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Oral communication:
The Workplace Needs and Uses of
Business Graduate Employees
Presenter: Clement Lo 9922615
Instructor: Dr. Pi-Ying Teresa Hsu
Date: December 22, 2010
Crosling, G., & Ward, I. (2002). Oral communication: The Workplace Needs and Uses of Business Graduate Employees. English for Specific Purpose, 21, 41-54.
Citation
2
Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
Methodology
Findings
Conclusions
Reflection3
Introduction
3
2
1Oral communication skills development are included in current university course design.
Lack of understanding on the nature of
workplace oral communication.
Make suggestions for more
appropriate course design and
adequate preparations.
4
Purposes of the study
To provide the forms used with respect
to objects and occasions
To confirm the frequency and
significance of oral communication
To discuss and make suggestions for
students and university course design.
2
3
4
To investigate the needs and uses of
oral communication at workplace
Research Question
What forms of oral
communication skills do BA
graduates need for meeting
workplace requirements?
What’s the problem?
Introduction
Methodology
Findings
Conclusions
Reflection
2Literature ReviewLiterature Review
Contents
Literature Review
Department of Education, Training and Youth Affairs (DETYA) reports that
oral communication is the 3rd most vital skillemployers look for in new graduates.
(ACNeilson, 1998)
Importance of Oral Communication
Literature Review
Employers (New Jersey) claims that oral communication skill is vital, but is an area which graduates lack preparing for.
(Van Horn, 1995)
Importance of Oral Communication
Literature Review
A demonstration on powerful role of language.
It is more than exchange of words; in the
process, social reality is “created, maintained
and modified”.
(Halliday, 1978)
What is workplace oral communication?
Literature Review
Oral communication and social interaction are
the means for acquiring new skills for solving
problems and achieving goals.
(Mellinger, 1992)
Oral communication is a mean.
Literature Review
How do we succeed in communication?
Literature Review
Its success varies with different situations
and different participants.
(Bizzell, 1989)
Oral communication is
context-dependent
Literature Review
The relative status and position of the parties.
1. status of the parties – age, gender, cultures etc.
2. familiarity – how well do u know the other party?
3. emotions, viewpoints and/or attitudes to the topic
Purpose: establish and maintain social relations
; and avoid miscommunication(Halliday, 1978)
Interpersonal component
in communication
Literature Review
Oral Communication
Meeting
Topic/goal -directed
Superior/client
Deductive
Oral communication is context-dependent
Instructive
Relationship building
Co-operative
Team work
Inductive
Colleagues
Literature Review
Deductive
Context-dependent
Inductive
Literature Review
Communication in Meeting
Structural
Model
Team work :
tension among
peer groups
Generic-function
Model
21
Hierarchy :
tension between
chair and group
Instructive Co-operative
Literature Review
C.E.O.
ManagerManager
staff staff staff
Hierarchy Diagram
- Taking orders from superior
Literature Review
Communication in team work
- Collaborating to achieve common goal
Literature Review
= well-functioning team
Informal communication
builds TRUST
Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
Methodology
Findings
Conclusions
Reflection
Methodology
Survey
Participants
Instrument
Sampling
Companies (23)
Company types
Analytical tool
23 Companies with BA graduates
from Monash University, Australia.
Questionnaires: 5 point Likert Scale
Relevant Sampling
16 large companies
5 medium companies
2 small companies
8 chartered accounting companies
3 banking / insurance
5 manufacturing industry
7 others: service, retail, government
SPSS
Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
Methodology
Findings
Conclusions
Reflection
Findings
4.1 Frequency of oral communication
How often do oral communication skills used by graduate
employees in your company??Q
38%46% Finding:
84% employers & employees
84%
Findings
4.2 Importance of oral communication
How important are oral communication skills for :
1. recruitment 2. job success 3. promotionQ
Finding:
95% - Promotion
95% - Job success
87% - recruitment
Findings
4.3 Frequency of oral communication: home apartment
Who do you communicate most often in your home department?
Staff of : 1. less status 2. same status 3. supervisor Q
Finding:
95% - Same status
87% - supervisor
New graduates are less unlikely to have less status staff.
Findings
4.4 Forms of oral communication
What forms of oral communication are used at workplace?Q
2 Following instruction
4 Networking
6 Persuading colleagues
7 forms are identified:1 Informal work-related discussion
3 Informal social conversation
5 Instructing, explaining demonstrating
7 Giving feedback
Findings
4.5 Communicating with similar status staff: same dept.
What forms of oral communication do you have with
same status staff within the same department?
Q
Finding:1. 83% - Informal work-related discussion
2. 66% - Following instruction
3. 54% - Informal social conversation
4. 47% - Networking
5. 41% - Instructing, explaining and demonstrating
6. 37% - Persuading colleagues
7. 25% - Giving feedback
informal
Findings
Finding:1. 66% - Following instruction and responding
2. 65% - Informal work-related discussions
3. 62% - Building relations
4. 49% - Informal conversation
5. 41% - Promoting own strength and weakness
6. 41% - presenting new ideas and strategies
7. 30% - Negotiating and bargaining
8. 28% - Chairing and leading discussions
4.6 Communicating with superior
What forms of oral communication do you have with
superior?
Q
formal
Findings
Finding:79% - participating in discussion
87% - oral presentation
31% - persuading
20% - chairing and leading discussion
4.7 Meetings: frequency of forms used
What forms of oral communication do often use in meetings? Q
Informal&
formal
Findings
4.8 Team Work: frequency of forms used
What forms of oral communication do you in team work? Q
Finding:70% - Building relations
66% - Informal conversation
37% - Negotiating
33% - Leading / persuading
28% - conflict resolution
informal
Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
Methodology
Findings
Conclusions
Reflection
Conclusions
1. Oral communication is essential for a
successful professional career.
2. Oral communication should be a top priority in
university business education
Conclusions
4. Graduates are required to think critically and apraise
situations to adpot appropriate oral communication
styles.
3. Formal communication alone is inadequate
prepareation for the workplace since informal oral
communication is require more often.
Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
Methodology
Findings
Conclusions
Reflection
Reflections
1. Lack of detailed description in research
methodology.
2. Exact number of participants is unclear, and
return rate on the questionnaires is low
Reflections
3. Detailed contents and forms of the
questionnaire are unclear; and no reliability
nor validity tests were adopted to test the data.
4. No statistical measuring methods were
mentioned as a valid or proven tool.
The End
Thank you very much for listening.