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The Great Transformation
A Comparative
Perspective
Mexico
Japan
The United States
The Great Transformation
A Comparative
Perspective
Karl PolanyiThe Political and Economic
Origins of Our Times (1944)
The Great Transformation
• What Is It?
The Great Transformation
• 1.0 England 1600s
• 1.5 Europe 1700s
• 2.0 United States 1800s
• 2.5 Mexico, Brazil, Japan 1870s
• 3.0 China I 1980s• BRICS
• 3.5 China II 2015• MINT
The Great Transformation
• What Is It?
• The transition from a
– Traditional Agrarian Economy
The Great Transformation
• What Is It?
• The transition from a
– Traditional Agrarian Economy
to an
– Industrial Economy
The Great Transformation
A Comparative Perspective
– Japan
– The Meiji Revolution 1868-1912
• Emperor Meiji
– Mexico
– The Porfiriato 1876-1910
• General Porfirio Diaz
The Great Transformation
• What Is It?
– Economic “Modernization”
The Great Transformation
• What Is It?
– Economic “Modernization”• Modernization of Agriculture
– Transfer of Labor force from
countryside to the factories
and cities
The Great Transformation
• Economic “Modernization”• Modernization of Agriculture
– Transfer of Labor force from
countryside to the factories
and cities
• Western Technology
– Railroads as symbols of Modernity
The Great Transformation
• Economic “Modernization”• Role of Oligarchies
– “Modernizing Elites”
– Progressives
The Great Transformation
• Japan
– Samurai
• Mexico
– Científicos
The Great Transformation
• Common Features
– Authoritarian systems
The Great Transformation
Social Costs of Modernization
Japan
•“Battleship Island”
•Mining
•A new form of
slavery
Mexico
•Plantation system
•Peonage
•Suppression
of Indians
The Great Transformation
Social Costs of Modernization
Japan• Populist reform
• Agrarian
participation
• Conflict
avoided
Mexico• Failure of Populist
reform
• Revolution 1910-
1920
• Emiliano Zapata
• Pancho Villa
• Alvaro Obregon
The Great Transformation
Policy Choices
Japan• Native and
autonomous
economic development
Mexico• Foreign direction of
the economy
The Great Transformation
Summary of Themes
Japan• Meiji Era
• 1868-1912
• Samurai &
The Emperor
• Fukuzawa Yukichi
• Ito Hirobumi
• Zaibatsu
• Gunkan Jima
• Natsume Soseki
Mexico• Porfiriato
• 1876-1910
• Porfirio Diaz
• Cientificos
• Revolution 1910-1920
•Zapata
•Villa
•Obregon
•PRI 1930-2000
The Great Transformation
Imperialism
Japan• Meiji Era
• New member of the
Club
• Korea
• Formosa/Taiwan
Mexico• Victim of the Great
Powers
• Great Britain
• France
• Germany
• Spain
• United States
• Investments
The Great Transformation
Effects in 20th Century
Japan• Industrial Power
Mexico• Economic colony
The Pacific CenturySeries
The Meiji Revolution
The “Opening” of Japan
Arrival
of the
Americans
1853-54
The Modernization of Japan
Arrival
of the
Americans
1853-54
Commodore Matthew Perry
The Modernization of Japan
Wheels
The Modernization of Japan
Trains
The Modernization of Japan
Civil War
1868
The Modernization of Japan
Modern
Japanese
Man
The Modernization of Japan
1894 – War with China
The Modernization of Japan
• Some Key Terms and Names
– Progressives
• Who will control change?
– Populists
• What is the role of the people?
– Imperialism
• Who benefits?
– The Corporation
• The relationship between the State and
Private Enterprise?
The Modernization of Japan
• Some Key Terms and Names
– Fukuzawa Yukichi
• Promoter of change
– Ito Hirobumi
• 1st Prime Minister
– Zaibatsu
• Industrial monopoly
The Modernization of Japan
• Some Key Terms and Names
– Gunkan Jima
• Battleship Island
• the social costs of modernization
– Natsume Soseki
• Writer, author of Kokoro
• the psychological toll of modern times
The Great Transformation
