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Lin Wang
Fudan University
October 17, 2013
GDC Monthly Sustainability Forum at Arup Associates�
Regional Haze is becoming a serious problem in China
(Zhang et al., ACP, 2012)
1960s
1980s
2000s
Extreme air pollution events occurred…
雾霾日数实况图 2013年1月7-13日 中央气象台 The long-lasting great haze in January 2013 that
covered the developed region of China, is already
in the oversea textbook The area suffering from air pollution is about 1.3 million
square kilometers
Visibility was less than 500 meters in certain regions
The cause of extreme pollution and degradation of visibility ‒ fine particles
Fine particles PM2.5�
Size distribution of atmospheric particles
By scattering solar radiation, aerosols increase the Earthʼs albedo"
Scattering efficiency is maximum when particle diameter = λ e particles in 0.1-1 µm"size range are efficient scatterers of solar radiation
2 (diffraction limit)"
Brown Carbon"
Black Carbon"
(Moosmuller et al., ACP, 2011)
Global Burden of Diseases 2010
8
4
Lim et al, Lancet, 2013
China"Global"
In China, 20% of lung cancer mortality and 40% of Cardiovascular diseases mortality are related to PM2.5 polluEon.
Global PM2.5 concentrations: 2001-2006
Source: NASA, USA
Scientific Facts:
API, PM10, SO2 and NOx in Shanghai from 2000 to 2011�
Courtesy of Prof. Chen JM
Courtesy of Dr. I. Riipinen
Isoprene (C5H8)
Monoterpenes(C10H16)
Sesquiterpenes (C15H24)
WHICH VOCʼs ARE IMPORTANT SOA PRECURSORS?"
Anthropogenic SOA-precursors = aromatics (emissions are 10x smaller) "
Nucleation:
Courtesy of University of Helsinki
Complexity – the word to describe fine aerosol composition
Spring 2012�
44.9±25.8 µg/m3�46.5±25.4 µg/m3�
45.5±32.7 µg/m3�
49.6±33.0 µg/m3�
32.6±16.2 µg/m3�
34.9±18.9 µg/m3�
Courtesy of SEMC �
Potential Resolution, USA as an example
Clean Air Act Harvard
6 city study
PM2.5 stardard by
EPA
American Cancer Society
study
Global PM2.5 standard by WHO
London fog and Los Angeles
photochemical smog
Observation
Causes for Pollution
Characteristics & Processes Exposure–
Response Function of PM2.5
Decision-making by the Administration
Public Health Evaluation of PM2.5
Pathway to Control Air PolluEon Meteorolog
y
Modelling
Laboratory
Academia� Industry
Policy-maker
Interplay of Policy-‐maker, industry, and academia
Are We Capable of Cleaning Our Air?
Yes,
but it is a long process that requires the collaboraKon
of everyone and every sector of our society.