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.G vL IOhfi e IOSG Sh ,AGOCG Ohfi UJ c (8-bits architecture) H (8) e fe H GP e J dP J HdG G h ,(28) kfl G kOY (256) IMGdG dG J ,H (8) H GP G h .H (8) e J fCH a dG

.H (4) e c J dG dG e fQH G kc G kQJ Gg jh ,fl J (256) eJ fCG CG e j CG kfl G kOY (256) J CG IMGdG d dc h .ddG bQCG fOQCG GPEG (128) dEG (-127) e hCG ,(255) dEG (0) e ef dG OGYCG d j OGYCG e dG Gg CG VGdG eh IdG OGYCG dEG AdG e H c G g h .dG IG (16) Y f c GSG a .(cCG hCG KG) c IY GSH f c K eSG GPEGh .(216) (65536) OdG d J H N e Ggh .(224) (16^777^216) OdG d J H (24) Y

.G vL IdG bQCG dG e cCG OY GSG fEG cT e (8085) dG cf ,H (8) GP G d eCch e (6809) dGh ,(Zilog) jGR cT e (Z80) dGh ,(Intel) dG SG AH eSG dGh ,(Motorola) hQJe cT

.VG dG e dG NGhCG

````dG AG``KEG

jdG eG jJ H G hCG) QSfGdG (active device) da f gCG g ,(HdG j bdG IFGdG h .fhdEG IFGdG H fd IFGdG jh j c QSfGdG GQSfGdG OY jh .MGhh U dG J i kSe eG IFGdG jT .jdG g IOLG fhdEG FGhdG UG TCG J J Qd fh (semiconductor manufacturing processes) IMh (62) e j de AH vdM eCG j fEG cT e (62-Core Xeon Phi)

.QSfGJ H (5) Y

:

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3-3-5:`S`Hh```dG J QdG

cP G d eCch ,(16-bit architecture) H (16) H GP G J dP J K J K .hQJe cT e (68000) dGh ,jGR cT e (Z8000) dGh ,fEG cT e (8086) dG dG e dG g Qjh ,(32-bit architecture) H (32) H GP G J dP

.fEG cT e (Pentium) SG GSG FdGh ,(Core i5) ,(Core i3),(Core i7) a e jG G Ea vdMh

.(64-bit architecture) H (64) H GP kL g dG

dG S IOjd kLe c SHhG J jdG Qhfi e kFQ G kQfi CG HdG dG jCGQ cCG KCG d c iNCG Qhfi jdG T H ,jd MdG QG j dP dh .H (64) dEG dd NGdG

:j e dP jh .Ye kaVCG dG AGOCG je IOjR Gg jh :(Semiconductor Manufacturing Processes) UG TCG J J QdG 1 e cCG OY Vh e dG g M J H fhdEG dG J J QdH QG

.dG e IOfi Me GSHhG fc S HQCG a .bCG L a GSH dG H fhdEG FGhdG jJ 2 e hGj L a a G e jG LCG eCG .da (5) Qb L a P bd Qe dEG ,IMGdG fhdEG IFGdG Y bdG SG c N j Ggh .da (1.4) dEG (0.8) H

.e IdG IQGd idG OhG Rh hO dG jT FGhdG g OY IOjR dHh J VG fc IOe Ife FGhO NGdG H J H jG GSHhG J j 3 ,(Cache) jS Tc IcGP Yh ,(core) eY GMh IY Y a .dG Y e b dG e da .FGhdG e gZh ,eSdG e ed UN GMhh ,HG d UN GMhh gJ j UCG ,G e HdG LCG (soware) dG SGH gJ j c dG

:

:

(5-5) T jh .Ye kaVCG dG g J YS e Yj UN fhdEG FGhO b e eY IMh c e eeh ,(cores 4) eY GMh (4) e NGdG H J jM d ke kSQ J (Core i7), (Core i5), (Core i3)jG G Lh .H UG jdG TdG IcGP

.(5-5) d He NGdG H j (4004) dG c M a .dG J J dG (clock speed) dG YS IOjR 4 CG CG .JgL (3.8) dEG JYS J f ah J jG G Ea ,Jgc (740) YH

. kV (5000) e cCH OGR dG YS

(multi-core) GMdG Oe d NGdG d e P :(5-5) T

(Quad-core processor) eY GMh (4) hP de

IcGdG dG FGhO

L3 ce Tc IcGP

Jh (1) eY IMhL1 Tc IcGP

Jh (3) eY IMhL1 Tc IcGP

Jh (2) eY IMhL1 Tc IcGP

Jh (4) eY IMhL1 Tc IcGP

L2 Tc IcGPL2 Tc IcGP L2 Tc IcGPL2 Tc IcGP

:`YG`fCGh ``S`Hh```dG `LCG 4-3-5

Nj SHhG CG eCG M dh ,SHhG J dG IMdG ILCG g SG CG AG j b ,(Smartphones) cdG JGdG j fG dG a .L j EG cdG ILCG e IQY JHhdG h ,Sh GFWh GQS e jG UGG FSh fl MG fh dG f h jOUh ,bdG fjdG e dG ILCG h ,YG dG f h ,dG ILCG h ,YdG

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:

````dG AG``KEG

OLh j H CG G UG G j Hh ,dG (L1 Cache) Tc IcGP ,dG (L2 Cache) Tc IcGP OLh cj (L3 Cache) Tc IcGP OLh cj Hh e KdG GfCG g H dG g a .dG

?TdG GcGP UN J (L1 Cache) TdG IcGP H e G kAL Jh (core) edG IMdH SCG gh ,(5-5) T e g c IMdG JS IcGP jN e e J fC

.(SRAM) UN kjCG g (L2 Cache) TdG IcGP H e G kAL Jh ,(core) edG IMdH J fC hCG dG e CHCG dh ,IMdG .(DRAM) ejO IcGP N e e J Y dEG IcGdG e dG Gg jh g Jh ,(refreshing) IcGdG j IcGdG e CHCG fEa Gd bdG H dG

.dG Y dEG dG JdG a (L3 Cache) TdG IcGP eCG T c edG GMdG L H ce ejO IcGP jN e e Jh .(5-6)

.(DRAM) c GPEG aCG dG UGe J Y Hh e UNh - TdG IcGP e cCG H j

.(L1) dG

ILCG e dG h ,jhhG GaCGh ,(Game Boxes) bdG dCG .iNCG IQG

SCG L J Nj SHhG Ea jdG dG eCG hH GFdGh ,LG jQGdGh ,cdG HdGh ,GQGOGdG :e ,jG HHO e jdG HdG MGh dG fh ,YdG QbCGh ,QW

.dG e gZh,YQeh eG H jGQOh ae Y SdG e dG bh ,(Celeron) hCG ,(Pentium) :e dG hCG dG SG eG G GfCG j SdG e dG dh ,(Core i5) hCG cdG ILCG eG G Ea Y Hh .iNCG cdG ILCG e Sj UN J GPh ,UN GfCG e e g (YCG IQcG)

.Rd dG UN a e g cdG JGdG G e Ea G S a Reduce Instruction Set Computing) :SH j G e

,(Processor Jh H J IOe GfCG dG g Qjh .(RISC)

:e ,fl cT eS cT Jh H HCG cT eb dGh (A7) dG :``e ,```HCG ```cT ``e ```cdG I```LCG ```c``J ``N``jh ,````H

.(iPhone 5S),( iPad Mini) Njh ,H (Qualcomm) cT J dGh (Krait) dG

.S cTh eS cT e cdG JGdG YU iNCG cdG ILCG eG G GfCG fl Y jGh OLh G J jJ OL CG dG j Gd . keh kjW S

.vJh vY eG eCG a aJ e gh ,G vL V J

Y HLEd eG Y d ffEG SG:ddG SCG

(Core i7) dG e vdM IOLG jOG e 1?G SG GSd

(Core i5) dG e vdM IOLG jOG e 2?dG SG GSd

```c``T ``e ``c``dG I``LCG e `````e 3?(A7) dG J dG (HCG)

j Fe

:

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dGYdGFGh UdG

(Ivy Bridge) ddG G e

Core i7JgL 3.9 M8 MB cache, quad core, 1333/1600 MHz DDR3 memory, Dual channel memory

Core i5JgL 3.8 M6 MB cache, quad core, 1333/1600 MHz DDR3 memory, Dual channel memory

(Sandy Bridge) dG G e

Core i7 ExtremeJgL 3.9 M15 MB cache, six cores, 1066/1333/1600 MHzDDR3 memory, Quad channel memory

Core i7JgL 3.9 M8-12 MB cache, 4-6 cores, 1066/1333/1600 MHz DDR3 memory, Dual or Quad channel memory

Core i5JgL 3.8 M3-6 MB cache, dual or quad cores, 1066/1333 MHz DDR3 memory, Dual channel memory

Core i3JgL 3.4 M3 MB cache, dual core, 1066/1333 MHz DDR3 memory, Dual channel memory

HS LCG e e

AtomJgL 2.1 M1 MB cache, 1 or 2 core, 800/1066 MHz DDR3 memory (some 667/800 MHz DDR2 memory)

CeleronCeleron D JgL 3.6-1.6128 KB to 1 MB cache

Core 2 QuadCore 2 DuoJgL 3.2 M2-12 MB cache, Dual or quad core

PentiumPentium 4JgL 3.7 MUp to 4 MB cache, some dual core

(fEG) cT e G J QdG :(1-5) hL

G`S`Hh`d r ne ``cCG h (Intel) ``fEG ``cT ```J J M ,G d dG dG e (%80) e j e Y (fEG) cT Jh .SG eG

.bdG G jY (AMD) cT M e S HQCG OGeG Y SGh GQJ T G Jh J J Ea HdG bCG jCGQ ch

.H (fEG) cT J dG G LCG QH G kfl kfH (1-5) hL Vjh .SHhG Y

:``S`Hh```dG `LCG 5-3-5

:

:

dGYdGFGh UdG

(FX Black Edition) FY e e

FX 4-CoreJgL 3.6 MQuad core, AM3+ socketFX 6-CoreJgL 3.3 MSix core, AM3+ socketFX 8-CoreJgL 3.6 MEight core, AM3+ socket

(Phenom) FY e e

Phenom II X6JgL 3 MSix core, AM3 socketPhenom II X6 BlackJgL 3.2 MSix core, AM3 socket

Phenom II X4JgL 3.2 MQuad core, AM3 socketPhenom X4JgL 2.6 MQuad core, AM2+ socket

(Athlon) FY e e

Athlon II X2JgL 3 MDual core, AM3 socketAthlon X2JgL 2.3 MDual core, AM3 socket

AthlonJgL 2.4 MSingle core, AM2 socket

(AMD) cT e G J QdG :(2-5) hL

:ddG LSH f CG hG Gg e jh e dG GQbh UGe c hJ OLh e ,bdG f jJ j d LCG IY LGJ 1

.dG L ae e H H ,dG GQbh UGe jd j a SG CG j Ggh .NB L .(core) edG GMdG e fl G kOGYCG NGdG cJ V b G f e G H CG 2 GMdG OYh .dP e cCG j CG h ,(4-core) j CG h ,(Dual Core)dG j CG a

.NGO edG GMdG OY QGe H YJ dG AGOCG Ib C dG AGOCG Oj e Y edG YCG YH j dG dG fCG VGdG eh .fl YS G f e G H J dc 3

.bCG YS j dG dG e aCG AGOCG j J Y Hh .H (AMD) cT J dG G LCG QH G kfl kfH (2-5) hL Vjh id OLe g e Qj AGOCG ieh UG J dG G Jh ,fEG cd G vf kae (AMD) cT

.fEG cT e G J e fQe J VfH (AMD) cT e Rh .fEG cT e

:

:

1-4-5:VG MdG feh FXh

MdG g feh FXh Y G vL e SG g (Motherboard) CG MdG hCG ,VG MdG e EG dG dEG fY dh .SG e G bj dG eG J e O da .SG IQY S eG ILCG dEGh ,IcGd GMh dEG f dG dEG aVEH fCG fLd SGQdG IMdG g jGH (1-5) HdGh IQCdGh JG Md e - IfG ILCH Ud (ports) ae dEGh - G hCG dG UdG e -

.bd Qe dEGh ,jdG c Ud UN UJ a dEGh - dH Udh:dG J dGh ,VG MdG XdG GMdG gC G kflh ke kT (6-5) T jh

:(Memory) I``cG``dGh (Motherboard) ```VG ``M``dG 4-5

VG MdG XdG GMdG gCG :(6-5) T

J dG He IYb gh :(socket) dG IYb jh .dG X HHdG OY hj dG e G kOY ,G e Ofi f GS VG MdG J f S e IYb de Vh fCG M G UGG e cCdG g jh ,G e NBG dG G jOeh GfCG e cCd VG Md

.eGSG Chipset) SG dG G eG IFGdG jh .(Northbridge) Jh ,(6-5) dG (1 FGhdG Jh ,dG e dH kFGO dG g be FdG IcGdG Hh dG H Ud eRdG fhdEG G kfh .eSdGh jdH UG IcGdG dch ,Sd Q fEa dG be e G vL jdG dG b dG g Hh dG H Uj dG (NGdG) fdG

.G vL dY YH fdG j CG IcGdG b Hh

:

:

Jh .(Southbridge) Jh ,(6-5) dG (Chipset 2) SG dG G eG IFGdG H dch ,(I/O ports) GNEGh NOEG ae Hh dG H Ud eRdG fhdEG FGhdG dG g

.(HD) (Floppy),(Optical Drive) G ILCG J dG FGhdG Hh dG

g Ggh . SdG ,FdG GNEG/NOEG d G FGdG IcGdG b f efHh ,FdG SG fe jJ jh ,Ie hC SG J Y dG CGj dG efdG Y AHdG fG GPEG j H (ROM) FGO IcGP kXfi j SdG fh .dG UdG e dG

.SG

:LhOe Y IOY Jh .(RAM connectors, Memory Slots) IcGdG GMh UJ a .(servers) GOh``G G```Sd VG ```MdG `U``N dP e `````cCG hCG ,a (6) hCG ,```a (4) I````cG``dG G```Mh ``e ``jdGh jG ``dG `````S ````e I``cG``dG G``Mh `````U````J `a ``````J IO``Yh

.jG VG MdG FdG dG gh ,(DRR3) (DIMM) `H h`````G

IFdG GfCGh .Sb TCG IY dG g JCJh .(Expansion Card Slots) SdG hc Ud a NCG dGh .(PCI) ,(PCI Express), (AGP) :g vdM

.(graphic cards) eSdG dJ hc Ud UN

hU e G MdG S dGh VG MdG Y IOLG (I/O ports) GNEGh NOEG ae ,G dG Hc ,YdG ,ahG ,IQCdG ,JG Md Ud) hdG MdG cJ H SG

.(gZh ,SG ,HdG

bdGh jQdG dG IcGdG fdG Y aH UG jQdG gh .(CMOS Battery) jQH .AHdG Qe Y RG a dM

.(Power Supply) bdG Q G bdG HGc Ud (RQe) He

UGbCG fih ,fG UGbCG fih ,dG UGbCG fi J dG HGdG Ud (RQe) He .FdG

:

:

a .dG hO fl cdG e BG G Jfe hCG SG H J dG cdG OY j gZh ,VG MdG H fl gZh ,Sd LQG (hdG) G H fl cT IOG cdG e YG aGJ dh .Ggh ,IcGdG GMh j gZh ,SdG Md H H

.SG f G QeCG bO Sb je Vh e H c dG H e dG hO fl QG Gg Ojh .VG MdG S SdG QG gh (Form Factor)`H j e jG g eh GfCGh ,SdG Md UJ a ceCGh ,G d eG a bGeh ,VG MdG Se

.FHdGh fG UdG e gZh ,GNEGh NOEG ah bdG Q UdG a j c ,d SSCG FGh VG Md jQG SG e IFdG GfCG (3-5) hL Vjh ah VG MdG Se fQe (7-5) T jh .Qe Se c GSG a j dG e CG

.d SdG jG fl

2-4-5:(Form Factor) VdG MdG Sd SdG jdG

SdG PdG

Form FactorMdG MUdG

ATXe 244 e 305 eG VG Md kYT cCGh SdG G

.G SG

Micro-ATXe 244 e 244.SdG a e bCG OY Y j MdG e UCG M

Mini-ITXe 170 e 170.(Atom) f e G e IOY j Md U M

Nano-ITXe 120 e 120.dG adG ILCG hCG IQdG SM j

BTX bCG H Se IY d

e 267 e 325 (7)Y CG Md .(ATX) Y jc QG Gg bG

.jdG AGg aJ d eh ,SJ aVG Md (Form Factor)SdG PdG FN :(3-5) hL

:

:

ILCH SG UJ LCG e (I/O ports) GNEGh NOEG ae e b Z Y dEG SG j ,SG ,HdG ,G dG Hc ,YdG ,ahG ,TdG ,IQCdG ,JG Md :e ,LQG IfG cJ H fCGh ,VG MdG fGL MCG IOLe J e Y CG HdG dG jCGQ bh .gZh

.hdG e G MdG IgX S SG hU MdG G MdG e J c VG MdG Y G GNEG/NOEG ae e Y (8-5) T jh a Sdd ke J dG H Y Ie aG g Ea dG VGh g ch .SG hd

.e c Xh e Hh ,H IQUh ,LQG IfG GdH Jd SG gaj dG aG gCH kfH (4-5) hL jh ,dY UGe GPh jM kYGfCG J aG g UJ je CG Mjh .Xhh G Uh e ,G

.GSG b dGR e dh ,fOCG UGe GPh vf b kYGfCG J c

) GNEGh NOEG ae e b Z Y dEG SG j

3-4-5:G`NEGh `NOEG `a`e ``UG`eh G`fCG

d SdG jG fl ah VG MdG je H fQe :(7-5) T

SG hd G MdG e J c (I/O ports) GNEGh NOEG a e :(8-5) T

:

:

G(Port)UdG

.(DB-15 port) hCG (Video Graphic Array)(port VGA) jh.SG e TdG Ud jh

Ud jh .(Digital Video Interface) (port DVI) jh.GedG e bdG jdG QOe

.(High-Definition Multimedia Interface) (HDMI) jh ,bdG Y jdG dEG SG Ud jh ,dGh jdG GQTEG jh

.Home eater G G G dEG hCG

e jL f Ggh .dGh jdG GQTEG jh .(DisplayPort) jh.(DVI) fh ,(VGA) f e aG fi j CGHh aG

e d He gh .dG h jdG GQTEG jh .(underbolt) jh.(DisplayPort) f

jh .(RJ-45) hCG (Ethernet port) hCG (Network port) jh.G dG dEG HdH SG Ud

HGc H j IOYh ,JdG GQTEG d fG HG e Y gh .ahG Udh ,jdG hCG jOMCG YdG Ud Jh .GdCG f

(USB):jOe KK JCJh , jh.fdG bJ YS Hh (USB 3.0) (USB 2.0)

ILCG Ud jh ,(IEEE1394 port) hCG (FireWire port) jh.bdG QOedG e ddG YdG GP IOG FSdG

G ILCG Ud jh ,(eSATA) (External SATA) jh.LQG

(I/O ports) GNEGh NOEG ae GfCG :(4-5) hL

:

:

g SG vdM FdG dGh .IcGdG e fl GfCG X SHhGh SG GNG AH e MdG aJh . ejdG FGdG IcGdG g c ,(Memory Module) IcGdG GMh Ud UN GQe jG (Motherboard) VG GfCGh ,IcGdG GMh e IOfi GfCG GS J j VG MdG Ea IOdG h .(9-5) T e

:g vdM GSG FdG VG Md G gh , dG e IcGdG GMh

.G SG jG dG SG GSd gh , dG e IcGP GMh

.(laptops) . SH Jh ,dG VG MdG H L IcGP GMh

4-4-5:I`cG`dG ````J

VG MdG IcGdG GMh Ud G GQG :(9-5) T

:

:

```f

.IaG GNEGh NOEG ae OGYCGh GfCG OMCG CG hMCG K ,(G hCG) SG e Y YCG dG SG hU e G G dEG fCG 1:ddG SCG Y LCG K ,H G hdG dEGh VG MdG dEG fCG ,(b SM hU a eCG hCG) Y YCG dG SG hU a eCG GPEG 2

?VG Md QG SG e CG?dG f e

?gOY ch ?IcGdG GMh f e ?VG MdH G SdG hc e

jh .(DDR3) hCG (DDR2), (DDR) :Ya GfCG KK (DIMM) f e IcGdG GMh JCJh.d dG UGG e kH j c ,IcGdG GMh J GQdG gC kJ (5-5) hL

IcGdG fdGUdGdG AH

DDR3 DIMM

J fd f YH ,IcGdG e f SCG./f e (2133) dEG

SHO (240) e UJ e d fdG d Jb j CG .(pin)

.HQCG hCG Gb KK hCG

2007

DDR2 DIMM

(1066) OhM fd f YS bCG j./f e

Mjh .SHO (240) e UdG e j CG M UdG e e N OLh dEG j (DDR3) UdG e G

.QdG

2004

DDR DIMM

(400) OhM fd f YS bCG j./f e

.SHO (184) e UdG e j2000

SIMM .dG VG Md GSd b f hCG ,SHO (72) :Yf UdG e JCj

.SHO (30)1987

IcGdG GMh J QdG :(5-5) hL

:

:

1-5-5:f`dG `M I``LCG ````J

2-5-5:``W````dG `dG U``dG

OG g cJh .INCG GdG jdG OL e dH fdG M ILCG J M jJh ,SG IcGdG Hh H fdG bJ YS IOjRh ,a G S IOjRh ,fdG M ILCG AGOCG

:dG vdM IFdG fdG M ILCG J gCG J h .LQG fG G J.(Magnetic Hard Disk Drive ( HDD)) WG dG UdG

.(Solid State Drive (SSD)) hdEG dG UdG .(Optical Drive) FdG UdG

.(USB Flash Drive) TdG IcGP .(Memory Cards) IcGdG hc

(Floppy Drive) G UdG dP eh .QKfG NCG dh ,fdG iNCG J g fc fCG Mjh GfCG e dhCG KdG GfCG J VS IMdG g h .jG SG GfCG fl Y ASG CGH dG

.YCG IQcG

:``f````dG ```M I```````LCG 5-5

UH (3.5) SG:Se (HDD) dG UdG fi JCj gh - UH (2.5) SGh ,G SG eGSG FdG gh - UGbCd IQU (10-5) T jh .dG SG eGSG FdG

.G SG H fQe J dG dG UGbCG cfi :(10-5) T ,UH(3.5)S (hard drive)

UH(2.5)h

:

:

IcGdG Hh dG UdG H fdG d UdG J a dG Ud iNCG G UG eCG ,(Parallel) RGdG Y eEG fdG f c Y kAH J UdG LGd J IY g LJh .SG

.(Serial) GdG Y hCG

````dG AG``KEG

:J LQG IfG ILCH SG Ud LGh IY aJ eEG (parallel) RGdG Y fdG f a jh .(Small Computer System Interface(SCSI)) IdG SG d UdG LGh dGR eh ,dG hCG G AGS dG SG J CGH dh ,HdG IFdG UdG LGh fc gh .bdG f H (16) hCG H (8)

.(Servers) GOhG SM ee VY jh .(ATA or PATA) kfMCG Jh ,RGdG Y fdG d LGh kjCG gh .(Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE)) LGh

.H (16) dG dG ITe fdG f eGS (Data Bus) fdG Qe dG dG Ud fCG dG e (IDE) LGd He gh .(EIDE) LGh

.(Direct Memory Access (DMA)) IcGdH TG UdG H g Jh ,SG dG e NJ hO SG IcGP dEG.FdG dCG GSH (Serial) GdG Y fd d LGh gh .(Fiber Channel ( FC)) FdG dCG Ib

,(SATA2) QG /HL (3) H e hGJ fdG d dY YS a aJh .(Serial ATA (SATA)) GdG Y fdG f LGh .(SATA3) QG /HL(6) dEG

,(SCSI) RGdG Y fdG f LGh eGhCG f LGdG g Jh .(Serial Attached SCSI ( SAS)) GdG Y fdG f LGh .GdG Y j g fdG f dh

3-5-5:`fh```dEG `dG U``dG

UdG Hh H jd ,(Sold State Drive (SSD)) hdEG dG UdG SG dG g Y jh .We dh fhdEG J g fdG J J CG c ,ce AGLCG H LJ M WG dG

YH fGSG QhJh .ce fG``SG Y ```fdG ``` WG ``dG `J ```Jh YH eEG a fGSG Qha jG dG UGbCG eCG .vf dG dG UGbCG bO/d (3.600)

.bO/d (7.200) YH hCG ,bO/d (5.400) UdG jHGJ (6) gQb ib M S vdM aJh .dG UdG FN gCG e G S Jh.UH (2.5) Se dG UdG jHGJ (2) gQb ib M S aJ M ,UH (3.5) Se dG

:

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dG Ud P :(11-5) T(SSD, Solid State Drive) hdEG

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