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JULES VERNE

SÁNDOR MÁTYÁSREGÉNY

FORDÍTOTTA: ÖRVÖS LAJOS



TARTALOM

ELSŐ RÉSZ

I. A POSTAGALAMBII. SÁNDOR MÁTYÁS GRÓF

III. A TORONTÁL-CÉGIV. A REJTJELES ÜZENETV. AZ ÍTÉLET ELŐTT, ALATT ÉS UTÁNVI. A PISINÓI VÁRTORONYVII. A FOIBA ZUATAGAVIII. FERRATO ALÁSZ ÁZAI!. A VÉGSŐ "ÜZDELEM UTOLSÓ ERŐFESZÍTÉSEI

MÁSODIK RÉSZ

I. PESCADE ÉS MATIFOUII. A TRABACCOLO VÍZRE BOCSÁTÁSA

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9)*21?92.

- C)2 4&+808+12 1**0, &6 - (8(8+( S09?1& M0+50). - M34') 6(423&?(*(6 @9+8 /08)0448 2)18+;9, 145 9(6 ()(++-( )*7 ;'*1951) ;(8) ;1951?862&78...

N1 S09?1& 4&7 =45 +(++( (8 (*+ 23&?3)+, 6'9+ 8(4)(2385(;; 19+1))041+ )(6 +8>-?19+9 9(2', T1&19+08 634') >1;;9 '45(8+( 4&71+. E* 23&?3) /87>0;9 /19+21*+1++&& '), 6'+ * '639+ 2@*@8+ /(8( S0&2095.

- S(66'+ )(6 +?12 (&&8 - (8(8+( ;920& -, 3) 9(6 ') 881++6 &&78, 145 * 1)*+&02 21&6095 +&+9 /86'+8 ( +3&(9. V>19 @99(2, 4&7 =&, /9 /86' 12 && 419?189', 145/86' 2@*(8' ()(6395...

- S(66'23(9 - (8(8+( S09?1& M0+50) -, ?( 64);; 39*:45' 2@&@2;(9 93 1859?18412+ ') +?92, 6'2&8 2@*@9)34 )2 23);; )*(&(* +?160)+. 0+ (*3&+ +(++(6 (8 39@99(2 (*+ 23&?3)+, 3) +(8>()(9 @9+8 :44, 145 /08)*18-( /45 )(6.

- S(66'+ 9(6 881++6 (&&8 - (8(8+( T1&19+08 S'619 -, 2:8@9;(9 9(6 ')*(6, 145 >1416

8(99( 6(4&'*9' +'+12+&+0)+ 1859 :45388(8 )*(6;(9, 6'9+ @9, 4&7 =&, 2'9(2 3&?(2('6(4)*(9/(?(+932 (*+

- "@)*@9@6, &6 - (8(8+( S09?1& 4&7 -, 3) 39 ') =45 419?1816, 6'9+ @9, 145 9'9) 6'+8389:92 )(6 +0&1219 ;(8:8, )(6 2/:8. E8 ') 4516 9(6)120& T&'()*+(+, 3) /'))*+3&(2 E&?385;(, 1/0 ):&4) :45(2 /92.

- Ó, (86(45, 4&7 =&% - 23&?(*+( 38392(9 T1&19+08 S'619.

- I4(9... 8(423);; 23+ 3+ 6=8/.

- D( 95'8/09 /'))*>@9 T&'()*+;(%

- N(6 '9936, &6 - (8(8+( S09?1& 4&7. - D( 6'(8++ (8'9?812, )*(&(+936 &(9?;( 1*9' *

&+(92' 2)+385 (43)* (8)*06180)0+, 6(85 61)+ (8'9+3*3)&( /0&. E45 )(&(4 )*0680+, )*19;3&-(8)*06180)+ 3) (&?;3&8(+' ?>+ 2+6 6(4 * '9+3*6+8, 3) 634 8'4 /18+ '?6 (88(9&'*9'.



N(6 ')6(& /86' 6(4;*+7 2@95/(8+, /45 9(6 +?90 &(9?(82(*3)(6&( ;1)0+9' (45'2 8286*1++>0+, 2' (8/34(*93 9(2(6 (*+ 6920+%

- M' )(6 2@995(;;, 4&7 =&

- N4519 8(2@+(8(*.

- É) 6'21& /9 )*:2)34( (&&( 2@95/(8&(%- A 8((+ 8(46&;;.

- 18 >(8(9+2(*(+%

- B&0+16, S*+60& 4&7 0*0908, * A(?1++1 )40&=+ . )*06 8++.

- R(9?;(9 /9.

- A 692 6'9+(45 +* 91+ '4395(8, ) 6'(85+ &(9?;(9 8()*9(2 * (8)*06180)'6, 60&') '9?-812 * &+(92' 2)+385;. E993814/, 23&(6, +&+) 23)*(983+;(9 * @9938 (2/ 39*(6(+.

T1&19+08 S'619 (&&( 23&3)&( @9239+(8(9:8 ') @))*(&09?8+, ?( S09?1& 4&7 (*+ 9(6 /(++(

3)*&(.- M'21& 7>+> /'))*29' 39*+, 4&7 =&% - 23&?(*+(.

- J@/ 79 9518?'209.

- R(9?(82(*3)3&( 14 0889'.

E*+09 S09?1& 4&7 (8088+, 3) ;920& 2'2)3&+( * (8)*1; >+>0'4.

A6'21& T1&19+08 S'619 /'))*+3&+ ?1841*7)*1;0;, 1++ +808+ S0&2095+, 2' )2 (995'+619?1++<

- "3+ 919 ;(8:8 ;( 2(88 /(*(+9'( 2@95/(8' 6'9)34;(9 S*+60& 4&7 0*0;.

- C)2459 (*+ 2(88 +(99:92 - (8(8+( T1&19+08 S'619.



IV. A REJTJELES ÜZENET

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)(8)*@/3);(9, 6(85(+ ;920& 3) :459@2( )*++. C38>< 992 +'+1292 (8(?3)(, 6(85 *@))*(()2:/3) /(*(+'9(2 38(+3;( 2(&:8(+(++. E&(?6395(< +'+21) (8>(8(9+3) ?>, +86)/4519, 6(85 (45&3)*+ (45 6'9?(9&( 23() 289?1& *)(;3+ +@6' 6(4, 60)&3)*+ (45 ;920&

39*()80?0>0+, 2' 1? >+1++, 145 60& (8(4(+ )(6 +? +(99' 2@+(8(*(++)34('9(2.

M40+78 3&+(+?'2, 145 T1&19+08 S'619 3) S0&2095 2@*@++ 83+&(>@++ (45(*)34 23+ (45(98&3)*&( 1)*+1++ (8 /0&+7 )*91+. E*(92/:8 S0&2095 &(9?(82(*3)3&( 2(88(++ 0889' )*:2)34() @))*(49(2, 145 '88(9? 67?19 38())(9 T&'()*+;(9 +0&)0/8, Z'&193/8, 3) 145(?(*())( *12+ 2'?0)12+, 6(85(2(+ 833)(' 3) '9+3*2(?3)(' )*:2)34())3 +()*9(2.C)(&3;(9 3) ;'*+1)+328 0+ 2(88(++ ?9' ;920&92 8(/382( 60)18+0+, 6(85 - (;;(9 9(623+(82(?(++ - * @))*(()2:/3) +'+20+ &(>+(++(.

T809 (8/'450*+89)0448 8((+9( /0?189' S09?1& M0+50)+. R'+2 2@995(86)349(2 +9'2 ;(/(*(+9' '85(9 2@&:86395(2 2@*@++ (45 '?(4(9+ ;; 0*;, 18 (995'&( )=851) +'+212 1&14+2 21209. R0?0)8 (82(83) (8++, 6(85&( ;0&6(85'2 '889+;9 >(8+ ?++2. D( 4&7 )*:2)34;8 )(8(2(?(++ 45.

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Í45 * ()(+;(9, 21&6095 6(49()*(89( /86'+, (45 8286*1++ ;(/(*(+3)((;;( 0*; '920;; && )*18408+, 145 6'9?(9 459=+ (8+(&(8>(9.

A* 121)21?0) 23+)34+(8(9:8 (85() /18+, * 7/'9+3*2(?3) (?'4 6(4(8(8 8(++ /189, (* *8286*1++ 9(6 3(9 S0&2095, 3) 9(6 T1&19+08 S'619 2(*()2(?'2 3&+(

":8@9;(9 S0&2095, 23+)*9)34 3+&7;0) 6()+(&(, 95'8/09 )*91+ =*1++ 2:8)+8>?19)04';78, 958+ +(2'9+(+3;8, )*'9+( &2'(>(*3)3;8, (43)* )*(638539(2 (45)*(& 3)

;():8(+() 6(4>(8(93)3;8. S09?1& 4&71+ 3) 23+ ;&0+>0+ 6(4 2(88(++ +3/()*+(9'(, 3) (* )'2(&:8+') 9(2'. A '+8 2@95/(8 ;*4792, 8(2@+(8(*9(2, )*18408+23)*9(2 6++21*1++, 3) '4(9

>0&+)92 )*0612 /'8040;9, 18 &(9?(+ 2(88(++ +(&(6+(9'(. E453;239+, 9(6 +?>,)(66';8 )(6 459+++ /189, 145 (45 @))*(()2:/3) /(*(+'/(8 088 )*(6;(9, 2'2 23)*(2 645&12+ * 1)*+&0212 (88(9 (880*+9', ')*(9 S09?1& M0+50), B0+1&5 I)+/09, S*+60& L0)*87 ( +80821*0)1219 80+)*784 )09 6/3)*(+' 3) +?160951) 23&?3)(22(8 148821*+2.

N(6 185+ +@;;3 +'+21) 8(/(8(*3), )(6 +'+12*+1) >@/3)-6(93) 0* 2@&:8. D( S0&2095 +?+,6'(* +&+) 640+. A* 8281692 >@99'( 2(88(++, 3) /0&+ +:&(8(66(8.

S*+60& L0)*87 0*0; >+/, S0&209592 )2 (45(+8(9 38> /18+< 6(42&'9+9' +'+21)&0)6(4(>+3)3&( )*184087 &1)+385+. D( 61)+, 145 60& 9(6 3&2(*(++ +@;;3 &(>+>(8() :*(9(+



T&'()*+;(, && ') 419?18+, 145 +809 7/+1))04;78 (8)*++1++02 &1)+385+. N54+89+1++ ')(* 419?18+, 6(&+ (43)* )(8)*@/3)( && 3:8+, 145 6(4(>+)( 1)+486; 1*+ 8(/382(60)18+0+.

A64 +(0+ S09?1& M0+50) (8)*06180)'92 &(9?(*3)39 ?1841*1++, 93*?(438+, '45(8+,8()2(8?@++. A* '&1?0;, 18 S*+60& L0)*87 3) +0&)' @))*(458+(2, '4*09 2@995(9 ;(>+1++.

G52&9 634 (45(?:8 ') ?1841*1++ 1++. É) '85(921& )*(6( 3) 2(*( (43)* 60))8 148821*1++,6'9+ )*06+0)1228 /45 )*06>(45(2 (4560) 80 &0)0/8. A* '&+12 2@*+ 2++1++, '7212+95'+14++ 0828)1228, * ( 6()+(&)34;(9 >0&+) Z'&19( 23)*+6395('/(8. M'9?6(88(++ 94519:45(8+ &&, 145 B1&1) 9( 80)) 6(4, 6(&+ ;(99( - =45 80+)*1++ - 8(4)(2385(;; &1219)*(9/(+)(6 +?+ (82(8+(9'.

A* (8) @+ 919 S0&2095 2++0)' 9(6 1*+2 45:6@8)@+. M'9?(99 )'2(& &(63953/(83&2(*(++ 6'9?(9 ()+( =45 +3&+ /'))* )*0887>0;, 145 9(6 >+1++ )(66'&(. A++78 2(88(++ 389',145 2?&1+ /88 ;9@) /088821*0). A* @))*(()2:/3) - /87;9 &&78 /18+ )*7 -, 3) 121+9(6 80+1++, 145 23+(82(?>32 ;(99( - (45'2 9&78 60)'2& 2'&1;;9+1++, /45') 6'(8++ 634(8(?(*(++(, 3) 2@/(+2(*3)23 (80&8++ /189.

- A619?7 /4512 - 619?+ 9(2' Z'&19( -, 145 >1;; 8(99( 3&+()+(9' &(9?&)34(+, 3) 0+?9'9(2'2 * :*(9(+ 60)18+0+, 6'9+)(6 (8()9' (8>(8(9+3) )*90+78.

- I4(9 - (8(8+( S0&2095. - É) 6(4 ') +()*(6, 2(88

M40+78 3&+(+?(9 0889?79 +0>321*+++ T1&19+08 S'619+ 2++0)'&78, 3) 9(6 2')0&?)040; 2(&:8+, 145 8()'88+) ;920& +:&(86(+8(9)343+.

A /38(+8(9 *19;9 )(4+)343&( >@++. E8)*@& ') )*(&(9)( )(4+(++ 9(2', 6'21& 2(*3;( >++++ &(>+>(8() :*(9(+(+< (* 8281668 ') /38(+8(9 >0+)*1++ 2@*&(, 145 6(4(>+())(.

M0>) +18)7 9>09 >0&+2, ?38+09 9345 7& (83. S0&2095 &(9?)*(&'9+ @+ 7&21& +0/1*1++S*+60& 4&7 0*0;78. E45&( 9451;; )87?0)+ 3&*(++, 6(&+ )(66'/(8 )(6 >+1++ (8;;&(,

6'9+ 18 * (8) 919 +&+1++, 692 (?'4, 6(885(8 S09?1& 4&7 6(4;*+, /343(*2@*(8(?(++. A (8?+ ;((>(*+3/(8 95'8/09 2@)*@9(++(8 3) 6(4(8(8 >+86*0))8 (8(94(?'2, ?()(66'38( 12 9(6 8()* &0, 145 +1/0;;& ') 80+14)) (*+ 0*+.

N1), S*+60& L0)*87 3) 23+ ;&0+> (* '?;(9 +0/1*1++ *8&78. C)2 B1&1) 6&?+ 1?*,?( ') * (45'2 @8?)*'9+' )*1;0;9 1488+1)21?1++. S0&209592 +(8>() )*;?)04 958+ )(8(2/3)&(, 3) (8+0&1*+, 145 ;(+18 S*+60& 4&7 )*1;0>0; - 6'+ (??'4 9(6 +((+(++6(4 -, ) 1++ 8(4&78321);; 2++0); 2(*?.

A* >+7 28)& /18+ *0&/. S0&2095 0828)0/8 2'95'+1++ 3) ;(83(++.

A* +0& 9587 23+ ;82 2@*@++ (45 &(?95@) 2') &7)*+8 088+, 6(859(2 9+'2 )+8) (8&4?-+++ /189 &34' ;=+1&12 2(?/(8>3+. A 8()21++ &(?95+8 9(6 8((+(++ 80+9' ;(8)(>3+.

E8) *;(9 +@&+39+, 145 S0&209592 8286 958+ 6(493*9' (*+ ;=+1&?&;1+, 3) 9(6 * *(6;(& /18+, 2' 9(6 38 8((+)344(8. 145 ;(8(+&208>19 2:8@938( '7212;, )09 (82(88(++ ()*+(9'( &(?95+. E*+ 6(4 ') +(++( * 0828) )(4+)343/(8, 9382:8, 145 *0&1995161+ 451++ /189.

A 9(45(?'2 '72;9, 6(85(+ S0&2095 0+2++1++, )*060& 6'+ )(6 3& '&+12 8++ )*;085-+898 2'8544+1++ 81+ +808+. E* 8 +:)+39+ (82(8+(++( '45(863+.

A &1)+385[ - 419?18+ 640;9.

N(6 ') +3/(?(++.

E8) 419?18+ * /18+, 145 6401* /()*' ?( &@/'? 419?1821?0) +09 && >+1++, 145

&1)+385 (8+93)( 459=+ 3;&()*+(+9(, S*+60& 4&7 9(+09 (8(?(*93.



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E* &1)+385 (45)*(& 9345*(+() 2&+198(6(* /18+, + (9+'63+(&95' 6'9?(9 18?809, &6'9-+ (45(98 9345*(+&( (81)*+/, 6'9?(45'2( 2@&:8;(8:8 (45 9345*(+(9+'63+(&. +-+ /*)*'9-+() 3) :448(4() )1&;9 (8&(9?(*/( P:+41&)* +;(880>01* )19879, 6(85 + )*06>(45(9

88. A &6'9+ 9345*(+;8 )*193+ (2(+( /18+, 2'8(9 (?'4 :&() - /45') 2'8(99345*(+ (8539 2&+19 2' /18+ /04/.

S0&2095 )*060& )09 &1)+385 19+1) 63&(+( 3) 2'8(9 :&() 9345*(+ (8(85(*3)( /18+8395(4().

A 63&(+ 2@&/1980+ 6(4=*+ (&*0/8 (45 )*(8(+ (3& &19, 3) 419?1)9 :45(8+ &&, 145(8+:9+())( +'9+0/8 &>*18+ 2') 2(&()*+ (853+, 6(85 ;'*1950& &1)+385 (8) &3)*3+ >(8@8+(.

A 9345*(+(2 (853+ =45 +0&1*+ 6(4, 145 &1)+385+ &0'88()*+(++( &&, 6(85(9 2&+192@&/1980+ 6(4=*+, 3) 19+1228 >(8@8+( 6(4 - * (8) )1&;9 0&16 :&() 9345*(+ 1488+ (8 -(), -() 3) -1) (85(+ 60)1?'2 )1&;9 (45 :&() 9345*(+ 088+ * W-@) (85(9 &6?'2 )1&;9 (45 :&() -'2 (85(9 9(45(?'2 )1&;9 23+ :&() 1488+ (8 -'2 3) W-'2 (85(+ *@+@?'2 )1&;9 (45 :&() -'2 (85(+ +1?'2 )1&;9 (?'4 (45 :&() 9345*(+ 088+ -'2 (85(9.":8@9;(9 80))2 +(&63)*(+() 945)040;9 &1)+385+, 6(85(+ S0&2095 ;9@) :*(86('&( 23)*:8+(8)*9089' '921)0/8, T1&19+08 S'619 ;920&&8 (45(+(6;(9.

N3095 (& (8(4(9? /18+ S0&209592, 145 (823)*+)( 60)18+1+.

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N(6 6&?+ 23+)34(, 145 (99(2 &1)+38592 )(4+)343/(8, 6(85(+ 9(6 8()* 9(3* (452&+198(6(*;8 (823)*+(9'(, 2' +?> ;(+*9' T1&19+08 2(*( 2@*+ 451++ 8(/382( 60)18+0+.V'))*+(++( 0+ &1)+385+ '72; * '&+12 80, 3) (845+ S*+60& L0)*87 )*1;0>0+, 6>? 0*+ '), 3) /'))*)'(+(++ )*0887>0;.



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- N, +@&+39+ /86', >+0)% T(, /'450** "@995(;;(9 +'+2181? (8 419?>'?+, 6'9+)(6@&@6@?(+, 3) * (6;(& 2@995(?39 (80&8> 640+, 3&*(86('+ 2'6++>...

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E*+ 619?/09, S0&2095 /(++ (45 /32195 2&+19+. "')*;+ 60)18+1+, 3) (45 9345*(+(+ 21++,6(85 19+1)9 (45(*(++ &1)+385 63&(+3/(8, 3) 9(6 (8(>+(++( (8 2') 2(&()*+(+ )(6 (8)&3)*3&8. A*+09 141++ (45 /198*7+, 3) (81)*+1++ &6'9+ (45(98 945)04= 9345*(+&(.

A &6'9+ 9345*(+;8 2'8(9(+ 6(4>(8@8+ 60)18+ 8>09, *+09 *)(;23)( (453/(82'/04+, 2'852)*+1++, 145 6(4>(8(9>(9(2 * :&() 21202;9 *12 )*/2, ;(+2 /45(453; >(8(2, 6(85(2&( &1)+385+ &0(85(*'2.

Z'&19( )*(6;(9 :8+ S0&209958, ) +04& 958+, 6179 )'88147 )*(66(8 93*+(, 145 6'+ 6/(8.E* 692 *3&+ ') 3&?(2(8+(, 6(&+ +@238(+()(9 3&+(++( ( 8(/(8(*3);(9 )*908+ +'+21)&0)&(9?)*(&3+.

- L(8(6395() 2') )*(&)*06 - 619?14++ -, )*(&@8@++ 8(8(6395(), (* 634 (45)*(& >7 )*18408+1++((+ 9(2(6 ') (8419?1816, 145 6'9?(45'2 :&() 2120;9 (456'88'7 ') 6(4;=>+...

- M34 +@;; ') - (8(8+( S0&2095.

M920> ;((>(*+3/(8 S0&2095 (8088+, 3) 2'/041++ 2&+19+ (8(85(*+( +0&0>0;9.

- 189 60& >721& &(44(8 T1&19+08908 8()*(2 - >(45(*+( 6(4.

- A221& >> 39*+0&092

- A* :*(9(+(+ &*', ?( &1)+385 9086 /9

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- V)1&0**92

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- M(4/9 &1)+385 - >(8(9+(++( S0&2095 (834(?(++(9, 3) 0+95=>+1++ * (8* ()+39 2'/041++ 2&+19+.

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- E8/34&( 6'+ )*06+% - (8(8+( B0+1&5 I)+/09.

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B0+1&5 I)+/09 6(423&?(*+( * &+8, 80++>-( 634 )80?>0+.

A* & *+ (8(8+(, 145 )(66'85(9 &9)1+ 9(6 21++ ( +(2'9+(+;(9. ":8@9;(9 )(6 /18+/87)*9, 145 21&6095 1**0>0&8>19, 3) 6(4?> (*+ * +18)7 /'4)*+ * (8+38+(29(2,6'/(8 +'+12;9 +&+1++ (*+ * :45(+ * +38(+ 9>0'4, 3) /0&(&? 9(/3+, 1/0 ;(;@&+@9@*+32 2(+, 634 )2 2' )(6 (>+(++32 (8++:2.

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- B(3&(6 2@)*@9(++(8, &'6 - (8(8+( * &, 9(6 ') +'+218/ 6(4'9?8+)040+.

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>(8(9(++8%

A* >+7 *0&/ 6&?+. N5'8/09 )(6 B0+1&593, )(6 ', )(6 L(9?(2 '9+3*, 2'&( S09?1& 4&7 ;*+ 2')8(0950+, 9(6 +?+, 1/ /'++32 148512+ 8(+&+7*++0)2 +09, 3) 9(6 +?++B1&1) )(6, 2'+ 634 6'9?'4 14/ +&+1++2 +&'()*+' ;@&+@9;(9. N5'8/09 *+ )(6 +?+02,6'85(9 +38(+ )=>+1++ * @))*(()2:/3) /(*(+'+. É) 45 * (8+38+(2 )(6 80+++02 /')*19+ 2(+ *+38(+ /34&(>+0) (8++.

Í45 +(8+(2 9 (8) 7&0'. O8521& ;()*384(++(2, 18521& 6(4 1))*9 884++2, 642;

6385(?/(. I85(9 '889+12;9 /86' +(&63)*(+(8(++' (&/(8 * (43)* 38(+ 0++ * (6;(& 4509. N(6 6=8+; 95=892 /'))* 3&+(. M'9?(9, 6'+ )2 /'))*1* * (6832, >(8(9 82>0+ @8+'.



V>19 (* 60& * @&@223/87)04 (83&*(+(, 6(85 9(6)120& 6(4958'2 (8++:2, *3 (814++89 3) (863&(+(+8(9 0881+3, 6(85(+ =45 /92< /34+(8(9%

M4 B0+1&5 I)+/09 3) S*+60& L0)*87 (99+&+0) 9382:8 0+?+02 642+ (6832('29(2,S09?1& M0+50)+ (45(+8(9 419?18+ 45@+@&+(, 3) +&+1++ 14/ 62)8. N(6 23+(82(?(++;;9, 145 &(>+(86() :45;(9 0&80) +@&+39+. M0&(?'4 64>+ (6;(& )*060& =45

6(489', 145 6(4 )(6 ;:9+(+(+' * 0&87+, ;0&2' ') 8(45(9, )+, 145 9( ') +?> 2' 0&8+ (8,23+)*(&() 80888 3&+ (8. "' )*(&(*(++( 6(4 8(/(8(+, 6(859(2 &(9?&)34 * @))*(()2:/3)(8(?3)3+ 3) * @))*(()2:/2 8(+&+7*++0)0+ 2@)*@9(++(, 2' +?+ 2';141*9', 2' )*18408+++ 2',/45 +809 ?+ (8%... E**(8 6(418?++89 &1;8360/8 )*(6;(9 S09?1& 4&7 +=8()*+(++45 /87)0448 80*;9 34(++.

É (*3&+, 64 ;&0+' &+2 /45 93609, 61*?8+898 :8+(2, 954+898, '*4+1++9 >0&+-2(8+ (88 8' 6(9+39, 6'9+ 2(+&(3;( *0&+ /?088+. V34:8 ') &(6395+(8(9:86(4(>+(+(+8(99(2 +9 +'+21+ 6(418?1++ (45 2:8@9@), ?( 94+9 +@&/395('/(8 +@238(+()(96(4645&0*+7 >(8(9)34.

S09?1& 4&7 60& +@;; *;(9 ') 6(4088+ 992 /08)*892 )&20908, 6(85 992 1851-

)792 2:8) 80/8 3&'9+2(*'2, 6(85&( /0&+1&195 (*(9 (6(8(+39(2 2:8@938( (880' 95892. E)&12;9, * >+7 6(9+' 3*419 0+, +0/18' 9412+ /38+ 889', 634 8'4 2'/((+(9. E8)*@& (8 )(6 '45(8+ &0 ?( '&+(8(9 )>0+ 9(/( 88+0& (45(*9' 2(*?+( :83+.

N5'8/09/879 459* 94+9' >(8(9)34 >0+)*7?1++ '++ 8(, 6'9+ 6(85(+ )*32()(450*2 2&*+'9 /45 (88')*') 82= ;18+>+0)' 8++ '45(8(+:92 6(4. A 94 * (88')*') 82=1851)7 (45'2 18?80&78 >@++, ) 2@/(+/( 82+, 382@& 60)'2 72)*09 88+)*1++ 9382:8,145 88+7 8(++ /189 2@*;(() 19+1219. U459(* >(8(9)34 +)*+8+7 0&'*)'P9+319 2&'+0';9, &76' S*(9+ P3+(&-)*32()(450* 2180>092 ;(8)(>3;(9 3) 819?19'S*(9+ P08-)*32()(450* 2180>092 ;(8) 2&*+09, )++147 483&'0;9[. I85(9 2@&:86395(2 2@*@++ 6'9?(9 )*7, ;0&6'85 829 (>+)32 ') 2' * (88')*') (45'2 45=>+719+>0;9, >78 2'/((+(988+)*'2 * 0+(88(9() 19+19.

N(6 /18+ 23+)34(), 145 23+-0&16 )*(6385 ;()*384(+ /45 1851)79, /45 /86(85'2 (880;9, 6(85 1851)7 +(94(8539(2 +=8)7 /3439 /9, 3) * )(6, 145 60)'2 45=>+719+(43)* 2@*(8 ()'2 6 (88 >+>01*, 6(85;(9 S09?1& M0+50)32 /18+2.

A 4&7 (45(+8(9 '9+3))(8 64 6(883 /+ 23+ +0&)0+. M'9?0&69 :8(8/( '45(8+(2.

E45() 619?+1)*809512 (834 2'/((+(9 3&2(*+(2 :8:2@*, ?( 619?+12 6(4)*2?+2, ;()*384(+2 ;0&6'85(9 2') 63&+32;(9 ') (8+0/181?+2 45=>+719++78, /45') ++78 (85+8,18 (* 94+9' >(8(9)34 +)*+8+7.

I85(9 )*/2+ )'2(&:8+ 2'/(99':2 2:8@9;@* '?2@*@2;(9<

- 189, 2'/34*3) +09 @9 60& )*;?.- É) 221& S09?1& 4&7 >/'+ 23+ &3)*&(...

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- A 189' /')*19+80+0)&, S0&2095

- A 189' /')*19+80+0)&, T1&19+08 S'619A*+09 9412 (88+2, ) (45 >+7 )7?0) 88+)*1++.



- S0&2095... T1&19+08 S'619 - 2'08+1++ (8 S09?1& 4&7. - Ő2 /18+2... Ő2 *12

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- 0+ 2... 95161&8+2... 2 /18+2 - ')63+(8+( :/@8+/(.V34:8 2'(45(9()(?(++, 2@&:893*(++, 945 83+(22(8 >0&+ (880;9.

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- I4(9 B1))*=+ 08892 - 2'08+1++ B0+1&5 I)+/09 3) S*+60& L0)*87.

- B1))*=+ 08892% N(6... I4*)041+ +()*:92

S09?1& 4&7 (43)* 8395( ;(99( /18+ (*(2;(9 )*/2;9.



VI. A PISIN!I VÁRTORONY

A ')'97' /0&(&? 2@*321&;9 (6(8+ 38(86(+() 3+6395(2 (45'2 8(42:8@9@)(;; 38?095<;3&' 2:8)(>3/(8 '4(9 >78 6++. C)2 81/412 '0951*92 )*38(), ;18+>+0)1) +(&6(';8, *

046'9+0228 ?)*+(++, 1))*= &0), (45() )'20) /0&=&92 )=)/() ;82';78, * >0)*12 3)>) )20)12 )'23) 0&2095'92 8&3)(', >+743(2 2'8@/9580)' 3) (8/197'?2 +:)23) &0)' 6@4:8. A* (&?+3) 2@/3+ 634 9(6 2(*?+( 2' * '? ?( /0&&9)912 1)*+&02 (45(9&0>0;9, 2+1902 61?(&9 /')(8(+;(9, * &@2 3) 1&2180;12, 2'2(9 60& 9(6 ()*:8 &34' '?2 38'4 )0&4, 38'4 '&1) @8+@*(+(, )(145 )(6 '88(9(2 ;(8( (45 &34' 21& ( 945)*(&6&?/095' 2@*3.

E99(2 * (&?+63959(2 /0&+1&950;78 '45(2(*(++ 6(4)*@29' S09?1& 4&7 2'/34*3)+6(4(8* +18)7 7&02;9. "3+)34+(8(9:8 ()*+(8(9 2)3&8(+ /18+, 6'/(8 148512 634 *+ )(6+?+02, 6(85'2 /0&+1&195; *0&+02 2(+, 3) (4508+809 9(6 ')6(&(++32 (*+ /'?32(+, 6(85(96(9(2:83) 2@*;(9 0+ 2(88(++ >+9'2.

É) +809 (* /18+ )*(&(9)(, 145 6'+ )(6 +?+2 (&&8 +0>321*1++;;2, 95'8/096(40+&0892 9(3*)34(2, >1;;9 619?/ (45 '85(9 /088821*0) 8((+(+8(9)34( (8++.

N(6 6'9+ I)*+&'092 (* /'?32( 9(6 95=>+9 2(?/(* 8((+)34(+ 6(9(2:83)&(, 6(&+ ;0&6'85(9 '&095;9 '9?8>92 ') 6(9(2:82, 93095 7&09 ;(8:8 (83&(+'2 +(94(&&+ /8-6(85'2 19+>0+. P')'91 /0&1) +0'+ )(6 &'*+32 1859 )*'41&=9, 145 60& * (8) 833)(2 8(+&+7*++0) /()*3853+ >(8(9+(932. D( 145 6(4)*@2>@9 /82' /0&(&?;8 - 3) 2:8@9@)23(9;;78 +1&195;78, 18 148512+ &'*+32 -, (* '?('4 +(8>())344(8 8((+(+8(99(2 80+)*1++. E&&(634 )2 9(6 ') 419?18+ )(92'.

D( 80))2 ')'97' (&?+6395 /0&+1&95092 (2/3)3+ 3) 2:8) (8&(9?(*3)3+.

A /0&+1&195 (45 64)8+ 18?80;9 (2)*'2, 18 '&+(8(9 /34(+ 3& /0&1). /82' (99(2

+(&)*92 0&20950& +06)*21?'2, '889+0) )*38() 3) 6385 )*2?32;9 /3)* (8, 6(859(2 6(&(?(2, 1))*=, ;1*19+1) 2=)*7'9?0228 ;(+1++ 8' 6>?9(6 :448(4()(2. E )*'28892 (45(+8(9 2'4&7 19+> )'9). N'9) (45(+8(9 2')*@4(883), 6(85(9 (8 8((+9( 2)*21?9' /458( 8((+9( (&()*2(?9'. E45(+8(9 '(9 )'9), 18 6(4 8((+9( 0889'. S(66', 6'&( &0 8((+9(+06)*21?9'. C)2 )*()*385(), )'6, 168?1*7, ;'*195+89 ;&0*?02 >(8*'2 )*'2802 (&?()?0)'+. E45)*7/8 1859 6385)34 (*, 6(85 8(=*, 6(4;;190*, 3) )1 9(6 ?> /'))**+, 6' (45)*(& ;(8(()(++.

E 6385)34 @8@++ (6(82(?'2 /0&+1&195 (45'2 18?88, 6(85;( '++-1++ (45-(45 ;821+ /04+2,145 6(4/'804+) * (45() (6(8(+(2 (880'+. (45 14185 2'>18+ /189 /86(85'2 9580)19,&36:8(++(8 2@8 /'))*, )2 ;(8( 9(6 )*3?:8 6385)34;( S 8(*99, 6' +@&+399(

/(8(% V45 @))*(+@&93 640+ (932 )*'280'9, /45 (8)1?1&90 (45 *+4, 6(859(2 0&?0)21& (88(9088++89 )1?&.

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

8((&()*2(?>(9(2 (*(9 )@+3+ 3) )*2 @8? 8++' /*(9, ?( ;18+>+0)12 (45&( 8)195;;2



8(++(2, 3) )26& 0+04++89 2?085+ 23(*+(2 (8++:2. V87>0;9 )(92' )(6 +?1++)(66'+ (&&8 @8? 8++' 1857&78. T809 (8/()*(++ /86' /*95(8;(9 * A?&' )*'9+>( 8++.

E* /18+ 0+ B1, 6(859(2 S09?1& 4&7 634 )2 83+(*3)3&8 )(6 +?1++. M'/(8 )*@23))2 (88 (45(+8(9 ;8209 0+ +@&+39(+(++, 6(85 B7& 958+, 31859 ;'*+1) 808+

>(8(9+(++ )*060&, 6'9+ 60&') 2'/34*1)*+448 0889 )*(6;(9.

S*+60& L0)*87 3) B0+1&5 I)+/09 60& )2 )(8(2/3) '889+0& /0&+, && ') 23)*(9, 145 2(88, 38(+:2(+ 08?1**02, 145 )(4+)34(+ 95=>+)92 S09?1& 4&792, && ') 23)*(9, 1452@/())32, 6(9(2:83):2 9(6 2?0851** * @/3+.

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E221& :+@++ 9518+ /0&1) +1&1957&0>. A* (8+38+(29(2 60& )2 +'*(923+ 7&0>2 /18+ 0+&.

L))9 8()*088+ * 3>)*2 - )@+3+9(2 43&2(* 3>)*2. V)+4, )29(6 61*?8+89 (82 41-618514+2 )=851)9 * 34;18+1*+19. A 9(3*, )*'9+( 88)*+7 8(/(4 +(8/( /18+ (8(2+&161)-)0448. (/() /'& (95(4(+(++. A /'880612 634 9(6 )++14+2 ( 0&+@6(4(2;(9, 6(85(2

)*'9+( ;()*/+02 * (8(2+&161))041+, ?( 60& +16 61&>80) +1++ /34'4 P')'97+ 2@&95(*(458091219.

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S09?1& 4&7 *1998 6(445*?@++ &&78, 145 )*@23) )09 (88 ;8209 8((+)34().A&& 634 419?189' )(6 8((+(++, 145 ;(+@&'2 * >+7+, /45 (8()*+'2 (&), 6(4/)8+ +@84583('+. ":8@9;(9 ') * & 83+( /'))*94*1++ 1851)7 2@/('9. M(4 *+09 2' ') 2(&:8+ *(6;(& * >+79, 1459 >))19 0+ /0&(&? =+/()*+'9% 1459 2(&:8>@9 0+ +:)23) &0)19 3) (8/197?19, 6(85(+ )*'41&=9 &'*9(2 2+1902% A B1 18?809 8(480;; 9(6 088+ &. D(

B1 >1;;9 /3?(86(*+( /0&+1&19592 (*+ * 18?80+, 6'9+)(6 * &@2 (43)* )1&8.S09?1& 4&7 45 0+ (45(?:8 **8 +@&?@++, 145 6(4088+), />19 * ;8219 0+ )*;?-( *=+.

E* * ;82 6'9+(45 0&16 3) 38 80; 64) 3) 23+ 80; )*38() /18+. A 8 /)+4)04 (*(9 &3)*(9 9345 80; ') 8((+(++. E45 (&) 2(&()*+/) *0&+ (8, ) (* )29(6 * ;82 ;(8) )*3839'88()*2(?(++ 8;. N(6 +2&+ )*120)1) &0), 6(85 )2 (8:8&8 (94(?' ;( 395+, ?(9(6 ') /18+ &0 )*:2)34, 6(&+ 9580) '&095 =45)(6 +(++( 8((+/3, 145 '889+0) (8>))19 B1 6385)343;(. 2' 8((+9( )*2+9' /45 (861*?+9' 2(&()*+/)+, 9(6 ') 8(99( 9(3*2';=>9' * ;8219, 6(85 6(48((+)(9 )198+1++ * (&?+6395(2 80; /041++ 8&3)(2(*.

D( )*;??0 ') /08'2 * =+ * ;8219 0+, 1459 >+ 8( 1?2'9+ * (6;(& 6(&(?(2 819%

L3+&09% A 14851292 9(6 /18+ 83+&0>2, 3) 9(6 ') 0)18++2 64292. A* 0459(6>:2 )(4+)343/(8% Á459(6>:2 )2 ?&/ 45>=+2&7 /18+, 6(85(+ /)&')(9 954/76+&& ?1;+2, &')(+ (?'4 (88 801* (&)+(++32. Í45 8((+(+8(99(2 +9+ /189 )*@23) * ;8219 0+, S09?1& 4&7 9(6 /()* 3)*&( (45 8091+ /45 '920;; /)*8+, 6(852/:8 8741++, 3) 6(42@995+(++( )*@23)+.

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E )*/228 A9?&( F(&&+1 '0/8 (45:++ (86(9+ 1++19&78, M&' (?'4 6(4)*121++ 6920>0+/34(*+( * >+7 (8++.

N3095 80)* >@++-6(9+ 1612&+19. A9?&( F(&&+1 7/+1))04;78 93095 )*7+ 2&+/08+9' /(8:2, 6'(8++ )*3++(&(4(+' 087'+ 161219.

- E&) 2(8(+' )*38 => - 619?+ * (45'2.

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- A145 +(+)*'2

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A9?&( F(&&+1 /45 +* (&'4 '0*1++ 0*092 2:)*@;39, 6>? ;(+3&+ /(9?34(' )*1;0>0;,64 M&' +1/0;; ?1841*1++ 0* (8++.

- G&7 =& - 619?+ 80)* -, )*38 )*0&*@8? (88 =>, 3) *+ ')*(6, +(94(& * 3>>(89541?+ 8()*. A 8(4(45)*(&;; 3) 45 8(4;'*+1);; 67?19 =45 +?92 9516+898 (86(9(-2:89', /(8(6 (45:++ >7& )*08892. &0)*09>02 642+, 8(4>1;;, ()+( +* 7& (83'9?892. A221& )*'2802 2@*@++ (88121?92 8806+@& 40+ )*383'4. S(92' )(6 /()*' 3)*&(

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- B0+1& )*/ - 2'08+1++ (8 S09?1& 4&7, 2'+ 6(4+1++ (* +@&+39(+.





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I. A VÉGSŐ KÜZDELEM UTOLS! ERŐFESZÍTÉSEI

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

2/09+ '&095;9 8?+ /(8(. E&) 18?8)*38;(9 /45 45(943;; 0+)*38;(9 +'*(90&16 3)





É) 23+ )*(4395 2&1;+ 068+1+ 2'(>(*, &@/'? )*/' 6'9?(9938 +@;;(+ 619?+2.

E*8++ avarena (?38*(+39 6+&7*12 (8/34(*+32 1&4195/(+3)+ 2@/(+ 69202+, /'+1&802+ &?2& +(2(&+32, 2@+(8(2(+ (8)/&+02, 3) 419?1)9 &@4*+(++32, /3?/0)*-92+ 0+8 2'()*+(++32. A 23+0&;11) /'88 82;9 /(+(++( 2' 1&4195'+ 2'2@+ (45'2 )*(48(+3;(9, 6' *+ 6+++, 145 1))*;; '?('4 )*09?321*'2 '++ 6&?9'.

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

8(;8841++ 2;'9>0;, 18 23+ 806 /'804+1++, 3) 60)9 &(44(8'4 1++ 6&?+ (45(?:8.M'9?'4 45 +(++, 3) avarena 2'+095092 - 9(45/(9 3/ 2@&:8' +(94(&3)*, N&)1)92 /+02 -

&9) /18+ &&, 145 )1 9( */&> 6(4 ?12+1&+ 640951) 7&0';9.

M(4 2(88 >(45(*9', 145 +')*+>(' 3) 6+&7*' )(6 +?+2 +@;;(+ ?12+1& 6=8+>0&78, 6'9+ 2'2@+;(8' 2@*@9)34. D( *3&+ +()+()+:8-8(82()+:8 31859 )344(8 )*18408+02. ?12+1& A9+(2'&++ 9(6 ') )*/(8+( (8 8(42')(;; (45(8(6)3&+3)+ )(6, *3&+ 6'9?(92'(* >7 /18+,+@&?@++ /(8:2, 3) 9(6 )>908+ +8:2 39*+. N(6 ') 2?+ 1859 6+&7*, 2' 9( '45(2(*(++/189 (82(&:89' avarena )*(6385*(+39(2 93/>(45*323;(. S1 9(6 ?1&408+, 9(6 ;:9+(+(++,9(6 */&+ (8 )(92'+. A 23+0&;11) )*(6385*(+( =45 38+, 6'9+ (45(+8(9 )80?.

A9+(2'&++ ?12+1& /'))*+3&+( +09 6(4+(++32 )*:2)34() '9+3*2(?3)(2(+ * 3>)*20&. "'&2+02

* (8:8) 3) 0+)7 >(8*80602+, * &)34 (81488+ (853+, 6>? 8(4+(8>()(;; )@9? /(++( 0+&860+ >79.

A9+(2'&++ ?12+1& )*1; )&20;9 0887 )*38() 684& :8+. A* )*+819 93095 =>)04 (/(&+,'9) /0)0&18+ G&/1*0;9. A ?12+1& )*7&21*1++9 0++1++ 6'9?(+, '920;; * &7&(2(+18/)+, 6'9+ 945 '22(2(+, *+ 2(&()+(, 6'85(9 >72 3&2(*+(2 3) '9?8+2, 1/0 +*+2, 1895&892 2@&9532;(8' &())34(2. A*+09 (8+18+ 640+78 * =>)0412+. T16 20;8+ 8(+(6(4. É) +'*(9(45 7& (83, '9) )(4+)343+ '4395;( )(6 /3/(, 8((2:?+ ?( )2 )120& +?1++(88?9'.

É) /82' 18/)9' +?1++ /189 419?18+' 2@*+, 6(85(2 8(4'920;; 148821*+++02, +8096(48(?'2, 145 419?18+' (;;(9 * (45(+8(9 619?+;9 1488+72 @))*(<

U459 2' 8((+ * '+8(6;(&, 2' 2@)*@9+@++( T1&19+08 S'619+ 4&/1*' &2&+19%[M0)9 &(44(8 9518 7& (83 A9+(2'&++ ?12+1& (86(9+ (?38*(+&(. C)1?)*3 9 43&2(*(++.A 9)4&2 ;(&4514+02 * @;@8 0++(&3;(9 64)87 (45(2 )=)0+. A* 0&9532 2(*?(++/'))*=*7?9' 2'2@+ /'*39(2 )*93&8. C)26& avarenát ') +(8>()(9 (8@9+@++( 9395.

N&)1) 2'+095 ?12+1&1* 83(++, 145 0+/(45( &9)12+, ?12+1& :?/@*@8+( 2'+095+, 3) 93095 )*7;9 6(4?+ +)+0)'+.

N(6)120& )792 '9?8+ (8 >7 6(888 9345 (6;(&&(8 3) (45 &9)91228 &2&+ (83)'281++, 18 6(4;()*383) )*(&'9+ P1'9+( P()?( 3) C M+'1 /0&21*1++.

N45 9, 945 :99( /18+ (* 23+ ;():8(+() '= 27;1& 38(+3;(9, 2'2 185 6())*(, 93095 )*0*

63&@8?&( )1?&7?+2 *0>2+78, P&1/(9(-+78, 6(85(+ 94519 )*(&(++(2 /189 /')*19+80+9'.



M'9?2(++(9 &2&+19 088+2. L(/(+(++32 148821*0)21* +&+1*7 '& 186'2+, /')(8+(),?( +')*+ &0+ @8+@++(2, 3) 93*+32 >+1+, 3(9 =45 ;068+02, 6'9+ * (8* 919. J7948+;9 /18+2. C M+'1 3) P1'9+( P()?( 9(6 )09 /)1&0*1++ * ()+(, ?( 660& &(44(8'*(++ '). V87)041) &:8(+ /18+ (*, 645&0*+ 9(45/(923+ 1&'9+1) &(9?2/:8'

;(/3+(8:2. D( *+ 9( '445( /82', 145 (8+321*18+02 * (43)* /4519+ N(6 P1'9+( P()?(

7/+1) /18+, (8&(80+7 3) ;(1)*+7, 3) 45 8(480;; +*9' 6(438(+3):2(+ ;'*+1)+1++.- E*+ 634'))2 9(2(? 2@)*@9(+>:2, C M+'1

- Ó, P()?(

- I4(9, 9(2(?, 7, 945 3&'=

- 0+ >7, '4(9... 9(2(6... (995'&( 2&1? - (8(8+( C M+'1.

E '889+;9 avarena )792> 2'2@+@++ &2&+19. A &9)912 (8088+, 3) )20>0+ 2(*3;(9 +&+/, 950>)9 3&+3):2&( ?+, 145 * &2[ )*18408+0& 088.

- U&2% - 2'08+1++ P1'9+( P()?(. - M'38( &2%

- 0+ @9@2 - (8(8+( &9)912 -, @9@2, 2'2(+ A9+(2'&++ ?12+1& /0& (?38*(+(9.- R(6(2 L06, 60& &2 ') /4592 - 619?+ P1'9+( P()?(.

C M+'1 +04& 6(&()*+(++( )*(63+, 3) 945 */&0;9 28>0+ 45&@4(++(.

- U&'6, =45 +(+)*'2 - )*78+ &9)912.

- T(+)*'2... ?( 634 6(995'&( +(+)*'2 - (8(8+( P1'9+( P()?( 2(?/()2(? 61*?8++8.

É) 2@/(+2(* '889+;9 23+ ;&0+ 60& 2395(86()(9 :8+ )792;9, ?1+ ;1&+7 '&1))*(4385 (2(+( )*95(4(9, &9)912 6(4 6@4@++:2 1488+ (85(+.

M19?9' )(6 2(88, 145 * (&6/3)* )=85 8++ )792 9345-@+ >>95'& ):885(?+ /*/19880. A )*95(4 )&2'+ /'))* ') 2(88(++ >+9', 145 9( 3&>(9(2 /*;(.

F:++5)*7& 9345 (/(* (45)*(&&( 6(&:8+ /*;(, 3) )792 )(;()(9 8?+ avarena (83.

V88>2 6(4, ')*(9 45 ') /18+, 23+ )*(4395 @&?@4 936'8(4 (83&*32(95:8+, 145 9( 619?>2,2')'+ )*345(88+( ') 640+. "163?'0)1292 (221& +')*+())34 C M+'1 61*?89' )(6 6(&+.P1'9+( P()?( (?'4 9(6 +?1++ (8+'+2189' */&0;9 (45 /'?06 61)185+, 6(85 6(438392+(++(/32195 3) 3&+(86() &0+.

A )792 23+0&;11)+ 0+8&78 6(42(&:8+(, 3) >1;; 18?8' 83)9580)1* 088+ - ?)*18?81*.

A 23+ ;&0+ (86(9+ 8(;1)0+1++ 83)9, 6(859(2 /32195 12' 6(4>18+2 C M+'1)=850+78, 3) 9516;9 A9+(2'&++ ?12+1& (83 /(*(++32 2(+, 2' >7 0+8>0;9 /0&+ &0>2.

S*/385() :?/@*83) +09 634 93095 1&6)04 3) (&(679' 2@/(+2(*(++, P1'9+( P()?( 3)C M+'1 )2 *+09 /18+ >89?7 8(:89'. D( /34:8 (* ') 6(4+@&+39+.

A ?12+1& 93095 (&'4 )*7+898 93*+( 2(+. '?(4 3) )*3 & 945 +0))8 /18+ &0>2. D((88 9(6 8((+(++ 23+)34, 9(6 ') :8+ >20& 61)185, )*/3;(9 ?(&&( 2?+.

- B&0+'6 - 619?1++ -, +(49 945 /()*385+8 6(9+(++32 6(4 8(4395)34(+ 3) >7646+ ').M34 (45)*(& 6(4 2&+6 2@)*@99', (*3&+ 23&+(6 642+ &&, 145 80+14))92 6(4 >79.

- D12+1& =& - (8(8+( P1'9+( P()?(, 2' 2(*?+( /'))*95(&9' ;'*+19)043&*(+3+ -, @9 94519 >7,?( (* * (43)* )*7& )(6 3&?(6(). A ;&0+16 )2 *+ +(++(, 6'+ ;0&2' 60) 6(4+(++ /189

(853;(9, /9 1**0 (&(>(. U45(, C M+'1%A* 6(4 (85()8(9 ;78'9+1++, /45') /)21) (>3+ 8(-(8 '94++.



- 0+ >78 /9 - /08)*18+ ?12+1& -, ?( 634') * @9 +0&) 3) 9(6 60) 2120*+++ 38(+3+, 3) 398(2@+(8(*(++>39(2 3&*(6 646

- Ó, ?12+1& =& - )*;?21*1++ P1'9+( P()?( -, )*345(9;( 1** * 39 @&(4 C16+, 3)6'85(9 /3&6(), 9(6 >7, /3& (>3;( )*088...

- R(9?;(9 /9, ;&0+'6 - 185+++ A9+(2'&++ ?12+1& -, 80+16, 9(6'4(9 )*(&(+'2 ?')3&(+(+. N(6 ') (&)2@?@6. D( 6'/(8 6'9?(9 )*18408+ 6(43&?(68'...

- D12+1& =& - /041++ 2@*;( P1'9+( P()?( -, (94(?(86(+, 145 6(4)*2+16, ?( 6'9?(9 >7+(++640;9 1&?> >+860+, 6'9+ * (&2@8)' +9+0)12 ') 6(4&>02, 45 6' ') (895(&+:2

>+8692+

- M0&% É) 6'23(9% - 23&?(*+( ?12+1&, ++78 +&+/, 145 /82' 6(4(8*+(.

- 0+ 1459( - 185+++ P1'9+( P()?(. - M'+09 (&6/3)*:92 '85(9 &(9?2/:8' 67?19 ;'*195+1++ ;( (&(>3+, 2@*@9)34 =>& 6(4 2&+ 45*?9' &78 6/3)*';; (8+3+(8(2 2@*@++.J@++(2 ') +@6(4()(9 &1/(9(-' &390;. C M+'1 23+ /088& (2+(+(++ /45 38 +++4;)*2?+ (45' 827+, '4(9 (&) 4&/1*' &21?76920)+, 3) +86) ;(/3+(8:92 /18+

- +86)%

- I4(9... '85(9 ;(/3+(8:92 634 9(6 /18+ 2&1;+2@&+9219.

- É) 6(995' 634')%

- N(45/(923+ 1&'9+

- Ó V87;9... P(&)*( 9(6 +?+6... - (8(8+( A9+(2'&++ ?12+1& 2(?385() 9419. - +?+6/189, 145 (8?0)+ +&+92, @&@6+(8' 2@+(8())34(69(2 +&+16, 145 39 ') (86(9>(2. Í45(94(?>32 6(4, 145 2''*())(6 ;(83?>6+...

- M ()+(, ?12+1& =&, 6 ()+( - >+14++ P1'9+( P()?( -, 8(99( )*/() 6(4+')*+(89'

(8?0)92+ >(8(983+3/(8C M+'1 ?/&')9 6(4>18+, 3) 6(44@&;+(++( )*38() /0880+, 6(85(+ 634 )1 9(6 3&+ @8? 1&[, 6'9+ P1'9+( P()?( )*12+ 619?9', 6'21& 2'2'08+7239+ '&?(++( 6)1&2+.

A9+(2'&++ ?12+1& >78 80++, 145 23+ 2&1;+ )(66'38( >+86+ 9(6 14? (8 - 8(480;;') 39* 1&60>0;9. Í45 (8+0&1*+, 145 60)239+ >0& (8. T(&/( /(8:2 (453;239+ ') 60& (8* ()+(7+ 2'828+. M34 * ()+( 185609 ;()*(&*(++ &782 93095 (8/'8041)+0)+, 3) (*(2;86(4;'*1951)1?1++, 145 23+ 2163?'0) ;():8(+() (6;(&, 638+7 6'9?(9 ;'*816&.

- 145 />02 642+% - 23&?(*+( +8:2.

- A* (45(+8(9 9(/(6, 6(85&8 +?12, ?12+1& =&< P1'9+( P()?(.

- É) 640+%- M+'1 - (8(8+( * (&6/3)*.

- V45') C M+'1 - +(++( 1**0 P1'9+( P()?(, 3) 9(6 2') ;:)*2()344(8 (>+(++( 2' (*+ 9(/(+, 6(85&8 )12+ ;()*389(2 D38-F&9'1&)*04 6'9?(9 &390>0;9.

- D( (*(2 (8/(++ 9(/(2... - >(45(*+( 6(4 ?12+1&.

- N'9) 60) 9(/:92 - (8(8+( P1'9+( P()?( -, /45 /18+ '), 6'/(8 *)(;:92 2')'+ 852),(8/()*+(++:2

- É)... &1219'2%

- R1219'92, ?12+1& =&% S1 9(6 (94(?(++:2 6(4 649292 (*+ 395*3)+ D( 6(44*?4)*92 (45)*(&, @&@2@)9(2 ;'*1950& >(8(9+2(*'2 (45 )(&(4



- M42 &9'02% F&9'1&)*04 6(85'2 &3)*3;8 /872%

- P&1/(9(-;78 - (8(8+( ;:)*239 P1'9+( P()?( -, /45') 23+)*(&()(9 &9'02 /4592

- J72(?/;(9 9(6 )*(9/(? '095+, 45(, P1'9+( P()?(%

- E*+ 6()+(&)34(6 +()*'. "3*(8>(9 (8, ?12+1& =&, (45 ;171+, (45 1>00+, (45 /0)0&' 2163-

?'0)+, 2'9(2 ;09+1) 23( T@;; +1>0)+ /049092 (45 7& 8++ (>3(*, 6'9+ 6(995'+ 6(4 ;&9 (99' (43)* 38(+3;(9 I4(9, 94519 /'?06 /4512, &(9?2/:8 /'?06, (;;(9 (45(+3&+:92.

- É) C M+'1%

- Ó, C M+'1 216185;;, 6(419+18+;;, *0&27*1++;; - (8(8+( P1'9+( P()?(, ) ;&0+)04;78 >78 95219 /04+ +0&)0+, 6'9+ 145 87 9520+ )218>02 6(4 )*(&(+(++(8. - E*+ ') 6()+(&)34 +()*' @+/(92'87) )=851228 ?1841*'2 * (6;(&, * 945 216185)041+ 2/09.B'&27*9' )(6 )09 2&>0/8 ;'&27*'2, ?( (>3/(8 ') É) C M+'1 6'9?'4 ;'&27*1++...634 95161&&8 ') D( 634 * )(6 (2+(++( 23+ /088&.

A9+(2'&++ ?12+1& 3&?(28?3))(8 884++ (*+ ?(&32 2') (6;(&+, 2'(* (* '?0'4 185 2(6395 /18+ )1&), 3) 2' 634 )2 9(6 ') (834(?(+8(92(?(++ 6'++. L(480;; 995' 6(8(4 3&*3)+ )(>+(++

;(99(, 6'9+ 3&+(86(+, 3) && 419?18+, 6' /08+1++ /189 ;(88(, 60& 38(+( 2(*?(+3+86(4/992 )*:2)34() 954' ()*2@*('.

- É) 61)+ 1/0 6(99(2% - 23&?(*+(.

- A* 1&&92 +09, +80816& - (8(8+( P1'9+( P()?(. - D( 9(6 ') 6'9?'4 &1))* 28* /38(+8(9,3) 08+80;9 ')6(&' * +2+. C)2 ++78 +&+12, 145 (*=++8 +=8 6())*'&( )1?1&+ 6'92(+*092+78. E8/34&( 6' ';092 E8)*@& ') 6(4 2(88(++ /189 23&?(*9', 1/0 6(45

A9+(2'&++ ?12+1& (45 2') '?('4 '45(86()(9 93*+( 2(+. A*+09 (*+ 619?+<

- M'+ +((+932 6423&+%

- S(66'+, ?12+1& =& - /08)*18+ P1'9+( P()?( -, ;'*+1)+16... )(66'+...- N(6 /189 2(?/:2 /'))*+3&9' P&1/(9(-;%

A 23+ 2&1;+ )*(6( (45)*(&&( (8&45141++.

- E8/'(+936 642+ - 185+++ ?12+1&.

- E*, (* 160) 8(99( - (8(8+( P1'9+( P()?(.

A*+09 +0&)01* 1&?8+.

- C M+'1 - 619?+ -, )*(&(+938 /'))*+3&9'%

- I4(9... +( ') >@))*, P1'9+( P()?(

- D( 6'+ )'90892 1++% M';8 38:92%C M+'1 6(4/2&+ (>3+, (*+ +(++( 6'9?'4, */&;9 /18+.

- 0+ 6'+... 6'+ ')%... - 61+514+.

- F1486? )'9) &78... ?( 9(2(6 )(6... D( /34:8 ') 1++ *092 N(6 &), ?12+1& =&,145 '85(9 )*(4395 @&?@4@29(2, 6'9+ 6', *0>2 ') 8(45(9, 145 '85(9 95161&8+2, 2'29(2 634 )*:8('2 )'9)(9(2, /818 634') 6(4)*:8(++(2% E* )*0616& 6'9?'4 6(4645&0*-++89 /18+

- V189-( 2(?/:2 &0, 145 6'9?2(++(9 /(8(6 6&?>92% - 23&?(*+( A9+(2'&++ ?12+1&.

E&&( /0&+89 >098+& P1'9+( P()?( (8++9+, 64 (&28() )2 ;068+ &0, 9(6 +?/09,

9(2' ') (8 2(88-( 0889'.



- #99(8 6&?>92, ?12+1& =&% - )*788+ 6(4 /34&( P1'9+( P()?(. - D( 6' )*992+ /(993%S1)(6 )'908+92 60)+, 6'9+ (&- 3) :45())34' 6++/09512+ É) )2 9(6)*7&21*++9092 @9+ >7=+19 /45 *0>0;9...

- I?( '45(8>(9(2 - /08)*18+ A9+(2'&++ ?12+1& -, )*:2)34(6 /9 ;0+1&, 08?1*+23)*, (45(9() 3)3&+(86() (6;(&(2&(, 2'2 )(4+(+9(2 +(&/('6 /34&(>+0)0;9. S(66' 9(6 *' '?( 642+,

)(66' 9(6 /> 1? )(6. >89?72 8(9939(2 )*18408+16; 839'%- É) 6(4/87)892 *12 +(&/(2% - 23&?(*+( P1'9+( P()?(.

- A221& ') /(8(6 6&?92, =45 +(+)*'2 - (8(8+( 61)18514/ ?12+1& -, /(8(6 6&?92 >79. É) 93**32 )2, ?+9092 )*(6385*(+9(2 (45(9)=858(232(+ 2@+38(9 /')*19+=45 +(+)*'2, 145 /'))*+3&9(2 *0>2;, *+ ') 6(4+((+'2, 9908 ') '920;;, 6(&+ (43)*38(+:2&( >783+(+ ;'*+1)+12 64292.

- Ó D12+1& =& - 2'08+1++ (8 P1'9+( P()?(. - C)2 9(6 20&1*++ +3+8(9)34&( 6'92(+% N(6 ;&9092 (8/')(89', 145 )(66' )*992+ )(6 /()*'2

- Í43&(6, 995' 6920+ 292, 145 9(6 8()* 9)*2

- S*/6& - (8(8+( P1'9+( P()?( -, * >098+ '4(9 )0;+7

- V9 (88(9/(+3)(%

- T809 (45. L0+>, 6' 2(++(9 /4592 C M+'1 3) 39... U459&&78 /'?32&8 )*0&6*92,3) 95'8/09 459;;78 )80?;78, (4508+809 8(99( )80?92. "3+ )*/;38' +()+/3& /4592.C M+'1 9(6 +?9 389' P1'9+( P()?( 9382:8. P1'9+( P()?( )(6 C M+'1 9382:8G19?18>19 )2 )*'06' '2&(2&( U45(, )1)(6 8((+(++ )*3+/08)*+9' 2(+, 6(&+ *(8/08)*+0) 38(+:2;( 2(&:8+ /189. N1), 6' ') 185912 /4592, 6'9+ *12 )*'06' '2&(2...S*(&(+>:2 (4560)+, ?12+1& =&

É) P1'9+( P()?( 2(*3+ 95=>+1++ C M+'192, * 6(4 1?=*+ P1'9+( P()?(-1+

6(883&(, 6(4)*1&+1++, 6'9+ (45 45(&6(2(+.- B&0+'6 - 619?+ A9+(2'&++ ?12+1& -, )*7 )'9) &&78, 145 )*3+/08>92, 3) *+ 2&16, 145)1 9( ') /08>92 (8

- 0+ 221& (45(*)34(+ 2@+(+:92, ...

- %

- C M+'1 ;(8((45(*'2.

- M19?> '4(9+, P1'9+( P()?( - (8(8+( (&28() -, 3) 6'9?2(++92 9(/3;(9 619?1?

- J78 /9 - 45+ (85;(9 ?12+1& -, 6(4(45(*+:92, 3) 9(6 14>02 6(4;099' M0+78 2(*?/(9( 8(45(9 419?>2 )(66'&(.

- Ó, ?12+1& =&, /'450**19 - 2'08+1++ P1'9+( P()?(. - T809 9451;; 2@+(8(*(++)34(+ /0888,6'9+ 419?18>

- É) 6'3&+%

- M(&+ 6' )12; 2(&:8:92, 239+ C M+'1 C)2 9(6 2&>, 145 (* 945(/, * 39C16, ;0&6'85 2(/()(+ ') /()*+)(9 * (&(>3;8 * @9 )*18408+0;9%

- S+ *+ 2&16, 145 6(423+)*(&(**(

- A221& 954' &1680); ?@9+'

- E94(6 459 9(6, P1'9+( P()?(

- D( 23+... 0&16 3+2(*3) 919+...



- #+, +, +*, =45 2&> - (8(8+ 61)18514/ A9+(2'&++ ?12+1&. - M'9?'4 +(&+(++ )*+8 /0&>

- E* '4(9, C - 2'08+1++ P1'9+( P()?( 945 /'?069. - A221& 2(?/(?&( ((+)* 6>?

- É) @9 '), P1'9+( P()?(.

- Ó, 39 C)2 995'+ ()*(6, 6'9+ 6?0& D( 6(423&?(*(+936, ?12+1& =&< >7*9' 1492-(%

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

- E* 9(2:92 6(4(8(8, ?12+1& =& - (8(8+( P1'9+( P()?(, 3) 2(*3+ ?@&*)@8+(.

- N(6 389(2 +(94(&+8% - 23&?(*+( A9+(2'&++ ?12+1&.

- M'% - 2'08+1++ P1'9+( P()?(. - M'% P&1/(9( 45(&6(2(' "@85@221&92;9 6' 60& &+/'?32' )79212;9 9=&1*+92. N(6 M' 9(6 38:92 +(94(&+8, )(6 +(94(&' ;(+(4)34+8, (4508+809 /9 1859 F(>>(8 8((83, 80;;8 * 349(2 )*12+92 >0&9' @845('6 3)&'6, 6'(8++ >7& )*08892, )2 23+ 79'4 /34(**32 (*+ 4521&8+1+, 3) +@;;3 9(6 8()*)*:2)34:2 &&, 145 >7=+19 61)?7+08 @83 >18>92 T())32 F0&?>92 ;(8>(;;,@845('6 3) &'6, )2 (4560) +09

É) /'?06 P()?( &02(*?(++ )*120)1) 2@*@9)34+1;1&*7 &'46)'&, 6'9+ ;7?3>092 ?1;147>09 088+ /189.

- J78 /9, P1'9+( P()?( - )*788+ 6(4 ?12+1&. - N45)*(&(9 6(43&+>:2 6>? (4560)+, 3)

(8))1&;9 *+ >09816, 145 )(66'+ 9( /()*+)(9 >7 2(?3853;8 N(/())(9, '6, 9(/())(9 3)39(2(8>(9, 6(995'+ )2 +(+)*'2 A >@/ +809 (834 )*161&=)041+ +&+14+ )*0692&, (*3&+9(6 8(;():8(9? =+&/87 64 /'?06)04.

A9+(2'&++ ?12+1& ( )*/2908 =>& (82161851?1++. P1'9+( P()?( (*+ 3)*&(/(++(, 3) 6(43&(*+(,145 (99(2 * (6;(&9(2 6=8+> 945 0>?862+ &(>+, 3) (45 9 +809 ;()*38 ') 9(2' *38(+3&8.

- D12+1& =& - 619?+ (221& -, 60+78 14/ +()+()+:8-8(82()+:8 )*18408+0& 08892

- É) 60+78 14/ - (8(8+( ?12+1& - /348(4()(9 (8(85(*2(?(+9(2 2;'9>2;9. I4(9 /87-)*9, 145 93095 9'4 G&/1*0;9 3) R4*0;9 6&?12 ?( >7, 60& 61)+ 6(4)*12>02 * 38(+(+ avarená9.

- E43)*(9 ??'4, 64 9(6 /')* 6'92(+ *0>0; - +(++( 1**0 P1'9+( P()?(.

- N(2(6 9'9) *06 - (8(8+( ?12+1& -, /45 >1;;9 619?/ /9 (45, 6(85(+ 646821++6 64692, (* * 39 *06, 3) =45 2&>02, * @9@23 ') (* 8()*

- G5(&:92, C M+'1 - 2'08+1++ P1'9+( P()?( -, )*0618>2 (8 * :*8(+:92(+ L3459541?+, 9(6 +&+1*92 )(92'9(2, 3) 9(6 >+92 )?;(

E**(8 23+ ;&0+ ;=)=+ /(++ A9+(2'&++ ?12+1&+78, 3) ;()*088+ )792;, 6(85 /0&+ 2(+, 3)/'))*/'++( 4&/1*' &2&+&.

O++ *+09 23+ 7& 8++ 8(8+0&+ 23)*+(++(2, 3) 0+(94(?+32 (45 )1&)+0&)292 * (6(8/395+, )*9() /0)*92+, 945?1;1+ 3) 2')?1;1+, (* /18+ 6'9?(9 /45192. A* (43)* 9(6 +&+1++

)120'4, 3) 9(6 ') /18+ 9(3*, 3) 9(6'4(9 &1)2?1*+2 93095 1&'9+ )=850+78, 6(85(+ *)(;&(/04+2.



D( P1'9+( P()?( 6(4+&+1++ /')(8+() 2&1;++&'27>0+ 3) ;'88(9+5) +&16;'+0>0+, C M+'1 (?'4 2:&+>3+ 3) ;'&27*7?&())*3+. T=8)041)9 9((*:2&( ()(++ /189 6(4/089' (*(2+8 *()*2@*@2+8 3) 186'2+78, 6(85(2 995' )'2(&&( 3) 45*(8(6&( (6832(*+(++32 2(+. E45(+8(980?0>2 (9(23&( &(>+(++32 ( 2'9)(2(+, (;;(9 &'*+32 '947)04'2+, &+0&2+, /45') 6'9?(9(8)*(&(83):2(+.

E45 7&21& P1'9+( P()?( 3) C M+'1 60& /'))*+3&+ avarená&. A >7 1&&0;9 (45945 2;'9+ ;1)0+1++2 &(9?(82(*3):2&( - 2395(86() /18+, ) 6'9?(9 6(4/18+ ;(99(, 6' )2 )*:2)34() * &0)1*[, 145 619?1++ /'?06 '27.

A 8(4395)34 8(46(8(4(;; 14?++0);9 &3)*()+(++( 2(+, => +0&)'2+, 2'29(2 (95(4(+2+)*+&70+78 /87 6(46(9(2:83):2(+ 2@)*@9(++32.

P1'9+( P()?( 3) C M+'1 60& 3&2(*3):221& +)*+8++02, 145 >72195 6'++9(6 2(88 )>9089'2 &1/(9(-' &39 21950>0+.

- L0+1?, C M+'1 - 619?14++ P1'9+( P()?(, 6'2@*;(9 (8@&'9+(++ (45 10& >7 )+' ;1&+ -, 6(4(8(8 /')(82(?3))(8 6'9?(9+ (8 8((+ 3&9'. D( 8(419+1);; 6(4(8(8 /')(82(?3)

C M+'1 )2 (>3+ ;7814++ (8(8(+23(9, 6(&+ )*0>0+ +(8(+@6+( (45 +86) ?&; ):8+)1920/8, 6(85 23+ +:2@&+1>0))8 (45:++ (8+9+ 4516& 638539.

- M(221& ;(/3+(8:92 8(99(, C16 - 619?+ P1'9+( P()?( -, (45)*(& * (/3)' +?1-60951?+ 6++90? ;(



IV. BÁTHORY ISTVÁN ÖZVEGYE

A9+(2'&++ ?12+1& 3&2(*3)( 945 1&+ /(&+ (8 9(6)2 R4*0;9, 9(6 * (43)* ?860+ &+/'?32(9. A* =>)0412 &0/(+(++32 642+ (&&( *)026095&, &:8 ?+02, 145 23+0&;11)

;(+1++ 4&/1*' 2'2@+;(, ?( *+09 ') (45 )1& )0;+7 &'1&+1+ &(638+(2 +8(. A avarena+8>?191) 45 9(6 +?1++ (86(9(2:89' 6(4+')*+(8+(+3) (88, 3) 459221& &93//(8 >0&72395(86(+8(9)34(2(+ )(6 +?+ (82(&:89'. Á889?79 &78 ;()*38+(2. I++ ') )*0&950& /(++( 619?. N(6 +?+02, 2')1?, 1999 >@++, 1/0 6(45. E* )2 634 >1;;9 (8)'40*+ * (6-

;(&(2 2/09)')040+. É) +(&63)*(+()(9 6'21& )(92' )(6 +? ;'*+1)+, 23*(8(+ (8)*;?8, 3)(*+ 2')*908>, * (6;(&(2 (?'4 992 ')*9(2, 2' 8(4>1;;9 3&+():8+9(2 80+)*'2.

A &'1&+(&(2 2' 2&+02 (834+(9' 18/)7'2+, (*3&+ G&/1*0; )'(++(2 - 930959 634 23+0&;11) (?38*(+3&( ') (8>+1++2. D( 9(6 '889+++02 6(4 *+ )*(6385+, 2'/(8 2@*/38(6395 185 62)8 148821*1++. A &9) +0&1*1++ /18+. A ?12+1& 9(6 14?1++)(92'+. E*3&+ N&)1) 2'+09592 80+14+72 23&?3)('&( ?1++ /08)*' /08+1*+898 (451&609

94*1++2<- D( 1993+ >@++ ?12+1&%

- A1993+ +(+)*(++ 9(2'.

- É) 1/0 6(45%

- A1/0 2(?/( +&+>.

- D( 0+ 2' ') (* ?12+1&%

- S(92' 9(6 +?>, 3) +809 64 )(6 +?> >1;;9, 6'9+ 2'2 (*+ 23&?(*'2

N(6 2@995 +0>321*++9' * 18/)72+ '85(9 2&+ /08)*12 8>09. E*3&+ +(0+ )*;?>0&

(94(?(++ 23*(8(+ 9+0*' /'8040;9 2(*?(++ )*;?19 289?1*9'. A9+(2'&++ ?12+1&;786'9?(92' *+ &41++, 6'+ )2 2&+. M'9?(9 /18+, 6'+ )2 23+)34;(()(++ 2&79'20)1292 2(?/:2 )*1++59+ 2'+8089'. E45()(2 *+ &+02 &78, 145 287*/(*3&. M0)12 )*(&'9+ 945 &'2'

;'&1?816 2'&085, 2' '92149'+7;9 +*'2, 145 +)*+8+12+ 45>+)@9. V18+, 2' *+ 088-+1++, 145 18'+'2' 6(9(2:8+, 60) 6(4, 145 1&&?816 *+( (8 *0>0;78, ) '81*7)239+6(4 2/09)')04;78 >0&> /'8041+. T(0+ ;/(9 8((+(++ /08)*+9'. A 9(/( 6(88(++ 0887 ?12+1&'6&8 634 *1292 ') 60) 3) 60) /38(6395:2 /18+, 2'2 (8')6(&+32 ( 6 )*908+092

>141))040+< (45()(2 /38(6395( )*(&'9+ 945 1&/1), 2' &(6395+(8(9 ()(+(2;(9 ') )1?08+1)96(445745+1++ ;(+(4('+ 60)12 =45 /38+32, 145 8(49451;; 2&*)87, 3) ;'*195 9(3*(85*(+;( 2(&:8, ;( 2(88 6++9' 128(/(8('+ /45 ?'8160'+

M'9?(9()(+&( 4&/1*' 3) &4*' 1&/1)1292 9(6 958+ 82862 &&, 145 2&*)80) 639

(8>(8(9+)32. A ?12+1& 0889?79 &(9?2/:8 +&+7*21?7 /18+, 3) 6'21& 1&/1)' +90)1+ 23&+(2 +8(, 6(4+')*+(8+(+3) (88 6'9?'4 2'+3&+.

":8@9;(9 avarena +8>?191) 9(6 ;3&(8+ 820)+ )*0&*@8?@9. M34 )2 )*0881?' )*1;0+)(6 /(++ 2' /0&1);9. G&/1*' +&+7*21?0)092 (8) 23+ 9>09 8(4(8>(;; R4*0'4 6(9+ (8.C)2 93095 )3+0+ +(++ 2@&9532(9, 3) 23+-0&16 8281668 P1'9+( P()?(-1+ ') 640/8/'++(, 2'9(2 +(&63)*(+() 3)*>0&0)0+ )12& +&+1++.

D( 64 9(6 ') 6(9+ (8 R4*0;, (45 9 P1'9+( P()?(-1+ 2:8?+( (8. V86' ;'*86)6(4;*0)+ ?1++ 9(2' - +809 3&?(28?9'( 2(88(++ /86' +09 -, 3) ?(&32 '= /'))*+3&+(21& )1&>0;9 /08)*18+ (8+(++ 23&?3)(2&(.

- S*7/8 S+&?1939 82'2%





- A 9(/(6 B1&1) - (8(8+( * @&(4(6;(& -, B0+1&593 )*18408+0;9 08812, ) 2:8?@++, 145+80821*7+ 23&>(2 @9+8...

- B0+1&593% - ')63+(8+( ?12+1&. - A992 645&92 (8()34( /189, 2' 38(+3/(8 '*(+(++*')0403&+%...

- Ő * - /08)*18+ * @&(4(6;(&. - É) >788((+, @9 )1)(6 80++, 8((+(+8(9, 145 9( ')6(&>(,')*(9 @9 A9+(2'&++ ?12+1&

A9+(2'&++ ?12+1& '45(86()(9 884++ * @&(4 )*1840+, 2' 634 6'9?'4 8():+@++ )*(66(8 088+(8++(. A* 1&/1) 6'9+ *19 +@&(94(++ /189, />19 9(6 &(>+*'2-( /86' 0+)7 419?18+ ()*/2 6@4@++.

A*+09 45 185+++<

- M'+ 2& +8(6 B0+1&593%

- #99(2 +?9' 2(88, ?12+1& =&, 6'3&+ )*(&(+9( @99(8 ;()*389'.

- M(480+14+16.

- J1;; )*(&(+9( >@99' >7&.- M'3&+%

- F19+1), 145 ;()*384(+3) +'+12;9 6&?>19.

- T'+12;9%... "' (8++%

- A ' (8++ P3+(& =&92 9(6 )*;? 6(4+?9', 145 B0+1&593 14?+ @9+

M'9+ /08)* 6(48(+( /189 ?12+1&+ ?( (*+ 9(6 6+++ B1&1)92.

- I920;; 39 2(&()(6 (8 B0+1&593+ * 1++190;9 - 185+++ -, 9(6 6((+932 185921&,6'21& ' 9'9) 1++19%

- D( 8((+, ?12+1& =&, 60& 189 >89?7 (8>@99'. B0+1&5 P3+(& 6 Z0&0; +*'2, 3))*199345 7&09 ;(8:8 9(6 >@9 /'))*.

- É) 6' B0+1&5 P3+(& 148821*0)%

- M3&9@2, ?( 61)+90'4 9(6 +?1++ (8(85(*2(?9'. Ó, * 38(+ 9(6 /18+ 2@995 )(6 95>092,)(6 9(2'

- N(6 /18+ 2@995... - ')63+(8+( ?12+1& A9+(2'&++. - B0+1&59392 9'9) >@/(?(86(...

E8884+1++. A* @&(4(6;(& 8(>+1++ (>3+, 6(883+ *12140) &0*+.

- D12+1& =& - )*788+ 6(4 /34:8 -, 9(6 619?+12 @99(2 +@;;(+. B0+1&593 *3&+ 23&+(

+80821*0)+, 145 (8619?>19 @99(2 6'9?(9+, 6'+ 6(4+?+.A ?12+1&92 (&)(9 2(88(++ &821?9' 6409, 145 9( 6+)) 2' 6(4+1++)040+.

- 18 82'2 B0+1&593% - 23&?(*+(.

- R4*0;9 S+&?19( 9(45(?;(9, M&'9(88 + HK. )*06 8++.

- O?* +80816 B0+1&593+ 189 (45 3) 23+ 7& 2@*@++%

- I4(9, ?12+1& =&, 6>? 39 95'+12 2+.

- M19?> 6(4 B0+1&59392, 145 )*06++ &06 6(4;()*38+ '?;(9.

- "@)*@9@6 * 9(/3;(9 - (8(8+( * @&(4(6;(&. A*+09 936' ;1*0) +09 1**0+(++(< -

E823*(8(+, 145 /86' )*/())34(+ )*(&(+9( @9+8 23&9'...- É) 6'21& 2(88(9( 6(4+(99(6% - 23&?(*+( 38392(9 ?12+1&.



- A*+ 9(6 +?16 - (8(8+( B1&1).

M>? 80*+1)9 6(4>18+, ) (8'9?8+ 4&/1*' =+19 R4* (83.

A* @&(4 )*184 +18)7 )*/' 95'8/09 6(48(+32 A9+(2'&++ ?12+1&+. M1*?8+898 088+ &2&+19, ) 93*+( +0/181?7 B1&1)+. A >7& 3&/( 2'6(9+ ?1++ P1'9+( P()?(-92 3) C

M+'192, *+09 ;(*0&27*1++ )*1;0>0;, (45(?:8 2/09+ 6&?9' 9 0+&8(/ &3)*3;(9.P1'9+( P()?( 3) C M+'1 '4*' +2(39*()(2239+ )*908+02 2' 0+ )*;?)041+. M34*+ * @&@6(+ )(6 +4?+02 6(4 642+78, 145 ;(6(9>(9(2 /0)0& (45'2-60)'2 6++/0951);7?3>0;. D( +3/(?3) 8(99( *+ '99', 145 :&4( ;17 9(6 >@++ 2)3&+3);(,145 2' 9( 12+))19 186' :45(+8(9 2@+38+091)+, 3) 945 (&28()92 9(6 8(++ /189 2(?/(&3)*+ /(99' ;'&27*7 /(&)(95(2(9. D( (45'2:2 )(6 (8(>+(++( (8, 145 avarena )*(6385-*(+3(* +&+1*92, 3) (* 945 +')*+())34. Í45 6(46&?+2 (45)*(& 93*9(2, 3) 9(62&21?+2 +))8, 6'21& 2163?'0)12 6(43&?(6(8+32.

M0)9 ?12+1& 2(/3))(8 ?38' +'*(923+ 7& (8++ &+& /'+(++( 640+. C)792>0+ /'))*2:8?+( >71*, *+09 &0+3&+ G&/1*0;78 R4*0; /(*(+ =+& - && )*3, &+ 6(9+' )40&=+&,6(85(+ 23+ 2'8163+(& 1))*=)04;9 /'8802 )*(4385(*9(2, 3) 02 0&95321892.

A )40&=+ 634 9(6 /18+ 1859 38392, 6'9+ 93095 7&0/8 23);;, 6'21& (88(' 14+12, )3+0872 3) 81/4872 )12)04.

A ?12+1& && 419?18+, 145 +80821*'2 B0+1&593/8, ) * (45'2 6(8832)1&19 8?+ (8&()26& B1&41-P'883(* 3&2(*(++, (* 61859 2838(, 6(85 &4*' (&?+3)(2 0&6)/3?)0909 2/:8 =*7?'2. A 2 95'+/ 088+, 3) 0&16 /0&819 0+8?/ * (6;(& ;(>++1++ /0&1);.

A S+&?19(, /0&1) 2'2@/(*(++ +0> B1&41-P'883+8 P81( 2:8/0&1)'4 /(*(+, 3) 0+)*(8'* (43)* /0&1)+. E45 ?16; +@/3;(9 2')*38()(?'2, 18 0*2 6'+(0+&61* )198793:8+(2 (4560) @83. A* + /343;(9 088 >?9' ?7*)(-81+, !V. )*0*?;(8' )*3 3:8(+,

;(8) ?/&&8, &(9()*09)* 1)*81)&91228, 382@&/() ;821228, 6(85(29(2 2&)= 2')1)*81' +1)*209 3+6/3)*(+ 8(4)*(;; 21&)*20& (6832(*+(+9(2.

A ?12+1&92 9(6 ') 2(88(++ (??'4 +3&'4 (86(99'(. A M&'9(88 +, 6(85&8 B1&1) * (8*9 ;()*38+ 9(2', ;8 (83 958+, S+&?19( 2@*(( +0>09. M1)+ 6(48))+1++ 83+3+, 64 451&)

'889+0)+ /(+(++ (45 4&09'+;78 3:8+ (82(8 0*&, 6(859(2 4*?419 ?)*+(++ 16812*+ 3)?(&32)*@4;(9 1**0'88()*2(? 6(88323:8(+(' >1;; 18?819 (6(82(?+(2. A 2 61)+ 95'+//18+, 3) 160) 14+= =&' 21)' 088+ ;(9+, 21)'))8 ;219, (45 (8(409) /(&9? (8>0&7>(8++ (?'4 (45 '9) ()*+(++.

"')/0&++/ (45 3&' )*088+ ;( 21)';, 81/2 451&)9 /34'4/04+++2 * ?/&19, 3) 2 ;(*0&8+ 6@4@++:2.

A 21)';9 :8 )*(6385 )*78+1++ 6(4 0&16 98 *(8++ A9+(2'&++ ?12+1&+ 4&/1*'&2&+19, 3)(?'4 >?9' +&'()*+' ;920&, T1&19+08 S'619.

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A* (45'2 21&60951) (8/(++( 20&+50+, 3) (8+9+ 0+)7 )*8191* /(*(+ (?(++ 83)9.

E45 (&(8 23);; /'))*>@++, 3) >(8(9+(++(, 145 ?12+1& 60& /0&> B0+1&5 P3+(& &+.

A '+8(6;(&+ *1998 ;(/(*(++32 (45 )*819;, 1/0 )2 ?(&(94 395 +18+ ;(, *+ ')6(4)*&+( &0)1) ;8219 8747 2@995 :44@95. D( 6'21& * '>= * >+7 (83 3&+, 6(859(2 6'9?23+ )*0&95 95'+/ /18+, )*1; /343;(9 0887 +:2@&;8 /'))*/(&? 395 (&)(96(4/'804+1++ 82>0+.

A9+(2'&++ ?12+1& 3816085;9 :8+ (45 68419. B0+1&5 I)+/09 '092 6(4>(8(93)(21& 6(4'9?80) /(++ &>+ (&+, ?( (*+ P3+(& 9(6 /(++( 3)*&(, ?12+1& (?'4 )*'9+( 2&+898 (*+)++14+<

- E* ... E43)*(9

É) )2459, B0+1&5 P3+(& > 38 60) /18+, '85(9 8((+(++ (* 645& 9(6() )*1923+3/() 21&0;9< )*(63;8 459(* * (& )40&*1++< 459(* 9(6() +&+0), 459(* +(2'9+(+,45945 +?1++ 8(82()(?9' >73&+, '4*3&+, )*33&+.

- B0+1&5 =& - )*788+ 6(4 ?12+1&, 3) (82(8+ -, 94519 @&:8@2, 145 (8(4(+ +(++ 6(4/0-)1692.

É) ?/&') '9+3)3&( B0+1&5 P3+(& 8(:8+ )*819 60)'2 )&20;9.A ?12+1& '+8(6;(&&(8 +(&63)*(+()(9 9595(8/39, 645&8 ;()*38+.

- U&6 - 619?+ B0+1&5 P3+(& -, 221& ') (8>@++(6 /189, 9(6 / 6(4 >7>0&, 145/')*191**6 9506908 +(++ 80+14+0)0+. T?16, 145 *12 2@*:8 * ')6(&(+8(9 ;&0+'92 2@*:8/87, 2'29(2 06 ) /(8( (45:++ 6(48+ 23+ *' (6832( ?&04... "@)*@9@6, 1456(4&'*+( 2(+ )*/3;(9

A145 P3+(& (8'?3*+( (*+ 60& 6())*' 6=8++, 145 >0&78 3) ;&0+'&78, S09?1& M0+50)4&7&78 3) S*+60& L0)*87&78 ;()*38+, 9(6 +?+ (8&(>+(9' 6(4+1++)040+.

- B1)0))19 6(4, &6 - >(45(*+( 6(4. - ()*(6;( >+, 145 6'+ +(++(2, 9(6 088+16 6(4,145...

N(6 3&(*+(, 145 A9+(2'&++ ?12+1& +809 634 908 ') >1;;9 (83&*32(95:8+, 3) )2 *3&+ 9(6(8(8+ *1998, 145 )(66'+ (8 9( 0&8>19 ;;78, 6' 8(823;(9 *>8'2.

- B0+1&5 =& - )*788+ 6(4 /34:8 -, 9'9) 6'+ 6(4;1)0+916 )*'9+( 0>?8603&+. ":8@9;(9 '),@9;(9 645& /3& ;*14, 3) 18 * 645& '>=, 2'9(2 9( )*1&89 @))*( )*/( '85(9(6832(2+8 A;;9 * '?;(9, +'*(9@+ 3/( - '4(9, 60& +'*(9@+ 3/( - @9 634 94519 '+8 /18+.

N(6'4(9 (6832(*(+ +5>0& ) *12& * ()(6395(2&(, 6(85(2;(9 &3)*+ /(++.

- A9506 )*2)*+1++ 1859, 6'9+ , &6 - (8(8+( B0+1&5 P3+(&. - A992 3&'92 +')*+(8(+3;(9 9(/(8+, 2'+ *7+ ') 0889?79 )'&+. M'9?*+, 6'+ 06 +(++, 6(42)3&(8+, (*+ *(43)* 38(+(+, 6(85(+ * @/3'3&+ 3&*(++ 08?1*+23)*)34 ) *0> '&09+ 3&*(++ 18+++89 )34

+1++ 0+, * 9506+78 ')6(&+(6 6(4. M34 )2 9518?'2 ()*+(9?6;(9 >0&+6, 6'21& 066(48+, ?( 39 =45 3&*(6, 634 6'9?'4 38, 9506;9 38 +1/0;;



- $45 )*(&(+' 0+ * 95>0+, 145 6(4 ') 3&?(68', B0+1&5 P3+(& - (8(8+( A9+(2'&++ ?12+1& -, 6' (?'4 (45 /3&+9= @*/(453+ +')*+(8>:2 ;(99(

P3+(& )2 2@)*@9(+(+ 619?+1++ ?12+1& 3&*3)('3&+. S*/?1;14/ 884++, 3) ;()*3?>(2@*;(9 3)*&( )(6 /(++( *+ +(&63)*(+() /45 )*09?3218+ '?(4)34(+, 6(85 >(88(6( 8/(++8>?19)04092 +9+.

- )*;? 23&?(*9(6 - 185+++ -, @9 )*(6385()(9 ') ')6(&+( 06+%

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É?()95> +90)'/8 )(4+(++(, 3) 419?1)21?0)0/8 /(++( 2@&:8

6(4&7;08++0)12 '?(>39. M'9?(9 ))*195' (&395 6(4/18+ ;(99(, 6'9+ 3?()+5>0;9 ') 6'9?(93&'(&395. B1)0))19 6(4, P3+(& =&, 145 (8'?3*(6 ( 0>?86) (6832(2(+, ) )2') *3&++(++(6, 6(&+ @9 9(6 *12 2@*3 +&+1*'2, 2'2 (8 +?>02 2(+ (8(>+(9'

- N(6, &6, 9(6 - /08)*18+ '+8(6;(& * '>=21& +=80&?7 (/3/(8. - A6'9+ M45&-1&)*04 )(6 (8(>+' (8 )1 *+ 0&16 3&'=+, 2' 38(+3+ 08?1*+ 3&+(, S*+60& L0)*87+, B0+1&5I)+/09+ 3) +809 8(4/26(&;;(+, S09?1& M0+50) 4&71+.

- /18+ ') 8(4/26(&;; - (8(8+( ?12+1& -, '445( (8, 145 23+ ;&0+> )(6 6&?+ (86@4@++( )(6 1??0);9, )(6 08?1*+23)*)34;(9, )(6 ;0+1&)04;9. E45&09+ +')*+(8(+(+3&?(6(89(2 6'9?0&69. E45&09+ ;1))*=& / 6'9?0&16...

A ?12+1& '++ (8884+1++. A*19 +@&(94(++, />19 B0+1&593 (8619?+-( P3+(&9(2, 6'85(92@&:86395(2 2@*+ ?+02 (8 * @))*(()2:/3) 0&16 /(*(+>3+, 2'(>+(++(-( (8++( *+ )*7+<0&80)... D( '+8(6;(& (99(2 9(6 ?+ +9=>(83+.

V87>0;9 B0+1&593 9(6 ;()*38+ 9(2' (&&8. N5'8/09 9(6 2&+ 458@8(+(+ 18+9' '0;, 3)()(+8(4 6') 9516& /(*(+9', ')*(9 * 0&872 9(/3+ )(92' )(6 ')6(&+(.

A ?12+1& =45 /38+( 0+, 145 >(8(9 ()(+;(9 + ') 4591859 63&+32+&+0) 2@+(8(*', 3) 9(6 ')(&)2@?@++.

D( *+ 634)(6 ;1*1++ (8619?9', 145 )9518 9?1&+7 0&821?0) 9382:8 - 2' (8?+ *A9?&( F(&&+1 80)* 0*0;9 6(9(?32(+ +808+ )*@2(/395(2(+ - 94519 /87)*9, 145S09?1& M0+50) 3) B0+1&5 I)+/09 6(46(9(2:89(2 &1/'497' &(9?&@2 (88. S (45)*(&

0+>+92 * 1)*+&02 +0&19, 6'9?(45, 1/0, 6'9?(9:++ +0&+ 2&1228 14?>02 2(+.- N086 - +(++( 1**0 - 1859 6(9(?32(+ +808+2 /189 38(+:2 /343'4

- M(85'2 1&)*04;9, &6% - 23&?(*+( P3+(&.

- "(88'9'0;9, 1++ +&+7*21?+6 ;;9 * '?;(9.

- I4(9 A J79-)*'4(+(2(9 4@&@4 *0)*87 /3?(86( 8++ 6(46(9(2:8+(2 /189, 3) 06 6346'9?'4 389(

145 45 /'))*295&1?+2 6=8+;, 93095 '889+& +0&)840) 6(4)*2?+. D( ?12+1& =>& ;(8(2(*?(++<

- P3+(& =&, (6832('92 6())*( )1?1&+2 6'92(+ >(8(9+8. A2&>, 145 )*7+ (>+):92 (&&8 '), ?(

2:8@9@)23(9 &&78 >@/&8, 6(85(+ @99(2 )*0912%



- 884+16, &6 - (8(8+( P3+(&. - L(/(83;(9 3&+3)(6&( ?+, 145 9(+09 3&?(2('6&8 ')...

- $45 /9, B0+1&5 =&, +?16, 6'85(9 )12 08?1*++8 9(/(8+( @9+ 3?()95>, *+ ') +?16, 145@9 )(6 /18+ 638++89 1**0, 3) 995' 2(6395 6(4&7;08++0) +09 (6;(& /08+ @9;8...

- E6;(& - (8(8+( B0+1&5 P3+(& 2()(&(9. - O859 (6;(&, 2' 634 9(6 +? 6(40889' +809,

3) 9(6 +?> 6(408089' * 95>092, 6'+ 3&+( +(++- L((+)34() - (8(8+( ?12+1& -, ?( 21&09+)(6 @9 ';0). J78 +?16, 6'85(9 9(3* 0880)+ +8089';;9 /(&)(943);(9, 18 995'9 +:8(2)*(9(2 185 2(/3) (853&+. #9 63&9@2%

- I4(9, &6. M3&9@2' 128(/(8(+ )*(&(*+(6, ?( )*;? 63&9@2 /4512, )(66' 2)18+16)'9) * 088668. Í45 64692 2(88 0880)+ 2(&()9(6 /86(85'2 '&' /0888+908, ?( 6'9? (*'?('4 )(66' 6(4(8(8+ 9(6 +808+6 - 8(480;;') R4*0;9.

- É) 60)18%...

- M0)18... - (8(8+( B0+1&5 P3+(&, ) 2')'+ ;1*9' 80+)*1++, 6'(8++ (8(8.

- I4(9... V45 9(6 '85(9 :45;(9 +*1++ Z0&0;, 912;9%

- C)2459 881++6 (45 0880)&78, 6(85(+ (45 /)'&' +0&))04908 2+932.- N1 3) * 0880)%

- F(8>0981++02.

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- A* 39 9506, &6, 6'9?(9:/3 /(8(6 >@99(, 1/0 )2 6(99(6 2(88.

- A221& 6'3&+ 9(6 14?+ (8 *+ (85(+% - 44++ +1/0;; ?12+1&.

- U&6 - (8(8+( '+8(6;(&, - >(8(98(4' 2@&:86395(2 2@*@++ 216185 1212 2@+9(2 R4*01*

A145 '= (*+ 619?+, ?12+1& /86' */&+ /(++ 3)*&( B0+1&5 P3+(& &09. 94> ')6(4&(6(4(++, 6'21& &&78 2/09)040&78 - +@;; 6'9+ 2/09)04&78 -, &&78 * (8+0&1*0)0&78

;()*38+, 145 9(6 45> (8 R4*0+. M' /18+ 0+ * )=851) 12, 6(85 && 23)*+(++(, 145/'))*+)+) (8>0981++ 0880)+%

- A221& * 39 >098+16+ )(6 +?> (814?9' - 185+++ A9+(2'&++ ?12+1& -, 6(85&8 ;()*389'2&+6 @99(8.

- E8 2(88(9( +*916%...

- I4(9... ;; * 1&)*04;, 18 6(4;*0)16;78 >(8(9+) 69208+12 18592, ;18?14 8(++(6/189, @9 /()*' 0+ '&095+0)2+.

- S>90816, &6, ?( '445( (8, (&&( * (8+0&1*0)& >+1++6...

- E8')*(6, P3+(& =&, 3) +809 >1;;9 )>90816, 6'9+ @9 $45 @&:8+(6 /189, @9&( /'(+(6 0+*+ )*(&(+(+(+, 6(85(+ 3?()> '&09+ 3&(*+(6

B0+1&5 P3+(& 9(6 /08)*18+. V86' ;(8) & ?=8+ ;(99(, 80++79 )*(9/(?(++ - 3) 9(6 ')2')'+. A ?12+1& 3&(*+(, 145 ;()*389' )*(&(+9(, )2 9(6 6(&. D( /34:8 ') (88(9088++89 3&*3))1?1&+ B0+1&5 P3+(& ( (83 * (6;(& (83, 2';8 995' &1219)*(9/ 0&?+ * 95> '&09+ 3)'&09+.

- U&6, &6... - +@&+ 2' ;(88( * (83&*32(95:83), 6'+ 9(6 ') '45(2(*(++ (8+'+2189'. - N(419?18>, 145 /86' )*()*385 /45 62)21?0) 6'++ +)+16 /'))*... #9 =45 ;()*38+



1**06, 6'9+ B0+1&5 I)+/09 (45'2 ;&0+>... #9 &06 2/09> 0+/'99' (*+ * (43)* ;&0+)041+...É9 ') 45 3&*(2, 91 )2 93095 (&( ')6(&(6 @9+... I4(9, * )*(&(+(+ +@8+ (8 @99(8)*(6;(9, 6'9+ 6(85(+ 06 '&09+ 3&(*+(6 /189...

- P3+(&... 45(&6(2(6... - 2'08+1++ (8 ?12+1&, 3) 6(4&4?+ '+8(6;(& 2(*3+.

- I4(9, &6... - 185+++ B0+1&5 P3+(&. - M'9?(9+ (8619?12 @99(2... S*(&(+(2 (45 8095+, 2'(;;(9 /0&1);9 82'2... S*2?32 +0+194 2@*+:92, )*(4395)34 3) 4*?4)04 2@*@++... D(39 9(6 2&+6 6(480+9' (*+ )*2?321+, 3) +809 )(6 80++. B0&6'85(9 &'+209 '889++16') 6(4 * +09 /45 * ;820;9, 1859 ;18?14)041+ )*(&(*, 6(85&8 9(6 +?932 8(619-?9'... A )*+ 419?18++78, 145 (8 2(88(9( 6(99(6, 1))*= '?&( (86(99(6, 6(4;1819-?8932... Ó... &6... 3&+)(9 6(4... 3) ;1)0))19 6(4, /'))*+)+16...

- I4(9, P3+(& - (8(8+( A9+(2'&++ ?12+1&. - É&+(6 @9+, 3) 9'9) ') 6'+ 6(4;1)0+916. J78 +(++(,145 (43)*(9 )*'9+39 ;()*38+ /(8(6, ?( (45 2@&:86395 81)9 6(4/08+1*+++> ?18412+... É?()95> +?> (*+, 6'&8 61)+ 9(2(6 )*7+ (>+(++%

- M34 9(6 )*78+6 9(2', &6 N(6 6(&+(6, 6(&+ )*(4395 38(+/')*195'92 2@*@++ +809 ;(99(8(++ /189 995' ;@8)())34, 145 (8/()* +8(6 6'9?(9 &(6395+... D( +809 2'+808+ 3)6(43&+(++(, 6(995'+ )*(9/(?(2... 6(995'+ 2(88 )*(9/(?9(6

- P3+(& - 619?+ ?12+1& -, @9 ;'*81668 /18+ 1**06, 3) (*+ >78 +(++(... G*?4 (* 8(095%...

- N4519 4*?4... T=8 4*?4 - (8(8+( '+8(6;(&. - I4(9 1**06 +=8 4*?4

- M38+7 @9@2@*%

- Ó, &6 E)*(6;( )(6 >+1++ /189, 145 1859 8(095+ /'45(2 95061*, 2' 9(6 638+71**0

- N1), P3+(& - 185+++ ?12+1& -, +809 9'9) ') 1859 )*2?32, 6(85(+ 9(6 8((+ 0+'?89'

- U&6 - 2'08+1++ (8 '+8(6;(&. - N( 3;&())*(9 ;(99(6 '= &(6395+

- '= &(6395+

A145 A9+(2'&++ ?12+1& (*+ )*7+ 2'619?+, 221& @9;'*86+ 0&8+ (8, 145 B0+1&5 P3+(& )*'9+( +(8>()(9 2')(&38?@++, >(8(9 3) >@/ &092 '++( 640+.

- I4(9, P3+(& - 185+++ ?12+1& -, 8(45(9 ;'*86 ;(99(6... 6>? 8286)92 +38' * '?+&0, 6(4619?> 9(2(6 (99(2 809592 9(/3+, 145 +(())(2 /86'+...

- U&6 - (8(8+( B0+1&5 P3+(& -, 6'3&+ 9( 619?906 6(4 @99(2%... T1&19+08 2')))*195

A ?12+1&92 1859 (&()*+3)+ 2(88(++ +(99'(, 145 ( 458@8+ 93/ 88+0& 6(4&'**(954860+, 6'9+ 2'9(2 1&& (83 ) 6(9952, ?( *3&+ 9(6 &(**(9+ @))*(. E45 )*(6(&95'+,93095 60)1?(&'4 )09, 61*?8+8990 /08+ 3) (89368+.

A*+09 9382:8, 145 8(4)(2385(;; '*486+ 0&8+ /189 (8 94><

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B0+1&5 P3+(& (845+ )*819+, ?12+1&+ (45(?:8 45/ (86(9+ (?38*(+&(, *+09 ;()*088+ )792;, 6(85 60& /0&+ 83) 8(>0&+0908, (8/'+(++( 640+ 6787&, 3) &0+3&+ &4*'=+&.

A* '?(4(9 9, 2' avarena (?38*(+39 +@&+39+ (43)* 80+14+0) 8++ /0&+, =>& 2@/(+9'2(*?+(.



B0+1&5 P3+(& /86' 945 6(4954/0)+ 3&*(++. V34:8 2'+0&+ )*/3+. R0;*++ 640+ (45 ;&0+&... +809 +@;;&( '), 6'9+ ;&0+& O859 ;18?14 9 /18+ (*, 6'85(99(8 =45 2&21?'2 @8?@9 )*(&(9)(

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VI. A #ATTAR!I"ÖBÖL

Í45 /34*(+, 6(85 6'9?'4 ?@9+ )=8858 ()'2 8+; ( /'804 ?184';9, 459;; /0&1);,R4*0; 1*+ @))*( B0+1&5 3) T1&19+08 )80?1+. N(6)2 @))*(1*+, ?( 634

(4560)1* 2@*(8 ') (85(*+( (8 2(+, ')*(9 459;;9 9(45(?;(9 82+2, S+&?19(/0&1)&3)*;(9. A*+09 T1&19+08 S*0/ 3) B0+1&5 P3+(& 6(480++02 3) 6(4)*(&(++32 (4560)+ -P3+(&, 992 * (6;(&9(2 ', 2'+ 0&80) 2:8?@++ 808;, 3) S*0/, 992 3&'=92 8095, 2' * 0&87 /18+

E*+ 419?18+ A9+(2'&++ ?12+1&, 6'21& '+8 63&9@2 640& 45+<

P3+(& &(63995(8 +(8/( 6(45 61)+ *, 3) (*+ &(6395+, 6(85 (??'4 '095*1++ * 38(+3;8, 393;&()*+(++(6 ;(99([

O859 (6;(& /18+-( ?12+1&, 2' 2@95@&+(8(9 &; )*088 /34*(+ (88(9% É&*(++-( (834 (&+640;9, 145 2&+ )*(&'9+ &(9?(**( (8 * (6;(&' 38(+ ()(6395('+% L()*-( ;(99( (834 (&,1859 8(82'(&, 6(885(8 8( +?> 45*9' /34*(+(+%

- N(6 ":*?(9' 1412 - 2'08+1++. - E* )*(&(8(6 458@8(+(), ;9@) 145 B0+1&5 P3+(& 6>?6'9+ T1&19+08 S'619 /(>( +?> 6(4 (45 9 * '4*)041+, 3) 634 )2 6(4 )(6 ;1))*8+>>0+ C)2 @9640/8 /34(*(+9( 23+)34;(()3)3;(9 2(88, 6'9?(9+ (8619?12 9(2'...E8619?16, 6'+ +(++ (* )80? * @/3/(8... A20&1459 '), (99(2 )*(&(8(69(2 /34(+ /(+(2

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M1)+ 60& 6(4 2(88(++ 45745+9' P3+(&+, (8619?9' 9(2' 6'9?*+, 6'+ 9(6 ') )(>+(++, 1459?1&+7 0&80) >++++ 2172 2(*3&( +5>0+ 3) 23+ +0&)0+, 2@*@89' 2(88(++ /(8( * 0&872 9(/3+/34:8 (?'4 +0&)8 2(88(++ 088+9' 2@95@&+(8(9 +38;&7 6(883, 2'9(2 )*(&(3+ ?12+1& 2&+

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Í45 0+ 8(419+1);; B0+1&5 P3+(& 4574580) /18+, ) +(8>()(9 (99(2 4574580)92 2&+)*(9+(89' 640+.

A )*'4(+&( )*088+0)092 (8) (+3;(9 P3+(& /87;9 38(+-808 2@*@++ 8(;(4(++. N(6)2 )(;( ;'*1958+ 94519 )=851)92, ?( 8(82'0881+ 634 &1))*;; /18+. S*0/ (6832(, 2'+ 60& S0&2095 (8()3439(2 '++, 3?()95>, 2' )'&+> +, *+09 * A9+(2'&++ ?12+1& 9(/3+ /')(8S09?1& M0+50) 4&7 (8+06?0) - S09?1& M0+50)3, > 8(4/(;; ;&0+>03 -, 6'9?(* (834 /18+1*, 145 6(4*/&> 60& 6=45 ') 6(4/')(8+ 2(?3850881+0+.

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640+. E* /18+ (8?+.



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- "3);;, 23);;

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E* )(4+)34 P1'9+( P()?( /18+, 2' (451&6 )*(&(+(++(8 &4)*21?1++ B0+1&5 P3+(&(* 3) ?12+1&1*. M40+78 3&+(+?'2, 145 C M+'1 ') 3) ') 8(4+(8>()(;; +'+12;9 +&+1++02 6'9?*+, 6' &4*' +(6(+;(9 +@&+39+, 3) )1)(6 0&8+02 (8 )(92'9(2, 145 '+8(6;(&+38/( =*+02 2' )&>0;78.

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+@&+39+. M0& (*3&+ ') 38392 3&?(28?3)+ 6++1++ ;(+(4 '&09+. B0+1&5 P3+(& )*(&(86(, 6(85(+S0&2095 2@*;(833)( */&+ 6(4 - *3 4*(6;(&3, 2' 638+09 /08+1++ 2' (88(9)*(9/(+ ;(88( -, 450)*6(9(+ 3) 821?86) 21)'2 +80821*0) S+&?1939, 81+ (8++, 2&'+&;80) &4*' +(6(+;(9 - 6'9?(* 6385(9 6(4&0*+ (*+ ?(&32 '+8(6;(&+, 9908 ') '920;;, 6(&+ ;0& 9(6 ')6(&+( A9+(2'&++ ?12+1& )*09?320+, =45 3&(*+(, 145 )(4+(9'( 2(88 + 38> (83&3)3;(9.

E;;8 2@/(+2(*'2 0+, 145 P1'9+( P()?( 8(82()(9 /0888+ ;(+(4 419?1*0)0+. U459221& *+ (8?+1+ ') 2+, 145 >7 948+0/8 8((+)34 )*(&'9+ )*7&21*+)) ;(+(4(+.E99(2 3&?(23;(9 P1'9+( P()?( 6'9?(9+ 6(4 ') +(++. E453;239+ 4&/1*' 93:99(385 7+=45 3&(*+(, 145 ?7) B0+1&5 P3+(&9(2, 3) 60& &34(9 (8+0&1*+, 145 82816?+09/8145 8(+?> +&+1*0)0+.

E*3&+ '45(2(*(++ P1'9+( P()?( (8+(&(89' 80;?1*7 '+8(6;(& 419?18+'+, ()(4(++, +&308+,9(6 451++ '?+ +3(8?3)&(.

I85(9 2@&:86395(2 2@*@++ +@&+39+, 145 (45 9 P3+(& +0&1*1++9 && 23&+(, 6()38>( (8,1459 ')6(&2(?(++ 6(4 A9+(2'&++ ?12+1&&8.

- A +&;181-()(++(8 2(*??@++, P3+(& =& - (8(8+(. - B'*1950& (6832)*'2... A +&;181 9(6:+2@*@++ >+92, 45 /08+ ))3 C M+'1

P3+(& 634 9(6 (8(>+(++( (8 *+ * ()(6395+, 6(85 4&/1*' :99()34(+ (6832(*(+())3 +(++(, 8^)>+ 6(43&2(*3)3+ 3) * +09 +@&+39+(2(+, ?( *+ 9(6 +?+, 145 ?12+1& >098+0& 23+ 2&1;+ 0++ 1&?+1++ ??'4' 6()+(&)3439(2, 3) ?12+1& )*18408+0; 088+.



- I4(9, B0+1&5 =& - (8(8+( P1'9+( P()?(. - I4(9 Í45 +@&+39+, 3) C M+'1 ;0+1& )(8(2(?(+( 945 )*(&(9)3+ 1*1++ 9(2:92. D( ;0&6(995'/(8 +&+1*92 ') ?12+1&92, 9(6(8(?2(*:92 6(4 &&78 )(6, 145 6(995'/(8 +&+1*92 @99(2.

- N(2(6%

- #99(2, P3+(& =&, @99(2, 2' 6>?9(6 * (45(+8(9 93*92 8(++, /45') 23+ 1&'9++8 +&+1*92,6(&+ 9(6 ?1841*+92 6(4 3&+(, ')*(9 2@*@9)34 9(6 >@++ (8, 91 2''*(++( ;(83?>+

É) P1'9+( P()?( ()*3;( >++++ B0+1&5 P3+(&9(2, 1459 +9+ (8 '&+(8(9, 3 6'21& ;(839' 23)*:8+ &1/(9(-' &390;, (?'4 60& 23+ (43)* 1&'9+1+ ') 8()*=&+.

A '+8(6;(&;(9 (861)7?1++ (* * (6832, ?( *3&+ 61)18514/ /08)*18+ P1'9+( P()?(-92.A&0& )*161&20) 61)185 :8+, 6(&+ *+ 9(6 (8(>+(++( (8, )2 *3&+ =&+ 640+ +@6(4;(,145 6(4+808> T1&19+08 S*0/0+.

L(95+ )*(63+. A*19 >0&+ * ()*(, 6' 6'9?(9 +@&+39+ *7+. S*0/0& 419?18+, *+ '++(, *+2(88(++ '99'(, 60& 3&>(* 6(9+, 3) P3+(&9(2 45@+& 0>?816 )*1&+1++ @))*( )*/3+, ) 60&-60& 6(40+21*+ >7+(/'+, 2'2 /'))*1*+02 808 +1&20;78.

P1'9+( P()?( >78 80++, 145 (* 4&/1*' 93:99(385 )*161&= (6832(2(+ 3;&()*+ P3+(&;(9. N(6 ;()*38+ 0+ +1/0;; &78, 9(6 (8884+1++, ) *+ 419?18+ 640;9<

F38 2908 >72(?/ 6'9?(9 @+ (&;(9 ;(+(49(2, '4(9 E*+ &(9?(8+( ?12+1&, )2145 9(61859 (45)*(& ;(?9'[

N3095 '889+ 6=8/ P3+(& 60& 2'95'+1++ )*(63+, 3) 45 185+++<

- A221& 0+, P1'9+( P()?(, +&;181-()(+ (8++ 9(6 ')6(&+32 ?12+1&+%

- A )*93+ )(6 80++2, P3+(& =& - (8(8+( P1'9+( P()?( -, 634 )2 9(/3+ )(6 881++2.

- D( ++78 2(*?/( 9(6 /08+ (8 +8(%

- S1, 8(4(8>(;; 93095 6(4;*+0) 6'++, 6(85&( 6(423&+.- É) 6' (99(2 * 1&)*0492 9(/(, 18 61)+ /4592% M(4 +?90 619?9', P1'9+( P()?(%

- O228 419?1816, P3+(& =&, 145 )*'4(+(9 /4592, 6(&+ +(94(& /()* 2@&:8.

- "3+)34+(8(9:8, ?( F@8?2@*'-+(94(& 6(85'2 &3)*39%

- Ó, (&)*( A ?38', * 3)*2', 954+' /45 2(8(+' &3)*39 - (8(8+( P1'9+( P()?( -, ?( 145 19+1)9 18, &&78 14866 )'9) E8/34&( 6'+ )*06+% A995' ;'*1951), 145 A9+(2'&++?12+1&908 /4592, >7 21)*+1+ ?, >7 2/0&+385+, >7 &0+, 9(6 ') )*78/ 6(4;():83)&8...

- D( 9(6 ') ')6(&' )*'4(+ (2/3)3+, 8(480;; 9(/3+ +?>% - 23&?(*+( P3+(&.

- A 9(/3+%... Ó, ?( 634 6(995'&( +?16 - /08)*18+ P()?(. - A9+(2'&++B0+1&5 P3+(& )*+89 2++1++ (6832(*(+3;(9, 145 F@8?2@*'-+(94(& 6(85'2 )*'4(+3+ />02 45, 3) )2 93*+( P1'9+( P()?(-1+.

- I4(9, P3+(& =&, '4(9 - (8(8+( ?(&32 '27. - A9+(2'&++. N(6 +?16, 6'85(9 1))*=)04' 3))*38())34' 12 8++ +(&:8 (8, (45)*(&(9 )2 F@8?2@*'-+(94(&, 45 6(*93 8(/(8(+ 945;0+506 '), /189 945;0+506, ?( 6'9? (* '?('4 * 34 6(4+4?+ +8(6 *+ * @&@6(+,145 945;0+506 8(45(9 V34:8 ') )(66' 6(48( 9'9) ;(99(, 145 (*+ )*'4(+(+A9+(2'&++092 />02, ')*(9 A9+(2'&++ ?12+1&3. A*+ *19;9, 145 ?12+1& 2+-( )*'4(++8 9(/3+, /45 )*'4(+ ?12+1&+78, 221& )(6 +?906 6(4619?9', F@8?&>*' T0&))04+'+20& /18932

P3+(& 0881+ (45&( >/8+. S(66'38( )*@/?6395 9(6 83(++ (8, (?'4 (++8 +&+9' 8((+(++.T08087, ?( 2638(+() 3+&(9??(8 ;(+(4 121*+1)9 /'))*95(&+( (&(>3+. A ?12+1& 452&9



6(480+14++, 6'9?(9383&8 ;()*38+ /(8(, 2'/3/( 6' P3+(&+ 8(4>1;;9 3&?(2(8+(. A '+8(6;(& *19;9 9(6 2&+ +=8 21&09 ;'*86) /88160)& ;&9' ?12+1&+, /0&+, 145 64

>7)*09+0;78 2(*?>(9 (8 ;()*389'.

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M0+50) 4&71+, ?( 634 827(85:8 /08)*+1++ )*'4(+(+ ') @/(*+(, 148821*+++ B0+1&5 P3+(&+.A* ') +(&63)*(+() /18+, 145 6'9?'4 )2 T1&19+08 S*0/0& 419?18+, 2' 61)+ 185 6())*( 2(&:8++8(, ')*(9 =45 80+)*1++, 6'9?(9 @))*(2@++(+3) 6(4)*2?+ A9+(2'&++ 3) * (&7' )*0&*@8?2@*@++. D( 2@*(84(++ * '?, 6'21& 8()* (8(4(9? (&(>(, 145 6'9?(9&8 +?160)+ )*(&(**(9.

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T@;; 9 +(8+ (8. A '+8(6;(& )(;( +(8>()(9 ;((4(?+. M0& (8 ') +?1++ 2(89', 3) )*1;0>;820908 :8?@438+. A >7 ?38' 9 )'614++, 38+(+ )*(88 +@8+@++( 6(4 +:?(>3+, ) /'))*?+(43)*)343+ 3) (&(>3+. $45 3&(*+(, )*'9+( 2&+ (88(93&( )*:8(+'2 =>>0. É) )*(63+ 62)8 /34+(8(9 80+7+0&& )*(4(*+(, 6(&+ 634 *19 ') +=8& )*(&(+(++ /189 '889+9' ;(8:8, 8(82(

634 21&09+)(6 457458+ 6(4. A +04) /*+(&:8(+ * ')6(&(+8(9 )*'4(+ 2@&:8 6>?9(6 6'9?'42'8+ /18+. A8'4 93095 &+' >7, 2&)= 0&160&;11), 2')(;;-9451;; /'+1&80)12, 80)*-

;0&202 +9+(2 (8 958+ +(94(&(9, ?( )1)(6 2@+@++(2 2'. S1 (45(+8(9 945 2(&()2(?(86'>7, )1 (45 4*@), (?'4 =+/1982 2(&()*+:8-2)8 )*(8' (*+ 945 (&7' /'*(+.

M'9+ A9+(2'&++ /'804 /343&( )*06*@++ (6;(&(2 )*'4(+( 8(++ /189.

J=8') )*199(45(?'239 ?12+1& ;(>(8(9+(++( B0+1&5 P3+(&9(2, 145 60)9 ?38+09(845+> )*1;0+, 3) (8>0981++, 145 (82)3&' (8) )3+0>0&.

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- 145 6(4884)) (94(6, P3+(&... M'+ 2&)* (**(8 619?9'%

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- S*(&(+93? 6(4')6(&9' * 38(+(6 +@&+39(+3+, P3+(&% A221& '45(8>...



II. A M4LT ÉS A JELEN

- E8)*@& ') A9+(2'&++ ?12+1& +@&+39(+3+ 619?16 (8, (* 221& 2(*??'2, 6'21& S09?1& M0+50)4&7 ;(8(/(+(++( 640+ * A?&' /'*3;(.

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- A* '4*)04)*18408++0) 6/3;(9% - )1?0821*1++ (8 P3+(&, 3) )*(6( +04& 958+ ( /0&+89)*7&.

- I4(9, P3+(&, 3) (*+ 6/(6(+ +( ') 6(4')6(&(?, 3(9 *3&+ 1*+82 (8 &4*' +(6(+;8+34(?, 2' 81++ /45, 6'9+ >7646, 634') 38)*, 20&)2 39.

E )*/2& B0+1&5 P3+(& =45 3&(*+(, +'*(9@+ 3//(8 *9+ /'))* 6=8+;, 6'21& >2'8((8+( 8(823+ ')'97' (&? /()*+(8539.

- E8++(6 088+ 958+ +(94(& - 185+++ ?12+1& -, 8(42@*(8(;;' )*0&*@8? * 18)* &+/'?32.B0&6'85(9 >7 =)*7 ') /18+6, 9(6 419?18++6 &&, 145 0+)*(8(6. )2 419?/')(83)9(6 >@9 )(4+)34(6&(, 3) +80812 /86' &19)1+, /45 (45 '?(4(9 >7 (8/()* (?38*(+3&(,6(&+ 2:8@9;(9 (8/()*+(6. D( 6'21& * 38(+3+ ') >89?7 (808?1*9' * (6;(&, 1* ') /9(&(>(, 145 6(4/3?>(, 8((+)34().

E8)*@& ') +@;;)*@& 8(;2+6, 145 (82(&:8>(6 * +18)7 418572+. M>? 6'21& 6(4;'*1-

951)1?+6, 60& )(92' 9(6 /((+ 3)*&(, /* (8)*939 6&?+6, ) 958+ +(94(& (83'45(2(*+(6. R06 9(6'4(9 2?0851*1++, 83/39 '4(9 2@995 3) +()+(*0887.

E)+( 38 +* (83 >0&+1++ * '?. B()83)(6 )*(&'9+ +@;; 6'9+ 38 7&0> =)*+6 &++78 6'9386())*(;;, 45 (8+0/181?+6 &1/'497' 2'2@++8, 6(859(2 +18)7 395(' &09239+(861)7?+2.

1/0 >+++6 45, 3) 6';(9 &(63952(?+(6% B'*195 )(66';(9, P3+(&, ?( (88(90880)+ 3&(*+(6646;9, )*/7))041+, (6;(&(8(++' 2&+1+, 3) (* )(4+(++. M0& 9(6 * 38(+(6(+ '45(2(*+(66(46(9+(9', 9(6 >@/(9? (8?+16+. É) ( '889+;9 /86' 80)*>7 >@9 &&,9516;9 8(;212, 145 (82(&:8>(6. 095 0&87/8 +80821*+12 634 '++ * 1)*+&02

&+/'?32(9, 2' 23)* &&, 145 2'?>19, 3) (8/(45( 3&+( >+86+, 095 C&(90/8, 64 (45

;():8(+() A9?&( F(&&+7& ;22912A* (8) 7& (8+(8+3/(8 '&+(8(9 (45 80)*>7 ;229+ (8 16085;9. A 958+ +(94(& (88 >@++,3) +(8>() )(;())344(8 8?+ &+ (83. M0& 0&?+ /18+6, ) 0+619 (2:?+(6 /*(9, ?(@)*+@9@)(9 6(41&?8+6, 23)*(9 &&, 145 (8+9>(2. B0&6(85'2 ')*+&'' 2'2@+;( +&+780)*>7 )2 459=+ 2(8+(+(++ ;(99(6.

E&&8 +:)+39+ 6(4 ') ;'*1951)1?+6. A* (45'2 6+&7* ?860+ 95(8/(9 2';08+, 145/08+1*+))19 '&095+ >7. '&+(8(9 8(;2+6, 3) 6'(8++ 634 >79 8(/2 3)*&(/((++(2 /189, ;0&2 (88?+ (>(6 (8(++.

A6'21& (81451++ 838(4*(+(6, (8>@++(6 /* )*93&(, 3) 954+92 /04+6.

É>)*2 6(4(95:8+ )*38. A 880612 8()(9?()(?+(2, 145 )*38 ') 80;;451++. C)2 1))*= (932880612 (6(8'9+(++(2 (8, 3) )1?1&+2 958+ +(94(& (83.



O8521& =)*+6, 18521& '(9+(6, ) 45 +0/181?+6 (8 &++78 60)1?'2 7& 8++. C)09 *(83&(9? 38+ 80++6, 3) 9(6 * (8++(6 0887 ++. #+/(9 +(94(&' 63&@8?(+ 2(88 6(4+(99(6,145 0+=))*6 * A?&'0+, '4(9, 0+ 2&+6 =)*9', '4(9, 0+ ') 1416 Ó, P3+(& Á+ 2(88 ()9' '85(96(4&7;08++0)1219, 145 6(4+?>2, 6'&( 23() * (6;(&, 6'85(9 (&(?6395+ 3&(+ (8 *(6;(&' +()+ 43(*(+(, 8(82'(& 0&1)8 +()+' (&/(8

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+0'9, 3) 18591228 '), 2'2 0*' 69202+ /34(*+(2 ?( 634 9451;; )*06;9 80+++ 2(+ 6(4(&)+(++ /0&1)819 2/:8, 6(*(' +219.

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A ?12+1& 6(4 )(6 23&?(*+(, 1459 +?9092 )951812 (45 '85(9 @8?+9' 6(4&0*27?++0)+(8'?3*9', 9(6 2&+ /'+0; )*0889' (**(8 * 088+0))8, 6(85(+ 21&6095*7 (45 '?847 +(8>())*(&+(8(9)343/(8 /(+(++ 1?. E453;239+ ;()*384(+3) 6(4)*2?+, 6(&+ 21)' '&+(8(96(4088+. A 21)') /'))*14+ 81/2+ (45 @+/(9 (8+38+;8 0887 )11&+ (8++, 6(85 (8*0&+ *++.

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A +@;;'(2, 148512 3) &@2 * =+ 23+ 18?809 (85(*2(?+(2 (8.

- M' +@&+39+% - 23&?(*+( 21&6095*7.



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- A221& /'+())( 27&0*;

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