Group no 1 Role of world bank in Pakistan

GROUP MEMBERSSRIAL NUMBER NAMEROLL NUMBER 1AAKASH HASSANR1F15Mcom00222MUHAMMAD ADNANR1F15Mcom01083SYED FURQAN ALIR1F15Mcom00524SHERAZ KHAN AFRDIRIF15MCOM96

Group no 1

ROLE OF WORLD BANK IN PAKISTAN DEVELOPMENT& EFFECTS OF WORLD BANK PROJECTS ON OTHER COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT

World BankTheWorld Bank(WB) is an international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries for capital programs. It comprises two institutions: the InternationalBankfor Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), and the International Development Association (IDA).

Role of world bank in development of Pakistan COUNTRY BRIEFPakistan has made significant development progress since its independence 58 years ago, as measured by some key social indicators. Health and education services have expanded and improved, and life expectancy has increased from 59 years in 1990 to 64 for males and 66 for females in 2003. Infant and maternal mortality rates have dropped, as have illiteracy rates.

During the 1990s Pakistan made only modest progress in reducing poverty and improving the welfare of its people. Growth of real gross domestic product (GDP) slowed to less than four percent and per capita real income grew by only slightly more than one percent per year, leading to an increase in poverty to 32 percent. Social indicators stagnated. For example, the net primary enrollment rate declined from 46 percent in 1991/92 to 42 percent in 2001/02, with male enrollments declining from 53 percent to 46 percent, and female from 39 percent to 38 percent. By the late-1990s, Pakistan was in a position of extreme vulnerability with high and unsustainable fiscal deficits and a heavy debt burden, which squeezed public investment and social spending.

Beginning in 2000, the government initiated a wide-ranging and ambitious reform program, which has resulted in a dramatic turnaround. Pakistan has turned around a deteriorating macroeconomic situation to a rapidly improving one. In 2004/05, GDP grew by over eight percent. These macroeconomic achievements have allowed the country to achieve fiscal consolidation. Both external and internal balances have strengthened and reserves now cover five months of imports. Public debt has fallen to 60 percent of GDP from almost 90 percent in 2000/01. Social and poverty-related expenditures have been raised from 3.8 percent of GDP in 2001/02 to 4.7 percent of GDP in 2003/04. The government has also launched far-reaching structural reforms to privatize public sector enterprises, strengthen public and corporate governance, liberalize external trade, and reform the banking sector.

There are now indications that these reforms have begun to pay off in the form of improved development outcomes. Based on the recently released Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey (PSLSMS), literacy rates of population 10 years and older have in Increasing girls access to education in Northwest Frontier Province. creased to 53 percent as compared to 45 percent in 2001/02. While both female and male literacy, at 40 percent and 65 percent respectively have increased, the gender gap has not shown any significant reduction. However, despite these favorable developments, formidable challenges remain. Pakistans social indicators still lag behind countries with comparable per capita incomes.

DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGESPoverty remains a serious concern in Pakistan. According to the rebased GDP numbers, the per capita income comes to US$720; poverty rates, which had fallen substantially in the 1980s and early 1990s, started to rise again towards the end of the decade. Though complete data from the recent Integrated Household Survey is not yet available, it is evident that a large segment of the population lives in poverty. More importantly, differences in income per capita across regions have persisted or widened. Poverty varies significantly among rural and urban areas and from province to province, from a low of 24 percent in urban Sindh to 51 percent in rural Sindh.

Pakistan has grown much more than other low-income countries, but has failed to achieve social progress commensurate with its economic growth. The educated and well-off urban population lives not so differently from their counterparts in other countries of similar income range. However, the poor and rural inhabitants of Pakistan are being left behind. For example, access to sanitation in Pakistan is 23 percent lower than in other countries with similar income.

DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGESMaternal mortality remains high at 450 per 100,000 live births. Gender gaps remain in schooling, largely due to the rural areas where only 22 percent of girls above age 10 have completed primary level or higher schooling as compared to 47 percent boys. While the PSLSMS indicates an improvement in Net Enrolment Rate (NER), from 42% in 2001/02 to 52 per cent, it still indicates that almost half of the primary school age cohort is currently out of school. While the NER shows an insignificant gender gap in urban areas, NER for rural girls at 42 percent trails behind rural boys NER of 53 percent.

Meeting the vision embraced in the Millennium Development Goals by 2015 (including the reduction of infant and child mortality by two thirds and maternal mortality by three quarters and halving the percentage of the population living in poverty) will require renewed efforts in Pakistan. The World Banks assistance strategy is based on measurable outcomes using the MDGs as the background for its engagement in Pakistan

WORLD BANK ASSISTANCE TO PAKISTANThe World Bank's strategy is to support implementation of the Government of Pakistans own Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) and to provide financing and technical assistance for both economic and human development. The strategy is built around three main themes which correspond to the pillars of the PRSP..

IMPROVING GOVERNANCEImproving government performance is a central element of Pakistans poverty reduction strategy. The Bank is assisting the governments efforts in this area by supporting reforms in public financial management and procurement; restructuring of the tax administration bureaucracy; support for civil service reforms; and assistance to local and municipal governments to improve their capacity for delivering public services.

IMPROVING LIVES AND PROTECTING THE VULNERABLEThe World Bank also supports Pakistans efforts to improve the lives of its citizens through efforts to improve access to, and quality of, public services in education, health, electricity, water supply, and sanitation, with an emphasis on addressing gender disparities. At the same time the Bank is assisting in efforts to reduce vulnerability and poverty through effective safety nets and targeted programs to reach the poor.

World bank projects in pakistan 2015-2016

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Details of the projects

Additional Financing to PK: Tarbela 4th Extension Hydropower Project

The objective of the Additional Financing for the Tarbela Fourth Extension Hydropower Project is to facilitate a sustainable expansion of Pakistans electricity generation capacity. The primary reason for AF of US$390 million for these scale-up activities is to: (i) utilize the experience gained from implementation of T4HP as the WAPDA team (PMU) is already functional and most of the PMU staff in particular environmental and social unit and procurement and financial management unit will be common for both the projects, (ii) address the issues that are common to both T4HP and T5HP more efficiently e.g. the transmission line proposed under AF is not only going to serve T5 but will be providing required contingencies for T4, (iii) have better coordination in dealing with technical and logistical constraints associated with simultaneous implementation of T4HP and T5HP, (iv) provide flexibility in allocating resources between T4HP and T5HP more efficiently e.g. through AF financial and technical resources would be available to address any unforeseen technical or aftercare issues that may emerge post commissioning of T4HP. In summary, there are substantial efficiency and procedural gains in doing T5HP through a proposed AF as opposed to a new operation.

PK-Balochistan Integrated Water Resources Management & Development Project

The development objective of the Balochistan Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and Development Project for Pakistan is to strengthen provincial government capacity for water resources monitoring and management and to improve community-based water management for targeted irrigation schemes in Balochistan. This project comprises three components. The first component, institutions, capacity and information will support a gradual transition to IWRM approaches in Balochistan in line with the existing IWRM policy. It will support institutional restructuring, professional development, installation and operation of hydro-meteorological systems, and establishment of multi-agency river basin information systems that provide public access to all available hydromet data for the two project basins. It has two sub-components. i) It will support institutional strengthening and restructuring, and ii) It will support hydro-meteorological data collection and management to provide the required information platform for improved water resources planning. The second component, water infrastructure and management investments will support implementation of IWRM sectoral investments in the Nari and Porali basins within a framework of community mobilization and participation. This components has three sub-components includes i) Construction and/or rehabilitation of irrigation and potable water supply facilities; flood protection infrastructure; ii) Related watershed and rangeland management; and iii) On-farm water management and agricultural productivity activities. The third component, project management and technical assistance will finance expenditures associated with overall project implementation costs, including incremental costs associated with the Project Management Unit (PMU) and the Project Implementation Units (PIUs), Project Supervision and Implementation Assistance

PK-Sindh Barrages Improvement Project

The objectives of the Sindh Barrages Improvement Project for Pakistan are to improve the reliability and safety of the Guddu barrage and strengthen the Sindh Irrigation Departments capacity to operate and manage the barrage. There are three components to the project, the first component being rehabilitation of the Guddu barrage. This component will support rehabilitation of the barrage and its associated structures. The component will finance: concrete repairs along the upstream gate grooves and rehabilitation of both fish ladders; removal of the left pocket dividing wall and construction of a new left pocket dividing wall to widen the left pocket and improve its ability to reduce the quantities of sediment entering the Ghotki feeder canal; and river training works through construction of a left-bank spur to promote favorable river approach conditions to the barrage and strengthen the upstream existing river training works. The second component is the improved barrage operation. This component will support the establishment of the BMO and modernization and improvements to the barrage O&M.

Punjab Skills DevelopmentThe objective of the Punjab Skills Development Project for Pakistan is to improve the quality, labor market relevance of, and access to skills training programs in priority sectors in the Punjab. There are two components to the project, the first component being improving and expanding market-relevant skills training. The objectives of this component are to: (i) strengthen the skills training system; (ii) improve the quality and relevance of skills training; and (iii) increase access to market-relevant trades. The second component is the project management, monitoring and evaluation, and technical assistance. The objective of this component is to support project management, monitoring and evaluation (M&E), and technical assistance (TA) to enable the achievement of the DLIs and ensure efficient and effective management of project implementation. M&E strengthening of the skills development system is embedded within project design and financing for M&E activities will be funded by this component. It would also finance surveys and studies to support the development of policy actions and strategies in areas where technical support could better inform policy makers and development partners, specifically, in the areas of increasing womens participation and private sector provision of skills training programs.

Pakistan: Third Punjab Education Sector Project

The development objective of the Third Punjab Education Sector Project for Pakistan is to support Punjab province to improve school participation, completion, and teaching-learning practices with a particular focus on low-performing districts (LPD). LPDs are ten districts that have among the lowest participation rates for children of age 6 to 15 years. The proposed project supports the implementation of the Government of Punjabs larger education program supporting the 2018 Education Goals. The project comprises the following two components. The first will use results-based financing to support the achievement of the GoPunjabs 2018 education goals and growth strategy through nine subcomponents along three strategic areas: (a) improving access to schooling for the poorest; (b) ensuring quality teaching and learning for all; and (c) improving leadership, management, and accountability. For each subcomponent, there will be a disbursement-linked indicator (DLI) with time-bound targets. Funds will be disbursed against agreed eligible expenditures upon the achievement of DLI targets. The project supports the first three 2018 Education Goals, that is, (a) to ensure high quality teaching and learning in the classroom; (b) to improve leadership and accountability at all levels; and (c) to enable a conducive learning environment for students. The first strategic area, improving access to schooling for the poorest will support interventions to provide students from the poorest households with financial resources and opportunities enabling them to attend school at the primary and secondary levels. It has three sub components. a) Education Voucher Scheme (EVS), b) Public-Private Partnerships in Education, and c) Stipends for Secondary School Girls. The second strategic area, Ensuring quality teaching and learning for all will support interventions to raise the quality of teachi

National Immunization Support Project

The development objective of the National Immunization Support Project for Pakistan is to increase equitable coverage of services for immunization against vaccine preventable diseases (VPD), including poliomyelitis, for children between 0 and 23 months in Pakistan. The project comprises of five components. The first component, strengthening provincial management, governance and stewardship functions supports: robust monitoring and evaluation mechanisms; surveillance systems; the provincial expansion and maintenance of the vaccine logistics management information system (vLMIS); and oversight, coordination, and stewardship functions. The second component, improving service delivery performance will support: enhanced planning for performance; availability and management of skilled human resources; effective supervisory systems for expanded program on immunization (EPI); and enhanced linkage to communities. The third component, demand generation will support: social mobilization and community awareness; advocacy; and school curriculum. The fourth component, vaccine supply chain will support the national procurement of essential equipment to strengthen the capacity and performance of the national and provincial vaccine supply chains. The fifth component, improving capacity for increased immunization coverage will support: capacity of federal and provincial EPI cells; research and evaluation; disbursement-linked indicator (DLI) certification; and coordinating the technical assistance.

Pakistan Punjab Jobs and Competitiveness Program for Results

The development objectives of the Punjab Jobs and Competitiveness (J and C) for Pakistan are to improve the investment climate and promote investments and jobs in more inclusive and sustainable industrial estates in Punjab. The J and C program for results (PforR) will support the implementation of key parts of the industrial development plan of the Punjab growth strategy (PGS) aimed at re-igniting manufacturing growth in the province. The J and C PforR focuses on improvements to the business regulatory environment and capacity enhancement of institutions relevant to private sector investment - particularly the Department of Industry (DoI) and its agencies responsible for investment promotion, industrial estates, and support to industrial clusters. It also includes the development of the Punjab spatial strategy (PSS) to help prioritize and coordinate public investments in infrastructure. The program will also improve public support to industrial infrastructure by promoting public private partnerships (PPPs). The J and C PforR consists of two results areas: (a) investment climate reforms, and (b) spatial development. These two results areas are connected and together will help remove the main constraints to Punjabs industrial competitiveness.

Capacity Building of the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics

This project's main objective is to begin the work of building the capacity of the Pakistan Bureau ofStatistics on a range of dimensions. These include the re-basing of the CPI; training PBS staff onsampling; improving the design and implementation of the HIES/PSLM as well as the Populationcensus, the Agricultural Censuses, and pilot CAPI for the collection of price data for the CPI. Thiswill entail developing custom software solutions, the provision of tablets to support the training ofinterviewers for the shift to CAPI for price data collection, and technical support with software andhardware issues that may arise. The PBS has ndicated that they would like to pursue on open sourcesolution based on Open Data Kit (ODK).

Results of previous projects of world bank in Pakistan Investing in EducationPunjab:in 2014-15, nearly 34,000 teachers in 36 districts were hired through testing and nearly 100% of underperforming primary schools received advisory support for teachers. Punjab also relocated teachers across the province based on school needs.The Punjab Education Foundations Education Voucher Scheme has provided stipends to nearly 300,000 poor children. This, in addition to other programs, helped enroll over 1.3 million children in low-cost private schools.Sindh:the government is implementing a comprehensive Education Reform Program to improve governance and accountability in the education sector. Nearly 90% of all employees (teaching and non-teaching) had their credentials verified -- through biometric thumb impressions-- and compared against the Accountant General payroll database. This is an important step to correct the issue of ghost or fake employees.

The government is also implementing a school consolidation program to ensure school resources are efficiently utilized. A recruitment process has been completed to promote leadership in education and bring onboard more than a 1,000 qualified head teachers and principals. More than 16,000 teachers, recruited through a test-based recruitment system, are working in schools.

Balochistan:the government has built or rehabilitated schools and, with community support, enrolled more than 38,000 boys and girls in school. 123 shelter-less primary and middle schools have been upgraded to better infrastructure while 225 schools were provided missing facilities under the Promoting Girls Education in Balochistan (PGEB) Project. Early Childhood Education (ECE) learning kits were also provided to these schools along with teacher training.The Government of Balochistan has received an additional $34 million through theGlobal Partnership of Educationto further expand access to quality education

Protecting the Poorest

TheBenazir Income Support Program (BISP), Pakistans flagship national safety net program, provides income support in the form of predictable monthly cash transfers of $15 to almost 5.2 million of the country's poorest families or nearly 20 million people. Over $3.5 billion has so far been disbursed to beneficiaries.The program aims to reach 5.3 million families in the next financial year.BISP has also rolledout the Co-responsibility Cash Transfer (CCT) program, linking cash transfers to primary school education, which is currently being implemented in32 districts in all provinces and regions. To date over 1.3 million children have been enrolled in the program, of which over 1.15 million childrenhave taken admission in schools.

Supporting Rural Livelihoods

Since its inception in April 2000 until December 2015, thePakistan Poverty Alleviation Fund(PPAF) has disbursed $236 million to 129 Partner Organizations in 130 districts across the country. 7.7 million individuals received loans, 61% of them are women living in rural villages and urban settlements.More than 35,000 water and infrastructure projects have been initiated; 2,000 health and education facilities supported; 284,000 individuals received skills/entrepreneurial trainings;26,279 individuals including women and youth received business training under Waseela-e-Haq National & Waseela-e-Haq Sindh program of BISP; 29,500 persons with disabilities rehabilitated.

Enhancing Disaster Resilience

Since the 2005 Pakistan earthquake, which led to nearly 73,000 deaths and caused damages to over 570,000 houses, the Bank has been supporting the Government of Pakistan in shifting from a response-based to a more pro-active risk management approach.The urgency and importance to address Disaster Risk Management (DRM) holistically was further highlighted in the aftermath of the unprecedented 2010 floods, which affected over 20 million people and almost 20% of the total landmass of the country.Initially, the Bank provided technical assistance to the government to highlight physical and fiscal risks from hazards. This included undertaking risk assessments for federal and provincial capitals, as well as a national-level fiscal disaster risk assessment report.In parallel, the Bank also used grant resources to build the capacity of Provincial Disaster Management Authority Balochistan.Following the floods of 2014 and at the request of Government of Pakistan, the Bank prepared the $125 million IDA-fundedDisaster and Climate Resilience Improvement Project(DCRIP) to support restoration of flood protection infrastructure and strengthen government capacity to manage disasters and climate variability in Punjab and Northern Districts.The Bank is preparing a $100 million IDA-fundedSindh Resilience Project(SRP) to mitigate flood and drought risks in selected areas, and strengthen Government of Sindh's capacity to manage natural disasters. The Bank also continues to provide technical assistance, particularly to analyze gaps and prioritized needs to improve the overall hydro-meteorological observation network in the country.

Operating in Conflict Areas

The conflict in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) and the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) led to one of the worst security crises in Pakistans history, displacing an estimated two million people and severely disrupting lives, livelihoods, and the provision of public services.AMulti-Donor Trust Fund(MDTF) supports the implementation of a program for reconstruction and development aimed at facilitating the recovery from the impact of the crisis and reducing the potential for escalation or resumption. Donors have contributed a total of $183 million for the MTDF. An estimated 5.4 million people have benefitted so far. As Round I of the MDTF comes to a close, it is expected that donors will pledge $100 million for the first year of implementation.

Pakistan: Commitments by Fiscal Year (in millions of dollars)*

*Amounts include IBRD and IDA commitments

Effects of world bank projects on other countries India The World Bank Groups past support to Indias development agenda has contributed to improving outcomes in a range of sectors. Some results are highlighted below:

Rural livelihood programsvocational training programsEducationtuberculosishealthRural RoadsSodic Lands Reclamation Projects

Afghanistan

Education:Health:Rural Development:Horticulture and Livestock:Irrigation:Rural Enterprise:Market Development:Telecommunications:

Bangladesh

Rural Infrastructure:Agriculture:Energy:EducationHealth:Livelihoods:Local governanceWater supply and sanitation

Egypt

Access to Finance for Micro and Small Enterprises

Labor Intensive Public Works Program

Strengthening Social Safety Net Project

Energy projects:

Water, Sanitation and Irrigation:

Investment support:

Iran

Government of Irans Vision for the Future and Its Reform Agenda

Recent Economic Developments

Poverty Conditions

Economic Outlook

Iraq

Investments in water resource management resulted in improved quality of the drinking water to over 1 million people in Ghammas, Al-Nasr and Wasit. Work is in progress to repair bridges, roads, electricity, water and wastewater networks and deliver health services in the 7 municipal areas that have been liberated from ISIS by the government forces. Already, 7 bridges and 65 kilometers of roads are currently being repaired; electrical transformers, substation and cables are being procured; 60 municipal waste compactors and 2,200 trash bins are being supplied; and several water and wastewater subprojects are being prepared for procurement. Furthermore, 280 kilometers of Expressway No. 1 in the Southern Iraq are currently being maintained by qualified international contractors.

The Bank has provided policy advice to the Iraqi government on fiscal policy and management issues and has supported the newly established state pension fund. The deployment of the Social Safety Net (SSN) Information System in Baghdad and the rest of the governorates allowed for the processing of beneficiary payments using a central data base resulting in savings of over US$30 million to the SSN budget.

Sri lanka

Growth Performance and ProspectsPoverty and Shared ProsperityFiscal SectorFinancial SectorEducationHealthRural-Urban TransitionEnvironment, Climate Change and Disaster Risk Management

china

Chinas dramatic progress in reducing poverty over the past three decades is well known. More than 500 million people were lifted out of poverty as Chinas poverty rate fell from 88 percent in 1981 to 6.5 percent in 2012, as measured by the percentage of people living on the equivalent of US$1.90 or less per day in 2011 purchasing price parity terms. World Bank extrapolations suggest that the percentage of the population living below the international poverty line continued to fall to 4.1 percent in 2014.Substantial progress was made in human development indicators as well, contributing to global efforts to achieve the Millennium Development Goals.China began itspartnership with the Bankin 1980, just as it embarked on its reforms. Starting as a recipient of support from the International Development Association (IDA), the Banks fund for the poorest, China graduated from IDA in 1999 and became a contributor in 2007. It became the third largest shareholder in the World Bank upon completion of the capital increase approved in 2010, the 30th anniversary year of its partnership.Throughout this time, the nature of the Banks activities in China changed to meet the countrys rapidly evolving needs. Initially, the Bank provided technical assistance to introduce basic economic reforms, modern project management methodologies, and new technologies. Later, the focus shifted to institutional strengthening and knowledge transfer. The Bank now encourages knowledge sharing to enable the rest of the world to learn from Chinas experience.

Yemen

Since the Yemen Health and Population Project (HPP) activities resumed in January 2016, around 1.5 million Yemeni children under five years old were reached by the national polio campaigns supported by the project, which represents about 30 percent of the whole target population nationwide. The project has a simple, evidence-based outreach delivery model for health services in coordination with UNICEF and the World Health Organization (WHO), in order to procure some of the essential medications and medical supplies needed for the outreach campaigns. This has enabled the Bank to continue its support to the project, when the war escalated and the Bank's whole portfolio in Yemen was suspended, through channeling grants from the International Development Association (IDA) directly to UNICEF and WHO to deliver vaccinations and basic health services such as nutrition and reproductive health to children and women, respectively.

Emergency Crisis Response Project

The operation will help provide short-term employment opportunities through labor-intensive works and initiate restoration of livelihood and service delivery in water, nutrition, schooling, small-scale roads, and small infrastructure while preserving existing local service delivery capacity in the SFD (Social Fund for Development) and PWP (Public Works Project) entities.