnotpartoftheRomancivilizationwhenCaesarmarchedin,butitwaswhenhemarchedoutafewyearslater.Caesarconqueredit.Then,hewroteabookabouthowhedidit.Thefirstsentenceinhisbookisfamous.
ItiswritteninLatin.InEnglish,thewordsmean,“ThewholeofGaulisdividedintothreeparts.”
IfyoueverstudyLatin,youmayhaveachancetoreadCaesar’sbookontheGallicWars.It’ssoclearandsowell-writtenthatteachersallaroundtheworldstilluseittoteachLatintostudents.
Unit 4 115© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X12.1
Julius Caesar: Crossing the Rubicon
Take notes as you read the chapter.
1. WriteabouthowtheRomanSenatorsfeltaboutCaesarandwhy.
Howtheyfelt___________________________________________________________________
Whytheyfeltthisway__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. WriteaboutwhattheRomansenatorstoldCaesartodo.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. WriteaboutwhyCaesarignoredtheadviceofthesenators.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
116 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
4. WriteaboutwhyCaesarappointedhimselfadictatorandwhythatwasunusual.
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5. WriteaboutwhytheRomansattackedandkilledCaesar.
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Unit 4 117© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X12.2
Irregular Verbs (say, make, go, take, and come)
Fill in the correct forms of the verbs in the blanks in the following story.
Haste Makes WasteItdoesapersongoodtolearnfrompastmistakes.Yesterday,asI
wasgettingreadyforschool,Mother________________(say)tome,“Remembertogetyourhomeworkfromthekitchentableandputitinyourbackpack.”Ialwaystryto________________(say),“Yes,Mother,”whenshespeakstomebutIforgot.So,afterI________________(make)mypeanutbutterandjellysandwichto________________(take)toschool,Igotreadyto________________(go)waitforthebus.Myfriend,Pat,________________(come)bytopickmeupsowecouldwalktogethertothebus.Inmyhaste,guesswhat?Iforgotto________________(take)myhomeworktoschool!
Todayisanewday!Myhomeworkis,onceagain,onthekitchentable.Mothercallsoutmynameand________________(say)tome,“Rememberthathomeworktoday!”Ianswerherandimmediately________________(take)myhomeworksheetandputitinmybackpack.Whileinthekitchen,I________________(make)mylunchsoIcan________________(take)ittoschool.IhearthedoorbellanditisPat.Asalways,she________________(come)topickmeupsowecanwalktothebusstoptogether.Offwe_______________(go)!It’sgoingtobeamuchbetterday!
118 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Create sentences.
1. subject:Brianverb:make,presenttense
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2. subject: Weverb: say,futuretense
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3. subject:Theblackandwhiteskunkverb: come,pasttense
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Unit 4 119© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X12.3
Arguments for Debate
1. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
8. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
120 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Unit 4 121© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
122 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: 13.1
Word Shelf
–y meansfull of
leaky
dirty
rusty
salty
Unit 4 123© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X
–y: Suffix Meaning “full of”
leaky—(noun) full of holes that let something in or allow something to escape
dirty—(noun) full of soil
rusty—(noun) full of a reddish brown substance that forms on certain metals when they are exposed to moisturesalty—(noun) full of a natural white substance used to flavor and preserve food
Write the correct word to complete each sentence.
rusty lucky leaky salty dirty messy
1. Therewere_________________nailsstickingoutoftheboardsthatGrandpatookoutoftheoldbarnandhetoldusnottotouchthem.
2. Ourdogwasso_________________fromdiggingholesinthemuddyyardthatMomsaidwehadtogivehimabathoutside.
3. Somepeopleliketheirpopcorntohavea_________________tastewhileotherspreferamorebutterytaste.
4. The_________________faucetinthekitchendrippedallnightandneededtobefixedrightaway.
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124 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
5. IfoundapennyonthegroundthatwasfacingheadsupsoIcalleditmy_________________pennyandcarrieditwithmeallweek.
Writeyourownsentenceusingtheonewordleftinthebox.
6.
Unit 4 125© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
126 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: 13.3
Word Shelf
–almeansrelated to
coastal
traditional
nutritional
magical
Unit 4 127© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X13.4
–al: Suffix Meaning “related to”
coastal—(adjective) related to the land near the sea or ocean
traditional—(adjective) related to a custom or belief handed down from one generation to the nextnutritional—(adjective) related to the process of eating the right kind of food so you can be healthy and grow properlymagical—(adjective) related to a power that allows people to do impossible things by saying special words or performing special actions
Write the correct word to complete each sentence.
traditional musical cultural fictional coastal nutritional
1. Fruitandvegetablesare_________________snacksthatIeatafterschoolinsteadofcandyandchips.
2. Eventhoughthecharactersare_________________,theauthorsayssomeoftheexperiencestheyhaveinthebookarebasedonrealevents.
3. Sometimesmovingfromonecountrytoanothercancause_________________changes.
128 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
4. Ilikevisitingsmall,_________________townswheretheoceanplaysanimportantroleinpeople’severydaylives.
5. The_________________waymygrandmotherhostsThanksgivingdinnerincludesaverystrictorderinwhichthefamilydoesthingsthatday.
Writeyourownsentenceusingtheonewordleftinthebox.
6.
Unit 4 129© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.XGrammar Review: Mixed Practice
Insert the correct present tense form of each verb in the following groups of sentences.
Circle the correct form of the verb for each sentence.
1. dry Thechef____________________thedishes.RobertandPeter____________________theircleancarwithatowel.We____________________ourhairafterswimming.
2. catch Thepolice____________________therobberintheact.Mymother____________________ourrunawaypuppy.I____________________acoldeverytimeIgooutwithoutacoat.
3. fix Ourteacher____________________thecomputerwhenitbreaks.You____________________theverybestluncheveryday!Therepairman____________________ourbrokenfridge.
Fill in the following chart:
Present Tense Past Tense Future Tense
Fredhelps. Fredhelped Fredwillhelp.
Mysisterjumped.
Alicetries.
Thepainterwillcreate.
MybrotherandIate.
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130 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Themuseumwillopenontime.
Thebirdchirps.
Theradioplayed.
Thewindblows.
Thesunwillshine.
Complete each sentence with the correct form of the verb in parentheses. Then, write the word present, past, or future on the blank that follows the sentence.
1. LastSunday,mydad____________________thegrass.(mow)____________________
2. WhenIgrowup,I____________________afamoussculptor.(become)____________________
3. Thetelephone____________________everytimeItrytotakeanap.(ring)____________________
4. Theothergroup____________________everyanswertothegameweplayedyesterday.(know)____________________
5. Nextweek,I____________________toanewhouse.(move)____________________
Unit 4 131© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X13.6
Blank Busters
gladiator shriek experience teachergrief leader grease zombie
chariot each Julius chiefstadium increase barbarian
eager rookie atriumChallenge Word:againChallenge Word:oftenContent Word:Caesar
Fill in the blanks in the sentences below with one of the spelling words from the chart. If needed, add a suffix to the end of a word in order for the sentence to make sense: –s, –es, –ies, –ed, or –ing.
1. ____________________Caesarwasagreatfighterandwarrior.
2. Makesuretofillin____________________blankinordertogetcredit.
3. The____________________raceswereheldinaverylarge____________________.
4. Theexcitedchildrenwere____________________fortheir____________________tomakethemicecreamcones.
5. The____________________didnotlikeCaesar’spoems.
6. Eventhemen____________________whenthealligatorschasedus.
132 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
7. Theplantsandflowersinthe____________________arealldifferentcolors.
8. Doingallofyourwork____________________yourchanceofdoingwellonthetest.
9. Hayleydressedupasa____________________forHalloweenandscaredeveryone.
10. Sawyersaid,“Good____________________”whenItoldhimIcouldnotgotothechampionshipgamewithhim.
Write three sentences using spelling words of your choice that were not used above. Make sure to use correct capitalization and punctuation. You can use the Challenge Words or the Content Word in your sentences.
1.
2.
3.
Unit 4 133© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X
Julius Caesar: Crossing the RubiconAfterheconqueredGaul,CaesarstartedmarchingbacktoRome.Bythistime,
theRomansenatorswereverynervousaboutCaesar.TheythoughthemightmarchintoRomeandtakeover.ThesenatorssentCaesaramessage.Theytoldhimtostopandsendhissoldiershome.TheyorderedhimnottocrosstheRubiconRiver.Ifhedid,theysaidhewouldnotbetreatedasahero.Instead,hewouldbetreatedasatraitorandaninvader.
Intheyear49BC,CaesarcrossedtheRubicon.HeissaidtohaveremarkedinLatin,“Thedieiscast.”Thatwashiswayofsayingheknewhewastakingabigrisk.CrossingtheRubiconmeanttherewasnoturningback.
Caesar’sactionsledtoacivil war—awarinwhichRomansfoughtagainstRomans.Caesarwastheleaderononeside.Pompey[POM-pee],anotherfamousRomangeneral,wastheleaderontheotherside.CaesardefeatedPompeyandchasedhimtoEgypt,wherePompeywaskilled.
WhenCaesargottoEgypt,hefoundanothercountrytangledupinacivil war.TheprincessCleopatrawastryingtotakepowerfromherbrother.CaesarsidedwithCleopatra.HehelpedherbecomeQueenofEgypt.
Caesarhadbigplans.Hedidn’tthinkRomewasrunthewayitshouldbe.Hewantedtochangealotofthings.HehadtheSenatepassnewlaws.Hereplacedtheoldcalendarwiththeonewestillusetoday.(DidyouknowthatthemonthofJulyisnamedforJuliusCaesar?)
Caesarwantedtodomore,buthefeltheneededmorepower.Hegothimselfappointeddictator.Atfirst,hewasappointeddictatorforonlyoneyear.Thatwasnotsounusual.TheRomanshadchosendictatorsinthepast.Adictatorcouldbeputinpowerduringtimesoftrouble.Butthedictatorwasonlysupposedtoruleforalittlewhile,untilthetroublespassed.ThatwasnotwhatCaesarhadinmind.Hehadhimselfappointeddictatorfortenyears.Thatupsetalotofpeople.Howdoyouthinkthosepeoplefeltalittlelater,whenCaesarhadhimselfappointeddictatorforlife?Thatwasreallytoomuchforsomepeople.Forhundredsofyears,Romehadbeenarepublic.Now,Caesarwassettinghimselfupasadictator.
13.7Take-HomeWorksheet
134 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Perhaps,heevenwantedtobeaking.Thatwasevenmoreupsetting.TheRomanshaddrivenoutthekingshundredsofyearsearlier.
AgroupofRomansagreedthatCaesarwasathreattotherepublic.TheystabbedhimtodeathintheSenate.
SomeofthemenwhostabbedJuliusCaesarweremenheconsideredfriends.Oneofthem,Brutus,wasamanCaesarhadtreatedalmostlikeason.HowcouldthesemenkillCaesar?BrutusexplainedthatitwasnotthathelovedCaesarless,butthathelovedRome—andtheRomanrepublic—more.BrutusandtheotherconspiratorskilledCaesartosaveRome.Atleast,thatwastheplan.
Unit 4 135© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X14.1
After Caesar: Augustus and the Roman Empire
Remember to use complete sentences when answering any questions.
1. WhathappenedafterCaesarwaskilled?
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2. WhowasAugustus?
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3. WhatgreatthingsdidAugustusdo?
A. HebroughtpeacetoRome.
B. Hebuiltaqueducts.
C. Hebuiltmagnificentnewbuildings,includingtemples,theaters,andbathhouses.
D. Alloftheabove.
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136 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
4. WhateventsdidtheRomansgotowatchintheColosseum?
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5. NametwomoreexamplesofRomanarchitectureandwhytheywereimportant.
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Unit 4 137© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X14.2
Irregular Verbs (see, bring, mean, speak, and draw)
Write the correct form of the verb in the blank. Then, rewrite the sentence using a different verb tense of the same verb. You will need to change other words in the sentence. Finally, circle whether each sentence is present tense, past tense, or future tense.
Example: Last Friday, we saw (see) the clowns perform at the circus.
past present future
Tomorrow, we will see the clowns perform at the circus. past present future
1. Oneweekfromtoday,I________________(bring)mycattoschool.
past present future
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____________________________________ past present future
2. Lastweek,I_______________(speak)toaclassofsecondgraders.
past present future
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____________________________________ past present future
3. Today,IlookatmymathworksheetandI________________(see)itiseasy.
past present future
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____________________________________ past present future
138 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
4. Maryalways________________(mean)whatshesays.
past present future
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____________________________________ past present future
5. You________________(draw)greatpicturesyesterdaytoillustrateyourstory.
past present future
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____________________________________ past present future
Unit 4 139© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X
Practice Using Suffixes –y and –al
Choose the best word to complete the sentence. Write it on the line.
1. Mynewlibrarybookisastoryabouta (nutritional, magical)
place
whereanimalsactlikehumans.
2. DadhelpedGrandpareplacethe (salty, rusty)
gatetothe
backyardsowecouldeasilyopenandcloseit.
3. Mysocceruniformis (dirty, leaky)
butImighthavetowearit
likethatifthereisnotimetowashitbeforethegame.
4. Herdeskisso (curly, messy)
shecan’tfindwhatshewasworking
onthismorning.
5. Wewenttoseethenewexhibiton (lucky, cultural)
celebrationsat
thehistorymuseum.
6. Thesalsaatthepicnicwastoo (salty, lucky)
formesoIatesome
otherdipswithmychipsinstead.
14.3
140 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Write a sentence using each word given.
1. fictional
2. leaky
Unit 4 141© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X14.4
Word Sort
Identify the headers. Read the words in the box and circle the vowels that have the /ee/ sound. Write the words under each header that matches the header’s spelling pattern.
‘i’ > /ee/ ‘ea’ > /ee/ ‘ie’ > /ee/
_______________________ _______________________ _______________________
_______________________ _______________________ _______________________
_______________________ _______________________ _______________________
_______________________ _______________________ _______________________
_______________________ _______________________ _______________________
_______________________ _______________________ _______________________
goalie repeat
appeal prairie
medium helium
breath mischiefrevealed beliefplebeians niece
giant breathehistorian gymnasiumachieve reason
142 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Unit 4 143© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X
After Caesar: Augustus and the Roman EmpireThemenwhokilledJuliusCaesarweretryingtosavetherepublic.Theydid
notsucceed.AfterCaesarwaskilled,anothercivilwarbrokeout.ThemanwhocameoutontopattheendofthewarwasamanknownasAugustusCaesar,orjustAugustus.
AugustuswasanadoptedsonofCaesarandheagreedwithCaesarthatRomeneededtochange.Buthewassmart.HeknewthattheRomanscaredabouttheirhistory.Theywouldnotbehappyifhecametopowerandchangedeverythingallatonce.Whathedidinsteadwasveryclever.Hemadehimselfemperorandhemadeitclearthatheintendedtoserveuntilhedied.ThatmeantRomewasnolongerarepublic.ButAugustusdidnotsweepawayalloftheoldtraditions.HelettheRomanskeeptheSenateandconsuls.Still,everybodyknewthatitwasAugustuswhowasreallyincharge.
Augustusbroughtpeacetoacountrythathadbeenfightingcivilwarsformanyyears.Hereformedthegovernmentandconquerednewlands.Hesetupmonuments.Hebuiltmagnificentnewbuildings,includingtemples,theaters,andbathhouses.Healsorepairedoldbuildingsanddecoratedthemwithfancystone,likemarble.Heonceboastedthathe“foundRomebrickandleftitmarble.”
OneofthemostfamousbuildingsbuiltduringthereignofAugustusisthePantheon.ThePantheonwasbuiltasatempletoalltheRomangods.(Pan– meansallandtheo– meansgods.)ThePantheonisabeautifulbuildingwithadomeroof.Whiletheoriginalbuildingwasdestroyedinafire,thePantheonstillstandingtodaywasbuilttoreplaceit.Thousandsoftouristsvisititeveryday.
ThePantheonisonlyoneofmanyexamplesofgreatRomanarchitecture.AnotheroneistheColosseum.TheColosseum,builtnotlongafterthereignofAugustus,isahuge,ovalstadium.TheRomanswenttotheColosseumtoseepeopleandanimalsfight.TheColosseumwouldholdfiftythousandpeople.TodaytheColosseumisinruins,butsomeofitislefttogiveusagoodideaofwhatitwouldhavelookedlike.
Take-HomeWorksheet
14.5
144 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
TheRomansalsoenjoyedwatchingchariotraces.Thesewereheldinanevenlargerstadium,calledtheCircus Maximus.FortheRomans,achariotraceorafightwasgoodentertainment,thewayafootballgameoramovieisforustoday.
TheRomansalsobuiltroadsandaqueducts.TheroadsbroughtpeoplefromallaroundtheEmpire.Theaqueductswereusedtobringwaterfromthecountryintothecity.Someoftheaqueductsarealsoverybeautiful.
Unit 4 145© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X
Spelling Assessment
As your teacher calls out the words, write them under the correct header.
‘ea’ > /ee/ ‘ie’ > /ee/ ‘i’ > /ee/
__________________ __________________ __________________
__________________ __________________ __________________
__________________ __________________ __________________
__________________ __________________ __________________
__________________ __________________ __________________
__________________ __________________ __________________
__________________ __________________ __________________
Challenge Word: __________________
Challenge Word: __________________
Content Word:__________________
15.1
146 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Dictated Sentences
1. __________________________________________________________________________________
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2. __________________________________________________________________________________
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Unit 4 147© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X
Androcles and the Lion
Part I: Take notes as you read, using the questions to guide you.
1. WhatisthenameofthehugestadiumthattheRomansbuiltforgladiatorfights?
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Page _____
2. Howmanypeoplecouldthehugestadiumhold?
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Page _____
Part II: If a statement is true, write “true” on the line. If a statement is false, write “false” on the line.
3. Androcleshidinacavebecausehewasarunawayslave.
__________________________
Page _____
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148 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
4. Androcleswasawakenedinthemiddleofthenightbyalionreturningtothecave.
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Page _____
5. Thelionwasinpainbecauseithadbeenshotinthefootwithanarrow.
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Page _____
6. WhenAndrocleswascapturedhehadtositinjailfortenweeks.
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Page _____
7. ThelionthatAndroclesmetintheColosseumwasthesamelionhehadbefriendedinthecave.
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Page _____
8. TheEmperorgaveasignthatmeantthatAndroclesandthelionmustfighteachother.
__________________________
Page _____
Unit 4 149© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X
Practice Irregular Verbs
Create sentences.
1. subject:thefamousartistverb:draw,pasttense
2. subject:freshlypickedtomatoes,peppers,andcornverb:make,futuretense
3. subject: myscienceteacherverb: speak,presenttense
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150 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
4. subject: anewfriendverb: come,pasttense
5. subject: weverb: see,presenttense
6. subject:thepostalcarrierverb: bring, pasttense
Unit 4 151© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X
Practice Dictionary Skills
Write the correct word on the blank in each sentence.
box office breed
box office 1.nounAplacewhereonecanbuyticketsforanevent,likeaconcertorathleticevent.2.nounAwaytodescribeifaneventdidordidnotdowell:Thatplaydidwellattheboxoffice.
break1.verbTocausesomethingtosnaporcomeapart.2.verb Tocausesomethingtostopworkingbydamagingit.3.nounAtimetorestfromwhatyouaredoing.
1. Whatarethetwoguidewordsonthepage?
2. Whatarethetwoentrywordsonthepage?
3. Howmanydefinitionsaretherefor box office?
4. Howmanydefinitionsarethereforbreakwhenitisusedasaverb?
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152 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
5. Whatarethetwopartsofspeechusedinthedefinitionsforbreak?
6. Wouldthewordbrickbeonthispage?
Circle the words that would be on this page.
boomerang bolt breakfast brain brine
Unit 4 153© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X16.1
Dear Family Member,
Pleasehelpyourchildsucceedinspellingbytakingafewminuteseacheveningtoreviewthewordstogether.Helpfulactivitiesforyourchildtodoinclude:spellingthewordsorally,writingsentencesusingthewords,orsimplycopyingthewords.
Spelling Words
Thisweek,wewillbereviewingthelastthreespellingsforthesoundof/ee/.Yourchildlearnedhowtoreadandspellwordswiththesepatternsinsecondgrade,sothisshouldbeareview.OnFriday,yourchildwillbeassessedonthesewords.
StudentshavebeenassignedthreeChallengeWords,been/binand together.ChallengeWordsarewordsusedveryoften.TheseChallengeWordsdonotfollowingspellingpatternsandneedtobememorized.
TheContentWordforthisweekisPompey.Thiswordisdirectlyrelatedtothematerialthatwearereadingandalsofollowsthevowelpatternsyourchildisreviewing.TheContentWordisanoptionalspellingwordforyourchild.Ifyourchildwouldliketotryitbutgetsitincorrect,itwillnotcountagainsthimorherontheassessment.Weencourageeveryonetostretchthemselvesabitandtrytospellthisword.
Take-HomeWorksheet
154 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Thespellingwords,includingtheChallengeWordsandtheContentWord,arelistedbelow:
1. chimney
2. Chinese
3. gently
4. crazy
5. money
6. extreme
7. busy
8. Pete
9. keyboard
10. alley
11. anytime
12. everybody
13. city
14. centipede
15. athlete
16. barley
17. enemy
18. Challenge Word: been
19. Challenge Word: bin
20. Challenge Word: together
Content Word: Pompey
Student Reader
Thisweek,studentswillreadareader’stheaterselectionaboutAndroclesandthelionandaselectionaboutChristianityandhowitbeganandgrew.AdditionalchaptersyourchildmayreadincludeinformationabouttheEmperorConstantine,theJustinianera,themarkettownofPompeiiandtheeruptionofMountVesuvius,andHoratiusandhowheledtheRomanstovictoryovertheEtruscans.
Studentswillcontinuetotakehometextcopiesofthechaptersinthereader.Encouragingstudentstoreadatextdirectlyrelatedtothisdomain-basedunitwillprovidecontentandvocabularyreinforcement.Studentswillalsohavetheirglossaryforuseinreadingthetextcopiestofamilymembers.Theboldedwordsonthetextcopiesarethewordsfoundintheglossary
Unit 4 155© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X16.2Take-HomeWorksheet
Androcles and the LionTheancientRomanslikedtowatchgladiatorfights.Theylikedtowatcha
gladiatorfightagainstothergladiatorsoragainstwildanimals.Asmentionedinthepreviouschapter,theRomansevenbuilttheColosseumforthesefights.TheColosseumwassobigitcouldholdfiftythousandpeople!
ThisisagladiatorstoryanditendsintheColosseum.Youmaybesurprisedbytheending!
OncetherewasaRomanslavenamedAndrocles[AN-droe-cleez].Androclesescapedfromhismasterandranaway.Onenighthehidinacave.Hecreptintothecooldarkness,laydown,andfellasleep.
Inthemiddleofthenight,Androcleswasawakenedbyaloudroaringnoise.Hegotupandsquintedinthedarkness.Whathesawscaredhimhalftodeath.Itwasalionreturningtohisden!
Androclesshrankback,fearfulforhislife.Then,hesawthatthelionwassuffering.Itwasroaringinpain.Thegreatbeast
limpedintothecaveandfloppeddown.Itlifteditsrightfrontpawandlickedit.Androclestookasteptowardthelion.Thebigcatspottedhim,buthedidnot
seemangry.Instead,hegaveAndroclesasadlook,asifaskingforhelp.Androclescrouchednexttothelion.Helookedandsawathornstuckinthelion’spaw.Heputouthishand.Theliondidnottrytobitehim.Hetouchedtheliononthepaw.Thelionsatstill.Then,verygently,Androclestookholdofthethornandpulleditout.
ThelionlookedAndroclesintheeyeandpurred.ThatwasthebeginningofawarmfriendshipbetweenAndroclesandthelion.Theylivedtogetherinthecave.Theysleptsidebyside,keepingeachotherwarm.
Then,onedayRomansoldiersdiscoveredAndrocles.ThelawofRomesaidthatrunawayslavesmustbepunished.So,AndrocleswascapturedandtakentothecityofRome.
156 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Fortendays,Androclessataloneinajailcell.Thejailorsfedhimnothingbutwaterandcrustsofstalebread.Then,oneofthemtoldhimhewastomeethisdeathintheColosseum.
Androclesknewwhatthatmeant.RunawayslaveswereoftenforcedtofightintheColosseum.Androclesknewhewouldbeforcedtofightagainstgladiators,orperhapsagainstvicious,hungrywildanimals.
Androcleswasledoutofhiscell.AshewalkedintotheColosseum,heknewthathewouldsoondie.Androcleswasbrave.Hesteppedintothearenaandpreparedhimselfforthefight,andfordeath.
ThecrowdcheeredasAndroclessteppedintothearena.Theycheeredevenmoreloudlywhenalionappearedontheothersideofthearena.
Then,somethingstrangetookplace.Thiswasnotjustanylion.ItwasthelionAndrocleshadbefriended.Thelionrecognizedhisfriend.Insteadofattacking,thebeastranuptoAndroclesandbeganlickinghisface.Androclesstrokedthelionandrubbedhisbelly.
Thecrowdwasamazed.Theyhadneverseenanythinglikethis.Theycheeredloudly.
“Freetheslave!”oneofthemeninthecrowdshouted.“Freethelion!”anothershouted.Soon,thewholecrowdwasyellingandshouting.Theemperorwastheonewhomadethedecision.Heheldouthishand,with
histhumbtotheside.Then,hetilteditsothathisthumbpointedup.Thumbsup!Thatwasthesign!ItmeantthatAndroclesandthelionhadpleasedtheemperor.Theywouldbesaved!
SoAndroclesandthelionweresetfree.Theylivedalonglifeandtheirfriendshipneverfaltered.
Unit 4 157© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X16.3Take-HomeWorksheet
Androcles and the Lion: Reader’s TheaterScene 1—In a cave in the forestNarrator 1
Thousandsofyearsago,therewasaslavenamedAndrocleswholivedinancientRome.Everyday,Androcleswassentbyhismasterouttothefieldswiththeotherslaves.Theretheyspenttheentiredayintheblisteringhotsun,tendingthemaster’scrops.Onlywhenduskfellattheveryendofthedaydidtheyreturntotheslavequarterswheretheylived.Eachnight,afteramealofstalebreadandwater,theyfellexhaustedonthehardfloorandwenttosleep.
Narrator 2Onedaywhenitwastimetoreturnfromthefields,Androclesdidnotfollowtheotherslaves.Astheotherswentbacktotheirquarters,Androcleshidattheedgeofthefield.Whenitwasdark,heranasfastashecould,farintotheforest.Whenhecouldrunnomore,hehappeneduponasmallcave.Hecreptinsideintothecooldarknessandfellasleep.
Lion (roaring several times, but then whimpering in pain)Rrrrrrroarrrr……Rrrrrrroarrrr…..Rrrrrrroarrrr…owowowowow….
Androcles (voice shaking)Who’sthere?Whereareyou?
Lion (roars two more times in pain)Helpme!Helpme—here!
158 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Androcles (voice still shaking)Whoa!HowcanIhelpyou?
Lion (limps towards Androcles and lifts his front paw)Justhelpme.Mypaw,mypaw—pleasehelpme.
Androcles (crouches carefully next to the lion, lifting its paw)Well,letmetakealook.Aha!Iseewhattheproblemis.Thereisaverylargethornstuckinyourpaw.HoldverystillandIwillpullitout.
(Androcles gently pulls the thorn out of the lion’s paw.)
LionOoooowww…ahhhhhhh—that’smuchbetter.Thankyou.
(Lion rubs up against Androcles and purrs.)
Narrator 1ThatwasthebeginningofawarmfriendshipbetweenAndroclesandthelion.Theylivedtogetherinthecave.Theysleptsidebyside,keepingeachotherwarm.
Narrator 2Thenoneday,agroupofRomansoldiersonpatrolstumbleduponthecavewheretheydiscoveredAndrocles.Romanlawsaidthatrunawayslavesmustbepunished.SothesoldiersdraggedAndroclesoutofthecaveandbacktothecityofRome.
Narrator 1Androcleswastakentojail.Hewasleftaloneinacellfortendayswithlittletoeatordrink.Onthetenthday,thejailercametotellhimthathe
Unit 4 159© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name:
wouldbetakentotheColosseumthatafternoon.Androclesknewthatcouldmeanonlyonething.Hewouldbeforcedtofighttodeathagainstgladiatorsorvicious,wildanimals.
Scene 2—The Colosseum(The emperor and crowd stand in a circle as if seated at the Colosseum. Androcles enters the center of the circle from one side.)
Crowd (chanting Androcles’ name as he enters the circle)Androcles!Androcles!Androcles!
Lion (shakes mane and roars loudly as he enters the circle from the other side)Rrrrrrroarrrr……Rrrrrrroarrrr…..Rrrrrrroarrrr
Crowd (turns and looks at the lion and cheers loudly)
EmperorLetthegamesbegin!
(Androcles and the lion approach each other with heads down, ready to fight. Then, both look up and stare into each other’s eyes.)
Lion (purrs loudly and rubs up against Androcles’ leg)Purrrrr…rrrrrr….rrrrr
Androcles (bends forward to hug the lion)Myfriend,myfriend—it’syou!
Crowd (cheers loudly)
Man in the crowdFreeAndrocles!FreeAndrocles!
16.3 continued
160 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Woman in the crowdFreethelion!Freethelion!
Crowd (all chanting)FreeAndrocles!Freethelion!FreeAndrocles!Freethelion!
Emperor (waves both arms to quiet the crowd; holds out his right hand with his thumb to the side and then tilts his thumb up)
Crowd (all chanting)They’resaved!They’rebothsaved!Hooray!
Narrator 1SoAndroclesandthelionwerebothsetfree.Theylivedalonglifeandtheirfriendshipneverfaltered.
Unit 4 161© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X17.1
The Rise of Christianity
After each statement, write true or false and the page number where the answer can be found.
1. PontiusPilatewastheRomanpresidentwhodidnotlikeJesus._______________
Page_____
2. Jesuswasputontrialandsentencedtodeath.________________Page_____
3. EveryonewhoheardthestoryofJesusbecameaChristian.________________
Page_____
4. PeterwastheRomancitizenwhotraveledallaroundspreadingthereligionofJesus.________________
Page_____
5. ChristiansworshippedthegodsJupiter,Juno,andMars._______________
Page_____
6. TheRomanemperorswantedtogetridoftheChristians.________________
Page_____
162 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
7. TheChristiansgaveupandstoppedpreachingaftersomehadbeenthrowninjail._________________
Page_____
8. Constantine’sfatherbecameaChristianandhelpedleadConstantinetothereligion.________________
Page_____
9. Whatisthemainideaofthechapter?
Unit 4 163© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X12.2Name: 17.2
Quotation Marks
Write exactly what each person said in a complete sentence on the blank beside each picture. Remember to use the correct punctuation and capitalization.
“Mysisterisagoodsport.”
Fredsaid,“Mysisterisagoodsport.”
“It’sarainydaytoday.” Cindyremarked______________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
“Doyoulikecupcakes?” ___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
____________________Mrs.Smithasked.
“Iamsoangry!” ___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
_______________________Bettyshouted.
164 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Rewrite the following sentences, adding the correct punctuation and capitalization.
1. tommyyelledi’msohappythatitissaturday!
2. thechildchasedherpuppyaroundthecornerandsaidpleasecomehere.
3. doyoulikepaintingordrawingbetterourartteacherasked.
4. youaremyverybestfriendremarkedsam.
Unit 4 165© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X17.2 continued
Circle the letter of the sentence that has the correct punctuation and capitalization.
1. IlearnedtospeakEnglishbylisteningtomyparentssaidmary
A. “IlearnedtospeakEnglishbylisteningtomyparents.”saidMary.
B. “IlearnedtospeakEnglishbylisteningtomyparentssaidMary.”
C. “IlearnedtospeakEnglishbylisteningtomyparentssaid,”Mary.
D. “IlearnedtospeakEnglishbylisteningtomyparents,”saidMary.
2. Mr.Brownaskeddoanyofyouspeakanotherlanguage
A. “Mr.Brownasked,doanyofyouspeakanotherlanguage.”
B. Mr.Brownasked,“doanyofyouspeakanotherlanguage?”
C. Mr.Brownasked,“Doanyofyouspeakanotherlanguage?”
D. “Mr.Brownasked,Doanyofyouspeakanotherlanguage?”
3. Howdoesthatwhistlemakeallofthosedifferentsoundssheasked
A. “howdoesthatwhistlemakeallofthosedifferentsounds,”sheasked.
B. “Howdoesthatwhistlemakeallofthosedifferentsounds?sheasked?
C. “howdoesthatwhistlemakeallofthosedifferentsounds?”sheasked?
D. “Howdoesthatwhistlemakeallofthosedifferentsounds?”sheasked.
166 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Unit 4 167© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: 17.3
The Rise of ChristianityDuringthereignofEmperorAugustus,somethingimportanthappened—butat
thetime,almostnobodynoticed.Longago,amannamedJesusofNazarethwasborn.JesuswasaJewwholater
becameanimportantteacher.Hewalkedamongcrowdsofpeopleteachingaboutimportanttruths.Peoplesaidthatheworkedmiracles.Theysaidhechangedwaterintowineandwalkedonthewater.Theysaidhecuredthesick,andevenbroughtdeadpeoplebacktolife.
Jesusattractedfollowers.ButhealsoattractedtheattentionoftheRomangovernor,PontiusPilate[Pon-CHUSPIE-let].PilatehadheardthatJesuscalledhimself“thekingoftheJews.”Hedidnotlikethesoundofthat.TheJewsofPalestineweresubjectsoftheRomanEmperor.Therewasnoroomforany“kingoftheJews.”
PilatehadJesusarrested.HeputJesusontrialandsentencedhimtodeath.EventhoughJesusdied,agroupofhisfollowersbelievedJesuswasadivine
being—thesonofGod.TheybelievedhehadbeensenttoEarthbyGod.Theybelievedthatafterhisdeath,hewastakenuptoheavenbyGod.
ThefollowersofJesuswerecalledChristians.TheybelievedJesuswassentbyGodtosavepeople.TheybegansharingthestoryofJesuswithanyonewhowouldlisten.Lotsofpeoplethoughttheywerecrazy.Butsomepeoplelistened.TheChristian religionbegantogrow.
OnemandidmorethananyoneelsetospreadtheChristian religion.HisnamewasPaulandhewasaRomancitizen.Hetraveledallaround,spreadingthereligionofJesus.EventuallyPaulwasputtodeath,likeJesus,butnotbeforehehadsetupChristianchurchesallaroundtheRomanEmpire.
Atfirst,theRomanemperorspaidnoattentiontothisnewreligion.Later,theystartedtopayattention,butonlybecausetheydidnotapproveoftheChristians.
Remember:theRomansworshippedmanygods.EveryoneintheRomanEmpirewasexpectedtoworshipgodslikeJupiter,Juno,andMars.TheRomansbelievedthatthesegodsprotectedthestate.Theybelievedpeopleshouldhonor
Take-HomeWorksheet
168 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
them.ThatwasaproblemfortheChristians.Theybelievedthattherewasonlyone
God.TheybelieveditwaswrongtoworshiptheRomangods.So,formanyyears,theRomanemperorstreatedChristiansasenemiesof
Rome.TheydidwhattheycouldtogetridoftheChristians.Theythrewsomeoftheminjail.Theyhadothersputtodeath.ButtheChristiansdidnotgiveuptheirfaith.Theykeptonbelievingandtheykeptonpreaching.
ThemanwhoendedthelongwarbetweenRomeandChristianitywastheEmperorConstantine.HebecameEmperoraboutthreehundredyearsafterthebirthofJesusofNazareth.BythattimetherewerealotofChristians.Infact,Constantine’sownmotherbecameaChristian.ConstantinebecameaChristianaswell.
WhenConstantinebecameChristian,everythingchanged.Forhundredsofyears,theRomanemperorshadpunishedtheChristians.NowwithConstantine,ChristianitybecametheofficialreligionoftheRomanEmpire.
Unit 4 169© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: 17.4
Quotation Marks
Rewrite the following sentences, adding the correct punctuation and capitalization.
1. billaskedwhyareyouwalkingsoslowly
2. youarethebestbaseballplayerI’veeverseenexclaimedricky
3. ourscienceteachersaidpleasetakeoutyourbooksandopentopage3
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170 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
4. myfavoritedessertisstrawberryshortcakewithwhippedcreammysistersaid
5. connieaskedwhichoneofyouwantstogofirst
6. remembertothankthemuseumownerourteachersaid
Unit 4 171© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: 18.1
Unit Assessment
Carthage Must Be Destroyed!AnobleoldRoman,eighty-fouryearsofage,hadjustfinishedastirringspeech
intheForum.Hisclosingwordswere,“Carthagemustbedestroyed!”Thosewordswererepeatedbyhishearers.Theywerecarriedintothestreet.
Theywerediscussedbyexcitedmenineverypartofthecity.“Whosaysthis?”askedonecitizen.“WhosaysthatCarthagemustbe
destroyed?”“Catothecensorsaysso,”wastheanswer.“HesaysthattwosuchcitiesasRome
andCarthagecannotlongexistunderthesamesun.Onemustsubmittotheother.IfRomedoesnotdestroyCarthage,thenCarthagewilldestroyRome.”
Catowasseriousaboutthematter.RomehadalreadyfoughttwolongwarsagainstCarthage.Asayoungman,Catohadfoughtinoneofthesewars.Inhisoldage,whenthetwocitieswereatpeace,hehadbeensentasanambassadortoCarthage.Hewasastonishedatwhathesawthere.HehadsupposedthatRomewastherichestandmostpowerfulcityintheworld.AfterseeingCarthage,hefearedthathewasmistaken.
172 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
HesawtheharborofCarthageswarmingwithshipsfromallpartsoftheworld.Thedockswerepiledwithgoodsfrommanycountries.Theshopswerefilledwithrichandraremerchandise.Themarketswerefullofbuyersandsellers.Thepublicbuildingswerebeautiful.ThecitywallsweretallerandstrongerthanthewallsofRome.
OnthevoyagebacktoRome,Catothoughtaboutthethingshehadseen.HefeltthatCarthagewasathreattoRome.HefeltthattherewasonlyonewaytosaveRome.Hemustmakehiscountrymenawareofthedanger.Carthagemustbedestroyed!
WhenhehadfinishedhisspeechintheForum,Catowrappedhistogaabouthimandwentoutintothestreet.Everyonewhosawhimknewbythebroad,colorfulborderonhiswhitetogathathewasoneofRome’sgreatmen.Theyknewthatthiswasamanwhohadheldsomeofthehighestofficesinthecity.
Inthestreet,Catometmanyofhisfriends,andnomatterwhathespokewiththemabout,hislastwordswhenpartingwere,“Carthagemustbedestroyed!”
CatohadbeenaRomancensor,andforatimehadbeenthemostpowerfulmaninRome.Hetriedhardtopreservethesimple,sturdyhabitsofhisforefathers.Therewasnothingthathehatedmorethanluxuryandself-indulgence.Whenhesawyoungmendressedinfashionableclothesidlinginthestreets,hisangerroseupwithinhim.“Carthagemustbedestroyed!”hecried,whilerebukingtheyoungmenfortheirfolly.Whenhesawofficersofthestatelivinginfinehousesandenjoyingtheirwealth,hesneeredatthemincontemptandcriedout,“Carthagemustbedestroyed!”
Afterhisspeech,Catodidnotstaylonginthecity.Hereturnedtohisfarm,wherehehadlivedallhislifeexceptwhenservingRome.Hisfirstgreetingtohisfamilywas,“Carthagemustbedestroyed!”
Cato’slifeonthefarmwassimple.Everythingwasjustasithadbeeninthedaysofhisfatherandgrandfather.Catoplowedhisfields.Hesowedhisgrain.Hehelpedthereapers.Hegatheredhishay.Hefedhisflocksandherds.“Todothesenecessarythings,”hesaid,“istobeaRomanoftheold-fashionedsort.”
Cato’swifeanddaughterswereRomansoftheold-fashionedsort,too.Theytookcareofthehome.Theygroundbarleyandbakedbread.Theygatheredmilkandpressedcheeses.Theycrushedgrapesandbottledwine.Theyspunandwove
Unit 4 173© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name:
clothingforthefamily.HadyouseenCatoonhisfarm,youwouldnothaveguessedthathewas
famous.Hedressedlikeasimplefarmer.Hewalkedouttoseehiscattleandcrops.Hegatheredgrapesinhisvineyard.Hepickedolivesfromhisolivetrees.Hemetwithhiscountryneighborsandtalkedaboutcropsandharvests.Buthealwaysclosedhisconversationsbycrying,“Carthagemustbedestroyed!”
Cato’slastdayswouldhavebeenpeacefulenough,ifithadnotbeenforthebitterhatredwhichheboretowardCarthage.WheneverhewenttoRome,itwastostiruphisfellowcitizens.Wheneverhemadeaspeech,whetheritwasaboutpoliticsorreligionorfarming,healwaysendedwitharingingcry,“Carthagemustbedestroyed!”Andwhen,atlength,wornoutbyoldage,helaydownforthelasttimeuponhishard,humblecot,hisfinalwordswere,“Carthagemustbedestroyed!”
18.1 continued
174 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
1. CatothecensorsaidwhataboutCarthageandRome?Why?
Whathesaid:___________________________________________________________________
2. Why?___________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. WhydidCatothinkhewaswrongthatRomewastherichestandmostpowerfulcityintheworld?
A. HesawthatCarthagehadbeendestroyedbywarandleftinruins.
B. HesawallthegreatthingshappeninginCarthagethatwerenothappeninginRome.
C. HesawthatalltheimportantmeninCarthageworetogaswithapurpleborder.
D. HesawthatCarthagewasfulloffarmersandhadnotdoneanygreatthings.
4. WhydidCatosayCarthagemustbedestroyed?
__________________________________________________________________________________
Unit 4 175© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name:
5. Whatdoesthewordidlingmeaninthefollowingsentencefromtheselection?
When he saw young men dressed in fashionable clothes idling in the streets, his anger rose up within him.
A. paradingaroundthecity
B. cleaningthestreetsinniceclothes
C. doingnothing
D. runningacrosstown
6. Whydidtheauthorwritethisselection?
A. toscarepeopleintothinkingthatRomewasanunsafeplace
B. toinformpeopleaboutwhatacensordidinRome
C. tolistwaysthatRomeandCarthagewerethesame
D. todescribehowonepersonviewedCarthageasathreattoRome
7. Putthefollowingeventsfromtheselectioninthecorrectorder,usingthenumbers1–5.
_____Cato’sfinalwordswere“Carthagemustbedestroyed!”
_____CatoreturnedtohisfarmafterservingRome.
_____CatowassentasanambassadortoCarthageanddiscoveredwhatthecitywasreallylike.
_____Catotoldeveryonehecameincontactwiththat“Carthagemustbedestroyed!”
_____CatogaveastirringspeechintheForum.
18.1 continued
176 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
8. WhywouldyounothaveguessedthatCatowasfamousifyousawhimonhisfarm?
A. Hedidallthethingsafarmerdid,whichmostfamousmendidnotdo.
B. Heheldsecretgovernmentmeetingsonhisfarm.
C. HeinvitedcitizensofRometohisfarm.
D. HeinvitedcitizensofCarthagetomeetwithcitizensofRome.4.
9. Fillinthefollowingchart:
Present Tense Past Tense Future Tense
Thekittenpurred.
Myauntsmiles.
Theboywillplay.
10. Whatword,withthesuffix–or,describessomeonewhoofficiallycontrolsandleads?
__________________________________________________________________________________
11. Whichsentenceusestheverbto be correctly?
A. Thethunderstormareruiningourpicnic.
B. Thefreshtomatoisyummyandjuicy.
C. MyfriendsandIwasinthethirdgrade.
D. UncleNedamaverytalentedsinger.
Unit 4 177© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name:
12. Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformoftheverbto have.
Myfather’scar redracingstripesdownthesides.IfI
wereacar,Iwould pinkracingstripes.Mysistersaysshe
would polkadotsinsteadofracingstripes.
13. IfCatoisapersonwhoisskilledinactivityinvolvinggovernment,whatishe?(Hint:thewordhasthesuffix–ian.)
______________________________________________________________
18.1 continued
178 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
The ParrotOncetherewasagrocerwhokeptapetparrot.Theparrotwasasmartbird.She
saweverythingthegrocerdidandunderstood.Onedaythegrocerwasfillingbagswithbrownsugar.Hetookoutabagofsand
andmixedsomesandinwiththesugar.Thisallowedhimtofilltwelvebagsinsteadoftheusualten.
Laterthatday,acustomercameintotheshop.Hetookabagofsugarandplaceditonthecounter.
Theparrotcalledout,“Sandinthesugar!Sandinthesugar!”“Shhh!”saidthegrocer.Buttheparrotcouldnotkeepquiet.Shecalledoutagain,“Sandinthesugar!
Sandinthesugar!”Thecustomerputthesugarbackandlefttheshopwithoutbuyinganything.“Youlousybird!”criedthegrocer.“I’llthankyoutokeepyourmouthshutin
thefuture!”Afewdayslater,thetrickygrocerwasfillingbagsofcocoapowder.Hemixedin
somebrickdust.Inthisway,hewasabletofilltwelvebagsinsteadoftheusualten.Aladycameintheshop.Shewasallsettobuyabagofcocoapowder.Then,the
parrotcalledout,“Brickdustinthecocoa!Brickdustinthecocoa!”Theladylookedatthegrocer.Shesawaguiltylookonhisface.Sheputthe
cocoapowderbackandlefttheshop.Thegrocerwasfurious.“Whatareyoudoing?Areyoutryingtoputmeoutof
business?Listenhere!Ifyouknowwhat’sgoodforyou,youwillkeepyourmouthshut!”
Afewdayslater,thegrocermadeabatchoffakebutter.Hegotabigjaroflard.Then,hemixedinsomeyellowspicetomakethelardlooklikebutter.
Acookcameintotheshopandgrabbedapoundofthefakebutter.“Lardinthebutter!”criedtheparrot.“Lardinthebutter!”Thecookputthebutterbackandlefttheshop.
Unit 4 179© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name:
Thatwastoomuchforthetrickygrocer.Hetooktheparrot’scageoutside.Then,hethrewopenthedoor.Whentheparrotflewout,thegrocerswattedherwithhisbroom.Thepoorparrotfelltothegroundandlaytherewithoutmoving.
Thegrocerthoughttheparrotwasdead.Hewentbackintohisshop.Afewminuteslatertheparrotwokeup.Shewasnotdeadafterall.Theparrotlookedaroundandsawadeadcatlyingnexttohim.“Perhapshe,too,waskilledfortellingthetruth,”saidtheparrot.“Clearlythisis
nocountryforanhonestparrot.Iwillleavethislandandseeksomecountrywheretruthishonored.”
Theparrotflappedherwingsandflewaway.Butwhethershefoundthelandshewasseeking,nobodycansay.Perhapssheisstillsearching,eventoday.
18.1 continued
180 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
14. Whatdideachbuyerdoeverytimetheparrotspoke?
_______________________________________________________________________________
15. Whichofthefollowingchoicesliststheitemsthatthegrocermadefake?
A. bricks,sand,lard
B. sugar,sand,cocoapowder
C. sugar,cocoapowder,butter
D. cocoapowder,lard,sand
16. Whydidtheparrotlieonthegroundwithoutmovingafterthegrocerswattedherwithhisbroom?
_________________________________________________________________
17. Whatdoesthewordswattedmeaninthefollowingsentencefromtheselection?
When the parrot flew out, the grocer swatted her with his broom.
A. grabbed
B. hit
C. pet
D. plucked
Unit 4 181© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name:
18. Wheredidtheparrotgoaftersheflewaway?
A. Nobodycansaybecausenobodyknows.
B. Shefoundanewshoptolivein.
C. Peoplehaveseenherflyingaround.
D. Shecamebacktothegrocer’sshop.
19. Whydidtheparrotwarnthecustomersabouttheitemstheywereabouttobuy?
_________________________________________________________________________________
20. Createasentenceusingthefollowingsubjectandformoftheverb:subject:Thegreenlizard
verb: take,pasttense
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
21. Whichofthefollowingwordswiththesuffix–aldescribesthegenreofthisselection?
A. fictional
B. coastal
C. nutritional
D. musical
18.1 continued
182 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
22. Usethepasttenseoftheverbbringinthefollowingsentence.Thepostalcarrier_______________ourmaillatebecauseitwassnowingsohard.
23. Whichofthefollowingwordsfromtheselectionwouldappearonapagewiththeguidewordslistedbelow?paper peach
A. pet
B. poor
C. perhaps
D. parrot
24. Whatistherootwordoftheword guitarist?
___________________________________________________________________________
Unit 4 183© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: 18.1 continued
25. Whichofthefollowingwordsmeans“fullofholesthatletsomethinginorallowsomethingtoescape?”
A. lucky
B. salty
C. dirty
D. leaky
26. Writethesentenceintheboxusingcorrectcapitalizationandpunctuation.
my teacher asked will you read your story aloud to the class
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
184 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Unit 4 185© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: 18.2
Fluency Assessment Cicero Goes to the Senate
Oneday,afatherandsonwerewalkingthroughaRomanmarketwhenanimportant-lookingmanhurriedby.
“Father,”saidtheboy,“Whoisthatman?”
“ThatisCicero,”saidthefather.“MarcusTulliusCicero.”
“Whoishe?”
“Heisasenatorandagreatorator.”
“IshegoingtotheSenate?”
“Indeedheis.”
“Why?”
“Tomakeaspeech,myboy.Youcanbesureitwillbefinespeech,forthereisnofineroratorinthecity!”
“Whatwillhesay?”
“IamtoldthatheintendstospeakagainsttheconsulMarkAntony.”
Theboylookedsurprised.
“IshenotafraidtospeakagainstAntony?IamsureIwouldbe!”
“Perhapsheshouldbeafraid.ButCiceroisnoteasilyfrightened.Irememberwhenhewasjustayounglawyer.HetookRosciusasaclient.Alloftheotherlawyershadrefusedtotakehimasaclient.TheyknewthatSullahatedhimandtheywereafraidofwhatSullamightdotothem.ButCicerowasnotafraid.Hetookthecase,broughtittotrial,andwon!”
1319
27
36
39
47
53
56
57
73
81
85
98
102
116128
142158173187
186 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
“Yes!Yes!”saidanoldmanstandingnexttothem.“Irememberitwell.DoyouremembertheyearwhenCicerowasconsul?”
“IndeedIdo,”saidthefather.“ThatwastheyearoftheCatilineconspiracy.Butmysonherewasnotbornatthetime.IfearhehasneverheardofCatiline.”
“Ihaveheardthename,”saidtheboy.“ButIdonotknowwhohewas.”
“Well,then,”saidtheman.“Ihadbettergiveyoualittlehistorylesson.AsIsaid,Cicerowasconsulthatyear.Heuncoveredaplottooverthrowtherepublic.Catilinewasthemastermindbehindit.CiceromadeaspeechintheSenate.Thosewhohearditsaiditwasoneofhisbest:veryelegant,butnonetoofriendly.Catilinewasthere,intheSenate,andCicerocalledhimatraitortohisface.Helaidoutthewholeplot.Catilinehadtoleavethecity.Afewweekslater,heandhismenweredefeated.”
Theboythoughtforamoment.“Youdon’tthinkthatCicerowillattackMarkAntonyintheSenateinthesamewayheattackedCatiline,doyou?”
“Hemay,”saidthefather.“Heisamanofgreatcourageandthesearewildtimes.Itisimpossibletotellwhatmayhappennext.”
201210223239242258272286298314327343355367381382
397
408
Unit 4 187© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name:
W.C.P.M. Calculation Worksheet
Student: Date:
Story: Cicero Goes to the Senate
Totalwords:408
Words Time
Words Read
Uncorrected Mistakes
Words Correct
Finish Time
Start Time
Elapsed Time
Minutes Seconds
× 60( ) + =
W.C.P.M.
÷ × 60=
Time in Seconds
Words Correct Time in Seconds W.C.P.M.
Compare the student’s W.C.P.M. score to national norms for Winter of Grade 3 (Hasbrouck and Tindal, 2006):
W.C.P.MNational Percentiles
for Winter, Grade 3146 90th 120 75th 92 50th 62 25th 36 10th
Comprehension Total / 5
Answers Correct Level5 Independent comprehension
level4 Instructional comprehension
level2-3 Frustration comprehension level0-1 Intensive remediation warranted
for this student
18.2 continued
188 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Unit 4 189© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X19.1
Practice Quotation Marks
Use the following words in the chart to write sentences that show who is speaking and what is said. Be sure to use quotation marks, correct capitalization, and punctuation. For three of the sentences, start with the speaker and end with the spoken words. For the other three sentences, begin with the spoken words and end with the speaker.
Speaker What the Speaker SaidJack let’sgoupthehill
Jill that’sagreatidea
Jack whatshallwefetchwhilewearethere
Jill howaboutapailofwater
Jack it’sasteephill
Jill weshouldbecareful
1.
2.
190 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
3.
4.
5.
6.
Unit 4 191© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name:
Spelling Assessment
As your teacher calls out the words, write them under the correct header.
‘e_e’ > /ee/ ‘y’ > /ee/ ‘ey’ > /ee/
__________________ __________________ __________________
__________________ __________________ __________________
__________________ __________________ __________________
__________________ __________________ __________________
__________________ __________________ __________________
__________________ __________________ __________________
__________________ __________________ __________________
__________________ __________________ __________________
__________________ __________________ __________________
Challenge Word:__________________
Challenge Word:__________________
Challenge Word:__________________
Content Word:__________________
20.1
192 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Dictated Sentences
1.
2.
3.
Unit 4 193© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: PP1
The Second Rome: From Constantine to Justinian
1. WhatdidConstantinedothatchangedhowChristiansweretreated?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Page _____
2. WhatwasConstantine’sfavoritecityandwhatwashisgoalforthiscity?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
Page _____
3. WhatwasJustinian’sCodeandwhywasitimportant?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
194 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Unit 4 195© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name:
The Second Rome: From Constantine to JustinianConstantinewasthefirstRomanEmperortosupportChristianity.Heissuedan
orderthatmadeitillegaltoputChristianstodeath,oreventhrowtheminjail.Constantinebuiltchurchesallovertheempire.HebuiltoneinBethlehem,
whereJesuswasborn.HebuiltanotherinJerusalem,whereJesusdied.HebuiltchurchesinRomeandintheancientcityofByzantium,inpresent-dayTurkey.ByzantiumwasConstantine’sfavoritecity.HeadopteditandrenameditConstantinople.Hisgoalwastoturnthecityintoa“newRome,”asortofRomeawayfromRome.
ConstantinedidnotwantConstantinopletoreplaceRome.HehopedthatConstantinoplewouldtakeitsplacebesideRomeandthatthetwocitieswouldsurvive,sidebyside,formanyyears.HewantedRomeandConstantinopletobeliketwomightypillarssupportingtheRomanEmpire.But,intheend,oneofthosepillarscollapsed.
OneoftheemperorswhocameafterConstantinedecidedhisjobwasjusttoobig.HefeltthattheRomanEmpirewastoolargetoberuledbyanyoneman.Sohesplittheempireintotwoparts.HedeclaredthatthewesternhalfoftheEmpirewouldberuledbyoneemperor,basedinRome;theeasternhalfwouldberuledbyasecondemperor,basedinConstantinople.
Notlongaftertheempirewasdivided,invadersfromtheNorthbeganattackingtheWestern Empire.Thingsgotworseandworse.TheinvadersevenattackedRomeitself.Finally,thewesternpartoftheRomanEmpirecollapsed.
TheEastern Empire,basedinConstantinople,hadbetterluck.Itlivedon,andforawhile,evengotstronger.
MosthistoriansagreethattheEastern EmpirewasatitsbestduringthereignofJustinian.JustiniancameintopowerintheyearAD527.Thatis,hebecameemperor527yearsafterthebirthofJesusandabouttwohundredyearsafterConstantinedecidedtosupportChristianity.
PP2Take-HomeWorksheet
196 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
LikeConstantinebeforehim,JustinianwasaChristian.Hespentlotsofmoneybuildingchurches.InConstantinople,hebuiltthechurchofHagia Sophia[ho-GEE-əSoe-FEE-yə],withitsmagnificent,soaringdome.
Justinianalsocompletedanimportantbookproject.HehadscholarsgatherupallofthelawsthathadbeenpassedintheRomanEmpireovertheyears.Whatthescholarsfoundwasabigmess.Thereweresomanylaws,nobodycouldpossiblykeeptrackofthemall.Therewereoldlawsthatnolongermadesense.Therewereevenlawsthatseemedtobetheoppositeofoneanother.Onelawmightsay“itisillegaltodoX.”Thenanotherlawmightsay“it’sperfectlyfinetodoX.”Justinianhadhisscholarsgatherupallthelaws,sortthemout,andorganizethem.Whentheyweredone,theypublishedthelaws.Thenew,organizedlawsfilledseveralbooks.TheneworganizedlawswereknownasJustinian’s Code.
Unit 4 197© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: PP3
Pompeii
1. WhichofthefollowingdescribesPompeiiin79AD?
A. Itwasaquietfarmingcommunity.
B. ItwasanislandnearRome.
C. Itwasabusymarkettown.
D. Itwasafictionalcityfromabook.
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2. WhenMountVesuviuserupted,whatwasfirsttofallfromtheskyontothepeopleofPompeii?
and Page_______
3. MountVesuviuseruptedfor__________________________.Page_______
4. Whydidn’tthepeopleofPompeiiescape?
A. Therewerenotboatsavailable.
B. Therocksandgascamedownonthecitytoofast.
C. Theythoughttheywouldbesafeiftheystayed.
D. Thevolcanoeruptedatnightwhenpeoplewereasleep.
198 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
5. WhathappenedtoPompeiiandthepeoplewholivedthere?
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6. HowwasthelostcityofPompeiifinallydiscovered?
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Unit 4 199© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: PP4
PompeiiAugust24thintheyearAD79beganlikeanyotherday.ThepeopleofPompeii
[pom-PAE]wokeupandwenttowork.Pompeiiwasabusymarkettown.Themarketwassoonfilledwithpeoplebuyingandsellingthings.
Inthedistance,thepeopleofPompeiicouldseethetopofMount Vesuvius.Everyoneknewthemountain.ItlookeddownonPompeiieveryday.Themountainwaslikeanoldfriend.Butthisfriendhadaterriblesecret.
ThepeopleofPompeiididnotknowthatMount Vesuviuswasactuallyavolcano.Itwasfullofmeltedrockandhotgas.InsideMount Vesuvius,thepressurehadbeenbuildingupforhundredsandhundredsofyears.
Aroundmidday,thegroundbegantotrembleandshake.Then,therewasatremendouscrackingnoise.Boom!FlamesandsmokeburstfromthetopofMount Vesuvius.Thepeoplelookedupandsawagreatplumeofblacksmokerisingintothesky.Then,thingsbegantofallfromthesky.Flakesofashandbitsofrockcalledpumiceshowereddown.ThepeopleofPompeiiputpillowsovertheirheadstokeepthelittlerocksfromhurtingthem.Manytriedtorunaway.
Ashandpumicefellforawhile.Then,agreatcloudofhotrockmixedupwithhotgasspilledoutofthemountainandcamesizzlingdownthemountainside.Therocksandgasthatcamedownthemountainwereheatedto400degrees,travelingat60milesanhour.ThepeopleofPompeiicouldnotoutrunit.Itsweptoverthemandwipedoutthecity.
Thevolcanoeruptedfor19hours.ThecityofPompeiiwasburied.Thebuildingswerecoveredwithash.Insomeplaces,theashwasmorethan80inchesdeep!
ThecityofPompeiidisappearedandmostpeopleforgotthatithadeverexisted.Formorethan1,500years,itlaybeneaththeash.Then,somemensetouttodigawell.Astheydugdown,theyhitastonewall.TheyhaddiscoveredthelostcityofPompeii.
Take-HomeWorksheet
200 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Today,muchofPompeiihasbeenexcavated,ordugup.YoucangotoPompeiiandseeaRomantownpreservedexactlyasitlookedthedayitwasdestroyedinAD79.
Youcanwalkdownanoldstonestreetandimaginewhatitlookedlike2,000yearsago.
Youcanpeekintohousesandcourtyards.YoucanevenseesomeofthepaintingsandmosaicsthepeopleofPompeiihad
ontheirwalls.TheeruptionofMount Vesuviuswasadisasterforthepeoplewholivedin
Pompeii.Butitwasamarvelousthingforhistorianswhostudythepast.ByvisitingPompeiiandstudyingthecity,historianshavelearnedagreatdealaboutlifeinancientRome.
Unit 4 201© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.XPP5
How Horatius Held the Bridge
The events listed below of how Horatius held the bridge are in the wrong order. Use the numbers 1-7 to put them in the right order.
___ ThebridgeovertheTiberRiverfell.
___ SextushelpedanEtruscankingraiseahugearmyandleadittoRome.
___ HoratiusandtheothertwoRomansdefeatedtheTuscan’sbestwarriors.
___ ThepeopleofRomegaveHoratiusafarmandsetupastatueofhim.
___ HoratiusvolunteeredtostandagainsttheTuscans,sothattheotherRomanscouldteardownthebridge.
___ HoratiusswamacrosstheTiberRiverbacktoRome.
___ ThemenofRomemetanddecidedtoteardownthebridgeovertheTiberRiver.
202 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
WhydoyouthinkthepeopleofRomethoughtofHoratiusasahero?
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Unit 4 203© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.XPP6Take-HomeWorksheet
How Horatius Held the BridgeIntheearlydaysoftheRomanRepublic,Romewasindanger.Thekingshad
beendrivenout,buttheywantedtoforcetheirwaybackin.KingTarquin’sson,Sextus,wentintoanareanorthofRome.HehelpedanEtruscankingraiseahugearmy.Then,thetwoofthemsetofftoattackRome.TheyledthearmyallthewaytotheTiberRiverrightoutsideofRome.
ThemenofRomehadameeting.Theydecidedtherewasonlyonewaytosavethecity:teardownthebridgeovertheTiberRiver.IftheEtruscanarmycrossedthebridge,Romewouldbelost.ButiftheRomanscouldtearthebridgedown,theEtruscanswouldnotbeabletocrosstheriverandenterthecity.
Theconsulspoketothepeople.“Whichofyou,”heasked,“willstandforthagainsttheEtruscanswhileweteardownthebridge?”
AmannamedHoratius[hə-RAE-shus]steppedforward.“Toeverymanuponthisearth,”Horatiussaid,
Death cometh soon or late.And how can man die betterThan facing fearful odds,For the ashes of his fathers,And the temples of his gods,And for the tender motherWho dandled him to rest,And for the wife who nursesHis baby at her breast.Hew down the bridge, Sir Consul,With all the speed ye may;I, with two more to help me,Will hold the foe in play.In yon strait path a thousandMay well be stopped by three.Now who will stand on either hand,And keep the bridge with me?
204 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
TwomoremencameforwardtojoinHoratius.WhiletheotherRomansbegantearingdownthebridge,thesethreemenwentforthtofacetheEtruscanarmy.
TheEtruscanslaughedwhentheysawthethreeRomansblockingtheway.Theythoughttheywoulddefeatthemeasily.Theysentthreeoftheirbestwarriorsintobattle.TheRomanstossedoneoftheEtruscansoffthebridgeandkilledtheothertwo.
TheEtruscanssentthreemoremenintobattle.Again,theRomansdefeatedthem.
Finally,theTuscanssenttheirbravestfighterintobattle.HisnamewasAstur.HeswunghisswordandwoundedHoratiusinthethigh.Horatiusfellbackononeknee,butonlyforamoment.Then,hechargedforward.HepouncedonAsturlikeawildcatanddrovehisswordrightthroughtheEtruscan’shelmet.Asturfelltothegroundwithacrash,likeatreestruckbyoneofJupiter’sthunderbolts!
Justthen,thebridgebegantototter.ThetwoRomanshelpingHoratiusranbackacrossit.Horatiustriedtocross,butthebridgefellbeforehecouldgetacross.HewasleftalonetofacetheentireEtruscanarmy!
Horatiusprayedtotherivergod,“Oh,Tiber!FatherTiber!ARoman’slifetakethouinchargethisday!”Then,hejumpedintotheriver.Hestruggledtostayafloatinhisarmor.Henearlydrowned.But,intheend,hemadeitacrosstheroaringriver,backtoRome,wherehewaswelcomedasahero.
ThepeopleofRomegaveHoratiusafarm.Theyalsosetupastatueofhim:. . . they made a molten image,And set it up on high,And there it stands unto this dayTo witness if I lie.It stands in the Comitium,Plain for all folk to see;Horatius in his harness,halting upon one knee:And underneath is written,In letters all of gold,How valiantly he kept the bridgeIn the brave days of old.
Unit 4 205© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.XPP7Past, Present, and Future Tenses
Draw a wiggly line under the verb in each sentence. Remember, future tense has the word will preceding the verb. Then, write the word present, past, or future on the line after the sentence to show the verb tense.
1. Welearnedabouttheclassificationofanimalsearlierthisyear._____________
2. Theprincesswillmarrytheprinceattheendofthefable._____________
3. Westudiedreadingaftergrammar._____________
4. Aftersupper,wewilleatthechocolatecake._____________
5. Beforeweknowit,wewillwearshortsoutsideagain!_____________
6. Iwishforapetfish._____________
7. Markplayedhisguitaralldayyesterday._____________
8. MyfriendsandIlovehamburgers._____________
9. Grandpawrotepoemswhenhewasalittleboy._____________
10. AlexanderGrahamBellinventedmanythingsinhislifetime._____________
206 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb listed.
11. Dora_______________theshampoooutofherhair.(rinse,pasttense)
12. RobinandRosie_______________hopscotchovertheweekend.(play,futuretense)
13. Mrs.White_______________usastorythisafternoon.(read,futuretense)
14. Thetalentedartists_______________theanimalstolooklife-like.(draw,pasttense)
15. Thatpen_______________toSally!(belong,presenttense)
Present tense Past tense Future tense
Sam jumps. Sam jumped. Sam will jump.
Theboysgiggled.
Iwant.
Weworried.
Thekittenwillscratch.
Thefireburns.
Thechildrenlaughed.
Motherwillbake.
Grandmawrites.
Unit 4 207© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.XPP8
Past, Present, and Future Tenses
Draw a wiggly line under the verbs in each sentence. Write the word present, past, or future over top of the verbs.
1. Sarahwenttotheparkyesterdayandwillgototowntomorrow.
2. Grandmawrotesongswhenshewasalittlegirlandstillwritesthemtoday.
3. Beforeweknowit,wewillskidownskislopesandwillmakesnowmen.
4. Afterlunch,wewilleatdessertandwillgotoamovie.
5. ThegirlslaughedandcriedastheylistenedtoMrs.Brownreadastorytothem.
6. ThatissucholdnewsthatIamtiredofit.
7. Theprincemarriedthebeautifulprincessandwillbecomekingofthelandnow.
8. Youmademeveryhappywhenyouwrotemethatnicenote.
9. Ellieridesherhorseeverydayandwillcontinueuntilshegrowsold.
10. Inschoolyesterday,wedrewpictures,wrotestories,andplayedbasketball.
208 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Unit 4 209© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.XPP9
Practice the Verb to be
Write a short story using your imagination and the forms of the verb to be (am, is, are). Add a title to your story.
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210 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Unit 4 211© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X
Practice the Verb to be
Write a short story using your imagination and the forms of the verb to be (am, is, are). Add a title to your story.
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PP10
212 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Unit 4 213© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.XPP11
Practice the Verb to have
Write the correct word on the blank in each sentence.
1. DaveandDon (have, has)
funplayingbasketballtogether.
2. Dave (have, has)
theabilitytoslamdunkthebasketball.
3. Watchingthemplay (have, has)
beenveryentertainingforme.
4. MysisterandI (have, has)
playedagainstthemandneverwon.
5. (Have, Has)
youeverseenDaveandDonplaybasketball?
Rewritethefivesentencesaboveinthepasttense.
1.
2.
214 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
3.
4.
5.
Review: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb.
1.be:
TodayI queenforaday.Mysister
alsoqueenforaday.Togetherwe twinqueens!
2.have:
Mygoldfish orangescales.IfIwereagoldfishIwould
pinkscales.Mybrothersayshewould greenscales.
Unit 4 215© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X
Practice the Verb to have
Write a short story using your imagination and the forms of the verb to have. Use each of the words have, has, and had 3 times in your story. Add a title.
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PP12
216 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Unit 4 217© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X
Grammar Review
See the “What is it? What was it? Riddles” below. In each case, change the verb tense of each sentence of the riddle to be either present tense or past tense, depending on which is missing.
Example:
What is it? Riddle (present tense) What was it? Riddle (past tense)Itisinmybedroom. Itwasinmybedroom
Ithasblanketsandpillowsonit. Ithadblanketsandpillowsonit.
Isleeponit. Isleptonit.
Imakeitinthemorningbeforeschool. Imadeitinthemorningbeforeschool.
Itiscomfortable. Itwascomfortable.What is it? and What was it? abed
What is it? Riddle (present tense) What was it? Riddle (past tense)
Ikickitwithmyfeet. ____________________________
Itfliesintothegoal. ____________________________
Itisblackandwhiteandround. ____________________________
Iamnotallowedtotouchitwithmyhands. ____________________________
IplaywithitonSaturdays. ____________________________
What is it? and What was it? ____________________________
PP13
218 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
What is it? Riddle (present tense) What was it? Riddle (past tense)
____________________________ Ithadfourtiresandasteeringwheel.
____________________________ Itwasredwithawhiteracingstripe.
____________________________ Myfamilyrodeiniteveryday.
____________________________ Ithadafrontseatandabackseat.
____________________________ Mymotherwasthedriver.
What is it? and What was it? ____________________________
Complete each sentence with the correct present tense form of the verb in parentheses. Write completed sentences on the blank.
1. Theturtle__________________inthelakefloatingaround.(be)
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2. Theday__________________finallybegun.(have)
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Unit 4 219© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.XPP13 continued
Circle the correct form of the verb for each sentence.
1. InMathclass,we(add,adds)three-digitnumbers.
2. Students(talk,talks)excitedlyasaddition(am,is,are)afavoritetopic.
3. John(want,wants)toaddfour-digitnumbers.
Write a sentence using the following verb:
1. mixed
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220 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Unit 4 221© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.XPP14
Past, Present, and Future Tenses
Create sentences.
1. subject:Kimverb: say,presenttense
2. subject:Theboysverb:make,futuretense
3. subject:Thescaly,graysnakeverb:take,pasttense
222 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
4. subject:Mark,Mary,andMillyverb:come,futuretense
5. subject:Youverb: go,pasttense
Unit 4 223© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.XPP15
Past, Present, and Future Tenses
Create sentences.
1. subjects:MaryandMarkverb: say and make,presenttense
2. subjects:teachersandstudentsverb:make andtake,futuretense
3. subjects:thegreenfrogandtheprincessverb:come andgo,pasttense
224 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
4. subject:Romanconsulsandsenatorsverb:sayandcome,presenttense
5. subject:neighborsandfriendsverb: go andtake,futuretense
Unit 4 225© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.XPP16
Irregular Verbs (see, bring, mean, speak, and draw)
Write the correct form of the verb in the blank. Then, rewrite the sentence using a different verb tense of the same verb. You will need to change other words in the sentence. Finally, circle whether each sentence is present tense, past tense, or future tense.
Example: Last Friday, we saw (see) the clowns perform at the circus.
past present future
Tomorrow, we will see the clowns perform at the circus. past present future
1. Oneweekfromtoday,I________________(speak)infrontoftheclass.
past present future
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____________________________________ past present future
2. Lastweek,I_______________(bring)cupcakestoschoolformybirthday.
past present future
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3. Today,IlookatmyspellingassessmentandI________________(mean)totryhard.
past present future
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226 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
4. Maryopenshereyesand________________(see)thesunshining.
past present future
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____________________________________ past present future
5. You________________(draw)picturestogowithyourstorytomorrow.
past present future
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____________________________________ past present future
Unit 4 227© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.XPP17
Past, Present, and Future Tenses
Create sentences.
1. subjects:Martyandherkittenverb: see and bring,presenttense
2. subjects:adultsandstudentsverb:mean andspeak,futuretense
3. subjects:theyellowdogandtheprinceverb:draw andspeak,pasttense
228 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
4. subject:authorsandreadersverb:bringandsee,pasttense
5. subject:writersandreadersverb: speak andsee,futuretense
Unit 4 229© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X
Quotation Marks
Write the sentence using correct punctuation.
1. Ilikepeanutbutterandjellysandwichesthehungryboysaid
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2. Circletheletterofthesentencethathasthecorrectpunctuationandcapitalization.
A. Theteacher,“Exclaimedwhitelightismadeupofallthecolorsoftherainbow!”
B. Theteacherexclaimed,“whitelightismadeupofallthecolorsoftherainbow!”
C. Theteacherexclaimed,“Whitelightismadeupofallthecolorsoftherainbow!”
D. Theteacherexclaimedwhitelightismadeupofallthecolorsoftherainbow!”
3. Circletheletterofthesentencethathasthecorrectpunctuationandcapitalization.
A. “Haveyoueverseenarainbowinthesky?”askedGrandma?
B. “Haveyoueverseenarainbowinthesky?”askedGrandma.
C. “Haveyoueverseenarainbowinthesky,”askedGrandma.
D. “Haveyoueverseenarainbowinthesky,”askedGrandma?
PP18
230 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Unit 4 231© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.XPP19
Write a Conversation
Write a conversation between two friends planning to go to the movies together. Use correct capitalization and punctuation.
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232 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Unit 4 233© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X
Word Clues for Suffixes –er and –or
Choose a word from the box to answer each question and write the word on the blank.
painter actor visitor singer sailor farmer
1. Igrowcropsforfood,likecornandwheat,andfarmtheland.WhoamI?_____________________________
2. IgotoacityIhaveneverbeentobeforeforacertainperiodoftimetoexplore,learn,andexperiencesomewheredifferentfromwhereIlive.WhoamI?_____________________________
3. Imakepicturesbyusingabrushtoputaliquid-likesubstanceonpaperorcanvastomakeapicturewithlotsofcolors.WhoamI?_____________________________
4. Imakemusicalsoundswithmyvoicetoentertainpeopleandmakemusicwithmyband.WhoamI?_____________________________
5. IpretendtobeacharacterandIgetinfrontofacameratoactlikethatcharactertomakemoviesandTVshows.WhoamI?_____________________________
PP20
234 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
6. ItravelonwaterbyboatandIliketowaitforwindydayssomyboatwillgofarther.WhoamI?_____________________________
Create your own word clue for the words below.
1. Word:player
Clue:___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________WhoamI?
2. Word:inspector
Clue:___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________WhoamI?
Unit 4 235© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X
Practice Using Suffixes –ist and –ian
Read each sentence. Decide which word from the box replaces the underlined words and write it on the line. Write the part of speech for the word as well.
organist politician pediatrician novelist mathematician guitarist
1. Thepersonwhoisskilledinthebranchofmedicinedealingwithbabiesandchildrenhadtoseeaverysickbabybeforehecameintotheroomtocheckonmyrash.Word:______________PartofSpeech:_______________________
2. Morethanonepersonwhoisskilledinthestudyofnumbers,amounts,shapes,andmeasurementsandtheirrelationtoeachotherhelpedwritethetextbookandactivitiesweuseinclass.Word:______________PartofSpeech:_______________________
3. OnSaturdaynightsatanoldtheaterdowntown,apersonwhoplaysamusicalinstrumentsimilartoapianobutlargerandwithmorekeyboardsplaysmusicontheinstrumentthatrisesupfrombelowthestagebeforetheshowbegins.Word:_____________PartofSpeech:_______________________
4. Apersonwhoisskilledinactivityinvolvedwithgovernmentwhohasbeeninstategovernmentforyearsannouncedthatheisretiringwhenhistermendsnextyear.Word:______________PartofSpeech:________________
PP21
236 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
5. Sometimes,apersonwhowritesormakesfictionalbookscreatesaseriesthatfollowscharactersandsometimesheorshejustwritesavarietyofstoriesaboutdifferentcharacters.Word:______________PartofSpeech:_______________________
6. Thepersonwhoplaysamusicalinstrumentthatusuallyhassixstringsandalongneckhadthreedifferentinstrumentsthathetookturnsplayingfordifferentsongsduringtheconcert.Word:______________PartofSpeech:_______________________
Write your own sentence for each word provided using the definition. Underline the definition.
1. Word:artist PartofSpeech:noun
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2. Word:musician PartofSpeech:noun
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Unit 4 237© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.XPP22
Practice Using Suffixes –y and –al
Choose the best word to complete the sentence. Write it on the line.
1. The (musical, coastal)
townsinthisareaareknownforfishing,
especiallycrabs,whichareverypopularatrestaurantsthistimeofyear.
2. Whenitrains,mysister’shairisvery (curly, leaky)
3. Ifeel (dirty, lucky)
thatIdidnotgethurtverybadlywhenIfelloffmy
bikeatthepark.
4. DuringouttriptoNewMexico,wesawsome (traditional, coastal)
NativeAmericanceremoniesanddances.
5. Mybrotherhasmore (magical, musical)
talentthanIdobecausehecan
playthreeinstrumentsbutIcanonlyplayone.
6. The (leaky, dirty)
faucetonthesinkinourclassroomdrippedall
afternoonandwasverydistracting.
238 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Write a sentence using each word given.
1. dirty
2. nutritional
Unit 4 239© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.X
Word Sort
Identify the headers. Read the words in the box and circle the vowels that have the /ee/ sound. Write the words under each header that match the header’s spelling pattern.
‘e’ > /ee/ ‘ee’ > /ee/
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_____________________ _____________________
_____________________ _____________________
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heel merit
heal keep
defend geometry
elevator sneer
recess read
speedbump reed
greedy reality
vegan
PP23
240 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Unit 4 241© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.XPP24
Word Sort
Identify the headers. Read the words in the box and circle the vowels that have the /ee/ sound. Write the words under each header that matches the header’s spelling pattern.
‘y’ > /ee/ ‘ey’ > /ee/ ‘e_e’ > /ee/
____________ ____________ ____________
____________ ____________ ____________
____________ ____________ ____________
____________ ____________ ____________
____________ ____________ ____________
____________ ____________ ____________
stampede crusty
myth supreme
monkey jockey
icy deny
reality royalty
kidney honey
Crete trapeze
242 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Unit 4 243© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Name: X.XPP25
Use Guide Words to Alphabetize
First, underline the guide words. Next, read the possible entry words. Then, circle the entry words that would go on the same page as the guide words. Finally, write the guide words and entry words in alphabetical order. If needed, a table for alphabetizing is provided for each item.
1.
GuideWordsretag roster Alphabetize
PossibleEntryWords: retire ____________________
riptide ____________________
retail ____________________
rotator ____________________
____________________
____________________
244 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
2.
GuideWords: seam sustain Alphabetize
PossibleEntryWords: serious ____________________
succeeded ____________________
screech ____________________
scene ____________________
____________________
____________________
Unit 4 245© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Glossary for Stories of Ancient Rome
Aadvisor—apersonwhooffersadviceandhelp
aid—toofferhelp
ambrosia—thedrinkofthegods;Thosewhodrankitbecameimmortal.
aqueduct—astonestructurebuilttocarrywaterfromthecountryintothecity(aqueducts)
architecture—designorstyleofbuildings
arena—theareaofastadiumwheretheeventsactuallytakeplace
armor—aprotectivecovering,usuallymadeofmetal,wornbysoldiersinbattle
Augustus—JuliusCaesar’sadoptedsonwhochangedancientRomefromarepublictoanempirebybecomingtheemperor
avalanche—snow,ice,androcksthatsuddenlyfalldownthesideofamountain(avalanches)
BBC/BCE—BeforeChrist(Jesus);BeforetheChristianEraorBeforetheCommonEra
banquet—alargefeasttocelebratesomething
barbarian—apersonwhoiswild,sometimesviolent,anddoesnotbehavetherightway(barbarians)
PP26Take-HomeWorksheet
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beautiful—verypretty,lovely
beauty—beingpretty
befriend—tobecomefriendswith(befriended)
blacksmith—apersonwhomoldshotironintometalobjects
Byzantium—ancientcityintheeasternpartoftheRomanEmpire,latercalledConstantinople
CCarthage—cityonthecoastofAfricathatRomanssawasarivalcity(Carthaginians,Carthaginian)
chariot—acartwithtwowheelsandnoseatsthatispulledbyhorses;Thedriverstandsupinthecarttoholdthehorses’reins.
Christianity—areligionbasedontheteachingsofJesus(Christian)
Circus Maximus—alargestadiumwherechariotraceswereheld
civil war—awarbetweengroupswithinthesamecountry
civilization—agroupofpeoplelivingtogether,oftenincities,withthesamelaws,leadersandformofgovernment,languageandwritingsystem(civilizations)
Cleopatra—theQueenofEgypt;ShebecamequeenwithhelpfromJuliusCaesar.
collapse—tosuddenlyfail(collapsed)
Colosseum—ahugearenainRomewherepeoplewouldgotowatchevents,mainlygladiatorfights,thatisoneofthemostrecognizablebuildingsfromtheRomanEmpire
conduct—tocarryout,suchasanactivity
Unit 4 247© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
confident—sure,certain
confront—tomeetface-to-face(confronted)
conquer—totakecontrolofsomethingbyforce(conquered)
conspirator—apersonwhohassecretlyplannedtodosomethingharmful(conspirators)
Constantine—theEmperorwhoendedthewarbetweentheRomansandChristianity;thefirstRomanEmperortoconverttoChristianity
Constantinople—newnameforthecityofByzantiumandConstantine’sfavoritecity,whichhewantedtoturnintoa“newRome”
consul—oneoftwotopofficialselectedtogoverntheRomanrepublic(consuls)
counter-attack—amilitaryresponsetoanattack
crouch—tostooporsquat(crouched)
cruel—mean,causingpainonpurpose
curious—wantingtoknowmore
DDamocles—afriendofDionysiuswhowantedtobekingandhaveDionysius’slife
dangle—tohangloosely(dangling)
defeat—towinavictoryover(defeated)
democracy—akindofgovernmentinwhichpeopleareelectedasrepresentativesfreelyandequallybyallpeopleofvotingage
depart—toleave
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dictator—apersonwhorulesacountrywithtotalcontrol,ofteninacruelway;Adictatorisnotelected.(dictators)
Dionysius—thekingofSyracuse,apartoftheRomanEmpire,andfriendofDamocles
divine—relatingtoGod
do his mother’s bidding—followordersfromhismother
downfall—asuddenfallfrompower
Eeager—showinggreatinterestinsomething
Eastern Empire—theeasternhalfoftheRomanEmpire
elect—tochoosethroughvotes(elected)
emperor—themaleruler/headofanempire
empire—agroupofnationsorterritoriesruledbythesameleader,anemperororempress;likeakingdom
envy—towantwhatsomeoneelsehas(envied)
establish—togainrecognitionfordoingsomethingwell(established)
Etruscan—apersonwhowaspartofacivilizationtothenorthofRomewhotheRomansdefeated(Etruscans)
Unit 4 249© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Ffaith—strongreligiousbeliefs
foe—anenemy
Founding Fathers of the United States—menwhoplayedimportantrolesincreatingtheDeclarationofIndependenceandtheConstitution,includingJohnAdams,BenjaminFranklin,AlexanderHamilton,JohnJay,ThomasJefferson,JamesMadison,andGeorgeWashington
Ggladiator—amantrainedtofightpeopleandanimalsforentertainment,oftenresultingindeath(gladiators)
govern—toruleorcontrol(governed,government)
HHagia Sophia—alargeChristianchurchwithamagnificentdomebuiltbyJustinianinConstantinople
Hannibal—generalfromCarthagewholedthefightagainstRomeduringtheSecondPunicWar;Hewonmanybattlesbutlostthewar.
hew—tocutsomethingwithasharptool
historian—apersonwhowritesabouthistory(historians)
honor—aprivilegeorspecialopportunitytodosomething
Horatius—aRomansoldierwhobecameaherobyfightingtheEtruscanarmywithtwoothermensothattheotherRomanscouldescape;HejumpedintheriverduringthefightanddrifteddownstreamtoRome.
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Iillegal—againstthelaw
immortal—abletoliveforever
invade—toattackorenteraplaceinordertotakecontrolofit
Jjealousy—wantingwhatsomeoneelsehas,wantingcompleteattention(jealous)
Jesus—areligiousteacherborninthePalestineregionoftheRomanEmpire,alsocalledJesusChrist;Christianityisbasedonhisteachings.
Julius Caesar—aRomangeneralwhoconqueredmanylandsandexpandedtheRomanrepublic;Afterservingasaconsul,hedecidedhedidnotlikethewaytherepublicwasrun.Hebecameadictator,wasthenseenasathreat,andwaskilled.
Justinian—greatemperoroftheEasternEmpirewhobuilttheHagiaSophiaandorganizedlawsintoJustinian’sCode
Justinian’s Code—thelawsorganizedandpublishedbyJustinian
LLatin—thelanguageofancientRome
laugh—togiggleorchuckleatsomethingthatisfunny
legendary—well-knownorstemmingfromanoldstorypasseddownfromlongagothatisusuallynottrue
Unit 4 251© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Mmagnificent—impressiveandbeautiful
marriage—thecommittedpartnershipbetweentwopeopletomakeahomeandraiseafamily
Mediterranean—theseaaroundwhichtheRomanscreatedtheirempire;animportantbodyofwaterfortrade,war,andtransportation
messenger—someonewhodeliversmessagesbackandforth
miracle—anamazingeventwithnoexplanation,believedtobeanactofGod(miracles)
mission—averyimportantjob
monarchy—akindofgovernmentinwhichakingorqueenrulesandselectswhowillruleafterhis/herdeath,usuallytheoldestson
mosaic—artmadebyputtingsmallpiecesofglassortiletogethertoformapicture(mosaics)
Mount Olympus—thehomeoftheRomangodsandgoddesses
Mount Vesuvius—avolcanothateruptedinAD79andwipedoutthecityofPompeii
Oofficial—apersonwhoholdsanofficeandhasauthority(officials)
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PPantheon—atemplebuilttohonoralloftheRomangods
patrician—apersonfromanold,wealthy,powerfulfamilyintheRomanrepublicwhoheldgovernmentpositions(patricians)
pillar—acolumnthatsupportsabuildingorasupportingpartofsomething(pillars)
pity—tofeelsorryorunhappyforsomeone
plebeian—anordinarypersonwhowaspoorandhadlittleeducationorpowerintheRomanrepublic(plebeians)
plume—acloudofsmokethatrisesintotheairinatall,thinshape
Pompeii—acityintheRomanEmpirethatwaswipedoutwhenMountVesuviuserupted
preserve—tosaveinitsoriginalformsothatitremainsthesame(preserved)
prick—tomakeasmallholewithsomethingsharp(pricked)
priestess—awomanwhoperformsspecialdutiestohonorandcommunicatewiththegods
pumice—grayvolcanicrock
Punic War—oneofthethreewarsfoughtbetweentheRomansandtheCarthaginiansovercontroloftheMediterranean(Punic Wars)
Rransom—moneypaidtofreesomeonewhohasbeencapturedorkidnapped
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reform—tochangethewaythingsaredonetomakethembetter(reformed)
reign—periodoftimeduringwhicharulerisincharge
religion—thebeliefinagodormanygods
Remus—oneofthebrotherswhostartedRomeaccordingtolegend;HewaskilledbyhisbrotherRomulusinafightoverwheretobuildthecity.
republic—akindofgovernmentinwhichpeopleareelectedasrepresentativestorule
revolt—riotorrevolutionagainstarulerorgovernment
rival—anenemy
Romulus—oneofthebrotherswhostartedRomeaccordingtolegend;HekilledhisbrotherRemusinafightoverwheretobuildthecityandthenbuiltRomeandnameditafterhimself.
rough—notcalm
Rubicon—theriverJuliusCaesarcrossedeventhoughtheRomansenatorswarnedhimnotto,leadingtoacivilwar
ruins—theremainsofsomethingthathasfallenorbeendestroyed
Ssatyr—acreaturewhowashalfman,halfgoatandwasoftenfoundwithBacchus(satyrs)
scholar—apersonwithalotofknowledgeaboutacertainsubject(scholars)
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Senate—agroupofmen(senators)whowereelectedtorepresentthepeoplewhovotedforthemandmettomakedecisionsandpasslawsfortheRomanrepublic;AmericangovernmenttodayalsohasaSenate(andsenators).(senators)
she-wolf—afemalewolf
shrine—aplacewherepeoplepraytoorworshipgodsandgoddesses
subjects—peoplewhoareruledbyakingoremperor
Ttalent—aunitofmeasurementinancientRome,equaltoabout71pounds,usedtomeasuregoldandsilver(talents)
taunt—toteaseormakesomeoneupsetbymakingfunoforbeingmeantotheperson
thou—oldfashionedwayofsaying“you”
threat—someoneorsomethingthatisormaybedangerous
tradition—custom(traditions)
traitor—someonewhoisnotloyal
trial—ameetingincourttodetermineifsomeonehasbrokenthelaw
trident—Neptune’smagical,three-prongedspearthatwasshapedlikeafork
tyrant—arulerwhoismean,harsh,andactswithoutregardforlawsorrules
Uunderworld—undergroundplacewheredeadpeople’sspiritsgo
unusual—rare
Unit 4 255© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Vvaliantly—inabraveandcourageousmanner
Veni, vidi, vici [wae-NEE,wee-DEE,wee-KEE]—Icame,Isaw,Iconquered,JuliusCaesar’sreportabouthiseffortsinAsia
vicious—dangerous,violent,mean
victorious—havingwonabattle,war,orcontest
volcano—amountainwithopeningsthroughwhichmeltedrock,ash,andhotgasesexplode
WWestern Empire—thewesternhalfoftheRomanEmpire
wisdom—knowledgeandgoodjudgmentgainedovertime
Yye—oldfashionedwayofsaying“you”
yon—distant
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Writing Prompts
Unit 4:1. WriteaparagraphjudgingwhetherJuliusCaesarwasa
goodleaderornot.Usedetailstosupportyouranswer.
2. WriteapageofdialoguepersuadingreaderstodigupthelostcityofPompeii.
3. ExplainhowtheRomangovernmentservedasagoodmodelforourgovernment.
4. MakeachartshowingbackgroundfactsyouknewbeforereadingthisReaderandnewfactslearned.
5. Debate(inwrittenform)whetheritwasagoodideaforHannibaltocrossthemountainswithasquadofelephants.
6. WritingasHoratius,persuadeotherstojoinyouinholdingthebridge.
Either fiction or nonfiction:1. Summarizethestoryorchapteryoureadinthreetofive
sentences.
2. Afterreadingthisstoryorchapter,Iwonder...
3. Namethreethingsyoulikedaboutthestoryorchapter.
4. Makeatimelineofthreetofiveeventsinyourreadingtoday.
5. PretendyouareaTVreporterwhohastointerviewthemaincharacterorpersoninthestoryorchapteryouread,andwritedownfivequestionsyouwouldask.
6. Makeapredictionaboutwhatwillhappennextinthestoryorchapteryoujustread.Explainwhyyouthinkthiswillhappen.
7. Pretendyouarethemaincharacterorapersoninthestoryorchapteryoureadtodayandwriteadiaryentryforthatperson.
8. Tellaboutsomethinginthestoryorchapteryoureadtodaythatissimilartosomethingyouhavealreadyread.
9. DrawaVenndiagramtoshowwhatisalikeand/ordifferentbetweentwocharactersorpeopleinthestoryorchapteryouread.
10. Howdoesthetitlefitthestoryorchapter?Suggestanothertitle.
11. Writedownthreenewwordsyoulearnedwhilereadingandtellwhattheymean.Useeachwordinanewsentence.
12. Namethreequestionsyouwouldasktheauthorofthestoryorchapter.
Fiction:1. Tellaboutthesetting.
2. Tellabouttheplot.
3. Tellaboutyourfavoritecharacter.Writethreereasonswhyyouchosethatcharacter.
4. Whichcharacterisyourleastfavorite?Writethreereasonswhyyouchosethatcharacter.
5. Giveexamplesofpersonificationfromthestory.
6. Drawalinedownthecenterofyourpaper.Ononesidewritethetitleofyourfavoritestory.Ontheothersidewritethetitleofwhatyouarereadingtoday.Compareandcontrastthemaincharacter,thesetting,andtheplot.
7. Writeadifferentendingforthestory.
8. Ifyoucouldbeanycharacterinthestoryorchapteryoureadtoday,whowouldyoube?Givethreereasonswhy.
9. Inventaconversationordialoguebetweentwocharactersorpeopleinthestoryorchapterthatyouread.Writewhateachcharactersaysanddon’tforgettousequotationmarks.
10. Describeacharacter,setting,orplotthatsurprisedyou.Explainwhatitwasandwhyitsurprisedyou.
11. Tellaboutaproblemthatsomeoneinthestoryorchapterhadandwhatheorshedidaboutit.
Nonfiction:1. Describesomethingthatyoulearnedfromwhatyou
readtoday.
2. Writeatleastthreequestionsyouhaveafterreadingthechapteraboutthetopicinthechapter.
3. Inthreesentences,summarizewhatyoureadtoday.
Unit 4 257© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Conference Record For Reader’s Journal
Date:______________
TitleofBookStudentisReading:___________________________
Isjournalcomplete?Yes___ No___
Teachernotes:
Date:______________
TitleofBookStudentisReading:___________________________
Isjournalcomplete?Yes___ No___
Teachernotes:
Date:______________
TitleofBookStudentisReading:___________________________
Isjournalcomplete?Yes___ No___
Teachernotes:
Name: ____________________________________________________
258 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Date:______________
TitleofBookStudentisReading:___________________________
Isjournalcomplete?Yes___ No___
Teachernotes:
Date:______________
TitleofBookStudentisReading:___________________________
Isjournalcomplete?Yes___ No___
Teachernotes:
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TitleofBookStudentisReading:___________________________
Isjournalcomplete?Yes___ No___
Teachernotes:
Unit 4 259© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
Core Knowledge language arts
series editor-in-Chief
E. D. Hirsch, Jr.
President
Linda Bevilacqua
editorial staffCarolyn Gosse, Senior Editor - PreschoolKhara Turnbull, Materials Development ManagerMichelle L. Warner, Senior Editor - Listening & Learning
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aCKnowledgMentsThese materials are the result of the work, advice, and encouragement of numerous individuals over many years. Some of those singled out here already know the depth of our gratitude; others may be surprised to find themselves thanked publicly for help they gave quietly and generously for the sake of the enterprise alone. To helpers named and unnamed we are deeply grateful.
Contributors to earlier versions of these MaterialsSusan B. Albaugh, Kazuko Ashizawa, Nancy Braier, Kathryn M. Cummings, Michelle De Groot, Diana Espinal, Mary E. Forbes, Michael L. Ford, Ted Hirsch, Danielle Knecht, James K. Lee, Diane Henry Leipzig, Martha G. Mack, Liana Mahoney, Isabel McLean, Steve Morrison, Juliane K. Munson, Elizabeth B. Rasmussen, Laura Tortorelli, Rachael L. Shaw, Sivan B. Sherman, Miriam E. Vidaver, Catherine S. Whittington, Jeannette A. Williams
We would like to extend special recognition to Program Directors Matthew Davis and Souzanne Wright who were instrumental to the early development of this program.
sChoolsWe are truly grateful to the teachers, students, and administrators of the following schools for their willingness to field test these materials and for their invaluable advice: Capitol View Elementary, Challenge Foundation Academy (IN), Community Academy Public Charter School, Lake Lure Classical Academy, Lepanto Elementary School, New Holland Core Knowledge Academy, Paramount School of Excellence, Pioneer Challenge Foundation Academy, New York City PS 26R (The Carteret School), PS 30X (Wilton School), PS 50X (Clara Barton School), PS 96Q, PS 102X (Joseph O. Loretan), PS 104Q (The Bays Water), PS 214K (Michael Friedsam), PS 223Q (Lyndon B. Johnson School), PS 308K (Clara Cardwell), PS 333Q (Goldie Maple Academy), Sequoyah Elementary School, South Shore Charter Public School, Spartanburg Charter School, Steed Elementary School, Thomas Jefferson Classical Academy, Three Oaks Elementary, West Manor Elementary.
And a special thanks to the CKLA Pilot Coordinators Anita Henderson, Yasmin Lugo-Hernandez, and Susan Smith, whose suggestions and day-to-day support to teachers using these materials in their classrooms was critical.
260 Unit 4© 2013 Core Knowledge Foundation
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