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Blue Ocean Strategy Blue Ocean Strategy By W. Chan Kim & Ren By W. Chan Kim & Ren é é e e Mauborgne Mauborgne Instructor: Wesley Shu Instructor: Wesley Shu

Blue Ocean Strategy 3573

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Page 1: Blue Ocean Strategy 3573

Blue Ocean StrategyBlue Ocean Strategy

By W. Chan Kim & RenBy W. Chan Kim & Renéée Mauborgnee Mauborgne

Instructor: Wesley ShuInstructor: Wesley Shu

Page 2: Blue Ocean Strategy 3573

Profitability ComparisonProfitability Comparison

86% 14%

39% 61%

62% 38%

業務推動

營收影響

獲利影響

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Key Differences of BOS from ROSKey Differences of BOS from ROS

創造無人競爭的新市場空間創造無人競爭的新市場空間 VValue innovation – create brand new alue innovation – create brand new

customer valuecustomer value CCreativity/transfigurationreativity/transfiguration Usually BPR involvedUsually BPR involved

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Similarity between the TwoSimilarity between the Two

InnovationInnovation DifferentiationDifferentiation

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ComparisonComparison

紅海策略紅海策略 藍海策略藍海策略在現有市場空間競爭在現有市場空間競爭 創造沒有競爭的市場空間創造沒有競爭的市場空間打敗競爭打敗競爭 把競爭變得毫無意義把競爭變得毫無意義利用現有需求利用現有需求 創造和掌握新的需求創造和掌握新的需求採取價值與成本抵換採取價值與成本抵換 打破價值—成本抵換打破價值—成本抵換整個公司的活動系統﹐配整個公司的活動系統﹐配合它對差異化或低成本選合它對差異化或低成本選擇的策略擇的策略

整個公司的活動系統﹐配整個公司的活動系統﹐配合同時追求差異化和低成合同時追求差異化和低成本本

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6 Principles of BOS6 Principles of BOS

原則原則 所減少的風險因素所減少的風險因素

擬定擬定原則原則

重建市場邊界重建市場邊界 搜尋風險搜尋風險

聚焦願景而非數字聚焦願景而非數字 計劃風險計劃風險

超越現有需求超越現有需求 規模風險規模風險

策略次序要正確策略次序要正確 經營模式風險經營模式風險

執行執行原則原則

克服重大組織障礙克服重大組織障礙 組織風險組織風險

把執行納入策略把執行納入策略 管理風險管理風險

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Basic Analytic FrameworkBasic Analytic Framework

Strategy canvasStrategy canvas Four actions frameworkFour actions framework ERRC grid – eliminate-reduce-raise-create ERRC grid – eliminate-reduce-raise-create

gridgrid

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Strategy canvasStrategy canvas

To analyze the Value CurveTo analyze the Value Curve X-axis:X-axis: 業者據以從事競爭和投資的因素業者據以從事競爭和投資的因素 Y-axis: degreeY-axis: degree To understand our own profileTo understand our own profile Ex. Ex.

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Cirque du Soleil’s Strategy CanvasCirque du Soleil’s Strategy Canvasti

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Page 10: Blue Ocean Strategy 3573

Southwest Airlines’ Strategy CanvasSouthwest Airlines’ Strategy Canvasti

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Page 11: Blue Ocean Strategy 3573

Characteristics of Quality Value CurveCharacteristics of Quality Value Curve

Not all ‘high’ valueNot all ‘high’ value Very ‘smooth’, not jumpyVery ‘smooth’, not jumpy Differentiated from othersDifferentiated from others

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Four Actions FrameworkFour Actions Framework

To re-establish value curveTo re-establish value curve 消除﹕消除被視為理所當然的一些產品特質消除﹕消除被視為理所當然的一些產品特質

(提昇產品競爭力或區隔產品的因素)﹐尤(提昇產品競爭力或區隔產品的因素)﹐尤其是成本過高﹑消費者不為所動者其是成本過高﹑消費者不為所動者

減少減少 提升提升 創造創造

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ERRC gridERRC grid

Based on the action frameworkBased on the action framework

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ERRC grid – Cirque du soleilERRC grid – Cirque du soleil

消除消除明星演員﹐動物表演﹐明星演員﹐動物表演﹐在觀眾席賣東西在觀眾席賣東西﹐﹐ 多環表演場多環表演場

提升提升獨特場地獨特場地

減少減少趣味和幽默﹐趣味和幽默﹐刺激和驚險刺激和驚險

創造創造富有主題的節目﹐富有主題的節目﹐觀賞環境雅致﹐觀賞環境雅致﹐製作多套節目﹐製作多套節目﹐藝術性﹐原創音樂和舞蹈藝術性﹐原創音樂和舞蹈

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Characteristics of quality strategyCharacteristics of quality strategy

焦點明確焦點明確 獨樹一幟獨樹一幟 畫龍點睛的標語畫龍點睛的標語

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形成策略的原則形成策略的原則principles to form strategiesprinciples to form strategies

重建市場邊界重建市場邊界 聚焦願景而非數字聚焦願景而非數字 超越現有需求超越現有需求 策略次序要正確策略次序要正確

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重建市場邊界• 因為在紅海競爭裡看不到藍海商機• 跳脫傳統競爭思維﹐改變價值曲線• 根據自身的條件﹑重建市場邊界﹐

避免無謂的探索和搜尋• 減少搜尋風險 (Search Risk)

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六種途徑架構• 跨足產業的另類選擇• 探討策略群• 破解顧客鏈• 提供互補產品與服務• 提供功能定位產品感性因素﹐反之亦然• 看見未來趨勢

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跨足產業的另類選擇Alternative, not substitute

• E.g., dining ≠ movie-watching, but seemingly providing the same function

• E.g., NetJets – fractional jet ownership – new market – “rental flight”

• E.g., Southwest Airlines – “air taxi”

• E.g., HomeDepot – “do it yourself home project”

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探討策略群• In general, find market between two

distinct traditional markets• 策略群﹕產業中採行相同策略的公司• E.g., Champion – create higher quality

mobile home, called manufactured home– Mobile home: quick, low quality, low price– SFH: slow built, high quality, high price

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破解顧客鏈• Seller → purchaser → user

Seller → user• E.g., pharmaceutical → physician →

patient pharmaceutical → patient, Novo NordiskBackground technology:

人工合成胰島素已經接近人體分泌Novo Pen

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提供互補產品與服務• Total solution, e.g., movie theater

+ baby sitting + parking + …

• E.g., Barnes & Noble, Starbucks, etc.

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提供功能定位產品感性因素﹐反之亦然• E.g., Swatch and

Bath & Body Works

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看見未來趨勢• 探討未來趨勢會如何改變對顧客的

價值• Numerous examples, youtube,

iTune, amazon.com, etc.

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重建市場邊界 : 藍海與紅海比較

策略 直接競爭 創造藍海產業的另類選擇 聚焦於產業內的競爭對手 探索另類產業探討策略群 聚焦於策略群內的競爭地

位探討產業內的各種策略群

破解顧客鏈 聚焦於對顧客群加強服務 重新定義本行內的顧客群提供互補產品與服務

聚焦於把本行範圍內的產品和服務價值極大化

探討互補產品和服務

提供功能 /感性 聚焦於本行功能與感情定位內的價格與品質競爭

重新思考本行的功能與感情定位

看見未來趨勢 聚焦於因應當前的勢態 參與塑造長期的外在趨勢

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聚焦願景

根據策略草圖﹐調整策略計劃的程序﹐以實現藍海願景

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策略草圖的功能

• 描繪出影響產業各個成員的競爭因素﹐顯示該產業的策略組合

• 呈現目前和潛在對手的策略組合和價值曲線

• 顯示公司的策略組合或價值曲線

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如何擬定策略草圖﹕策略的視覺化

• 眼見為憑• 觀察入微• 策略比稿• 視覺溝通

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眼見為憑

• 獲致對市場現況的一致意見– crisis occurs– Leadership determination

• 描繪出自己目前的策略﹐比較本身和競爭對手的業務

• 檢視自己的策略需要什麼改變

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觀察入微

• Create and own your own vision!

• 實地探討創造藍色海洋的六個途徑 , e.g., what ‘users’ or ‘nonusers’ really want

• 觀察另類產品和服務的獨特優勢

• 了解哪些因素需要消除﹑減少﹑提升

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策略比稿

• 根據實地觀察的心得﹐描繪未來策略框架

• 針對所擬定的替代策略﹐徵詢顧客﹑競爭對手的顧客之意見

• 根據回饋﹐擬定最好的未來策略

• More than one group proposes strategy canvas

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超越現有需求

• 尋找非顧客的共同點﹐形成新的需求﹐降低規模風險

• 了解並各個擊破三層非顧客• De-segmentation, not only

focused on our own customer

• E.g., Big Bertha golf club

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第一層非顧客

• Soon-to-be non-customer• 正使用該市場的產品﹐但也在

搜尋更好的替代• E.g., pret a manger

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第二層非顧客

• 拒絕或沒有能力消費該市場的產品 , e.g., street furniture

第二層非顧客

• 未開發的顧客﹐其需求和商機被視為屬於其他市場

• E.g., joint strike fighter, JSF

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策略次序要正確

構想具備獨特的買方效益嗎﹖

買方效益

Yes

No

讓廣大顧客負擔得起嗎﹖

售價

Yes

No

能用策略定價達到目標成本﹐並且賺

錢嗎﹖

成本

Yes

No

落實構想會遇上什麼阻力﹖是否一開始就設法因應

推行

No

Yes

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買方效益

• 效益槓杆 utility level• 買方經驗周期• To form a matrix

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買方效益 Matrix

採購

交貨

使用

輔助

維護

拋棄

顧客生產力

簡單

便利

風險

樂趣和形象

環保

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Analyze the Matrix

• Which stage provides what utility for the buyers

• Which stage form the most obstacle to each utility

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吸引顧客的定價 – why this is important

• Non-rival• Not always excludable• Network externality

becomes important• Pricing of intelligent goods

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策略定價決定目標成本 (Target Cost)

• 簡化作業• 結盟合作• 改變產業價格模式 , e.g.,

– Rent, not buy, e.g., blockbuster or Xerox

– time share, e.g., NetJets– slice share, e.g., venture

capital fund, mutual fund

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解決推行障礙

• 員工 – participation is important

• 企業夥伴 , e.g., SAP and Oracle, Cisco and manufacturers

• 大眾 – e.g., “firewall” – initiate public hearing on environmental issues for potentially pollution producing products

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克服重大組織障礙克服重大組織障礙 認知障礙 認知障礙 – – participation participation 資源限制 資源限制 – – find hot spotfind hot spot 動機欠缺 動機欠缺 – – find kingpin, make him find kingpin, make him

transparent, atomization to make the transparent, atomization to make the problem relevant to each small unitproblem relevant to each small unit

政治角力 政治角力 – – find ‘angel’, conquer ‘evil’ and find ‘angel’, conquer ‘evil’ and organize think tankorganize think tank

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把執行納入策略把執行納入策略 Create sense of responsibilityCreate sense of responsibility 程序正義 程序正義 – – 3E: engagement, explanation, & 3E: engagement, explanation, &

clarity of expectationclarity of expectation

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如何讓藍海生生不息如何讓藍海生生不息 提高模仿障礙提高模仿障礙 持續價值更新持續價值更新

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提高模仿障礙提高模仿障礙 價值創新超越傳統思維價值創新超越傳統思維 , e.g., CNN, e.g., CNN 品牌形象衝突同業無法跟進品牌形象衝突同業無法跟進 , e.g., Bath & Body , e.g., Bath & Body

WorksWorks 市場規模市場規模 , e.g., , e.g., 專利專利 規模經濟 規模經濟 – – cost leadershipcost leadership 網路外部性網路外部性 , e.g., eBay, e.g., eBay 模仿涉及企業重整模仿涉及企業重整 , e.g., southwest airlines, e.g., southwest airlines 迅速品牌建立﹐模仿者受到消費者排斥迅速品牌建立﹐模仿者受到消費者排斥 , e.g., , e.g.,

Quicken (cf., Excel)Quicken (cf., Excel)

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