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Untapped EnergResource of Pakist
Concept Presentation by:
Zahoor Abbasi Delta Enginee
San Diego, California.
Coalbed Methane
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Methane (natural gas), generally associated with
petroleum, also occurs within coal deposits.
Primary energy source
of natural gas isMethane
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What is Coalbed Methane (CBM)?
During the coalification
process, large quantities
of methane gas aregenerated and stored
within the coal seams.
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Biogenic Methane- formed by bacterialaction in the coal, usually found in low
ranking coals.
Thermogenic Methane- formed by heat
and pressure, usually found in high
ranking coals.
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Coalbed Methane is different from UCG
Methane recovery from Coal
is a totally non destructive
environment friendly process.
UCG burns and destroys the
Coal and pollutes Groundwater
with deadly toxins.
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Coal retains its integrity as a minable resource
Methane recovery
has no effect on the
physical or chemical
properties of coal.
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Coal acts as both the
source and storage
reservoir for Methane
Coal is naturally fractured
with regularly spaced,fractures known as cleats
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Coalbed Methane (CBM)
CBM exists in a nearliquid state, as a
monomolecular layer
lining the micro-poreswithin the coal matrix
and in open fractures.
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*Note that this process is adsorption, and not absorption
Methane is stored within the
coal by a process known as
adsorption*.
Methane molecules adhere
to the surface of coal, held in
place by hydrostatic pressure
Coal Geology - CBM Concepts
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Desorption Gas release
As the pressure in the
coal seam is reduced,methane is desorbed
and released.
CH4
CH4
CH4
CH4
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Methane diffuses
through the coal,
flows through the
fracture system andon to be produced.
1
CH4
CH4
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1
CH4CH4
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Unlike a conventional reservoir.
Natural gas in coal is stored on the (very large)
internal surface areas within the coal structure.
Coal can store 6 to 7 times more gas than a
conventional gas reservoir of equal rock volume.
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CBM Recovery
A bore hole is drilled
into the coal seamand a recovery well is
installed.
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As water is pumpedout and the pressure
within the coal seam is
reduced, the trappedMethane is released.
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Produced water is sent
to a separator in order to
recover any dissolved gas
The water is re-injected
into the formations, or
sent for further treatmen
1
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Drill, Case & Complete: $200,000 per well.U.S. Department of Energy.
Much of the coal, and thus
the methane, lie at shallow
depths, making wells easy
to drill and inexpensive tocomplete.
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2010 U.S. CBM production 1.90 Tcf (5,200 Mmcf
8% of the total U.S. natural gas consumption of 2
Tcf
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1
Location CBM Reserves (Tcf
Green River Basin, Utah 134
Piceance Basin, Colorado 99
San Juan Basin, Colorado 90
Northern Appalachian Basin 61
Powder River Basin, Wyoming 60
Black Warrior Basin, 23
Western Washington Basin 24
Illinois Basin 21
Raton Basin, Colorado 10Uinta Basin, Utah 10
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Powder River Basin:Produces 37% of the USA's coal.
Estimated total Coal reserve
800Billion tons. Annual coaproduction 400 Million tons
Estimated 31 Tcfrecoverable
Coal Bed Methane reserves.(The Wyoming Oil and Gas Commission - 2002
2
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Powder River Basin:
A total of3.7 Tcfof CBM
has been produced so far.
2009 CBM production hit arecord 558 Bcf(1,530 Mmcfd).
Wyoming State Geological Surve
2
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Capital Costs, typical CBM Well, Powder River BasinSource:U.S. Department of Energy, The Economics of Powder River Basin CBM Development.
Cost Item Capital Costs(Land Costs and Permits 15,000
Well Drilling and Completion (@790 feet 100,000
Water Gathering & disposal 27,000
Electric Power 13,000
Gas Gathering 45,000
Total $200,000
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2
At a wellhead price of $4.00/Mcf, development
of Powder River Basin Coalbed methane has:
An average finding cost of $.71/Mcf.
A Mean well has a return-on-investment of 4.70:1
A net present value index of 3.74.
Rocky Mountain Oil & Gas Technology Symposium,
April 2007, Denver, Colorado, U.S.A.
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Raton Basin (Colorado)
2010 CBM production: 110 Bcf
300 Mmcf per day
2
H h C Alb t C d
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2
Coalbed Methane production: 750 Mmcfd.
Horseshoe Canyon, AlbertaCanada.
National Energy Board
CBM reserves 3.5 Tcf
CBM production Costs:
$3.00 per Mcf
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2
An average Coalbed gas well produces between50 to 500 thousand cubic feet (Mcf) per day.
Conventional gas wells produce between 1 to 5
million cubic feet (Mmcf) per day.
Some wells in the extremely productive CBM
areas of the San Juan basin in Colorado &N.M. produce up to 3 Mmcf of methane per
day.
CBM & Conventional Gas Production wells
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San Juan Basin, Colorado/New Mexico.Cumulative CBM production 15.7 TCF
2010 CBM productio
2.8 Bcf/day
Example:
CBM production
650 Mmcf/day
27
Indonesias Coalbed methane reserves are
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Indonesias Coalbed methane reserves are
estimated @ 450 trillion cubic feet (Tcf)
BP and ENI CBM
joint
venture - 1,700 km2block
Sanga-Sanga, Kutei
Basin,Kalimantan, Indonesia.
CBM D l t C t f US $2 M f
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2
CBM Development Cost of US $2 per Mcf
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3
Reliance Gas conducted a geologic assessment of
lignite coal basins in Rajasthan and Gujrat, India:
Identified a 20,000 Sq km area with estimated
CBM reserves of70 Tcfwith 28 Tcfrecoverable.
Production potential of3.8 (Bcf)/day.
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Thar Coalfield, Sindh, Pakistan
Thar basin, estimated
CBM reserves 35 Tcf,
Recoverable - 21 Tcf.Cathay Oil & Gas. Sourcing USGS.
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3
Thar
Pakistan
CBM j t B B i I di
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CBM project, Barmer Basin, India.
3
Block State Acreage Estimated CBMReserves (TCF)
Estimated C
Production
Barmer (BS 4) Rajasthan 1168sqkms
2.9 TCF 107MMCF
Barmer (BS 5) Rajasthan 739 sq kms 1.3 TCF 35 MMCF
Total 142MMC
Adsorption isotherm studies and Desorption tests indicate a gas
content of 106 -140 scf/ton of lignite in 600-1200m depth range,
seismic surveys indicate that the lignite seam is often faulted &fractured which accounts for high permeability & better gas flow
Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Barmer Basin Rajasthan India
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3
Year Production rate Anticipated (CBM)
Crude Oil
(Bpd)
Natural Gas
(Mmcfd)
Coalbed Methane
(Mmcfd)
2010-11 125,000 32
2011-12 175,000 53
2012- 14 142
Barmer Basin, Rajasthan, India.Cairn oil and gas (E&P) Company. Directorate of Petroleum, Rajasth
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Cambay BasinCBM reserves :13 trillion cubic feet .
Thar coal deposits are the
western extension of Camba& Barmer basins, India.
Cairn: 2010 production:13,714 Bpd Crude Oil.
28 Mmcfd Conventional Gas.
8,966 Bpd Condensate.
Thar
Cambay
Barmer
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Cathay Oil & Gas, March 18, 2006.
Thar Coal Field - Sindh, Pakistan.
CBM reserves estimated by USGS@ 200 Scf/ton 35 Tcf
Recoverable Coalbed Methane (CBM) 21 Tcf
Recoverable percentage 60%
Estimated annual production after 10 years 330 B
Estimated daily production (after 10 years) 900 Mmc
3
H d b E C t M bt
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Hydrocarbon Energy, Cost per Mmbtu.
Thar Coal* $3.70
Coalbed Methane** $3.00
Natural Gas $3.50
LNG $10.00
Fuel Oil $14.00
*Thar coal@$37/ton 2000lbs X 1,000,000 5,000btu/lb =$3.70/MMBTU
**National Energy Board Canada and CBM production estimates for India, China, Indonesia & Vietnam