Arduino UNO Programs

Experiment - Interfacing Arduino With LED

Requirements – LED, Breadboard, Jumper Wires, Arduino, Resistence (1K)

Background – LED has two pins, one is longer than the the other. The longer one

will be attached with output pin (in this case 13) of the Arduino board and shorter

pin will be connected to ground through some resistence. If the lengths of both the

pins are equal then the pin with the small flag will be the output and other will be

for ground. The connection is made using jumper wires.

Fig – 2 LED Interfacing With Arduino

Code -

int led = 13; //initialize pin 13 on arduino as LED O/P

// the setup routine runs once when you press reset:

void setup() {

// initialize the digital pin as an output.

pinMode(led, OUTPUT);

}

// the loop routine runs over and over again forever:

void loop() {

digitalWrite(led, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)

delay(1000); // wait for a second

digitalWrite(led, LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW

delay(1000); // wait for a second

}

Precautions –

1. Connections should be tight.

2. Do not put LED directly into Arduino board as it may get damaged

Result – LED turns on and off with a delay of 1 second.

Experiment - Controlling the intensity of LED Blinking and

Flashing using Potentiometer

Requirements – LED, Push Button, Jumper Wires, Resistence, Breadboard,

Arduino, Potentiometer

Background – Potentiometer has three terminals – Terminal 1, Wiper, and

Terminal 2. Terminal 1 is connected with 5V, Terminal 2 is connected with GND

and Wiper is connected with one of the analog pins (in this caseA0) fo input. On

rotating the potentiometer towards right the intensity and blinking will increase and

the scenario reverses when we tur the potentiometer towards left.

Fig – 3 Controlling LED Blinking and Flashing using Potentiometer

Code -

1. Intensity

const byte potentiometer = A0; //wiper connected to analog pin A0

const byte control = 13; //LED connected to pin 13

int reading; //to get readiing when potentiometer is rotating

int value; //to map the reading with particular range

void setup()

{

pinMode(control,OUTPUT);

Serial.begin(9600);

}

void loop()

{

reading = analogRead(potentiometer); //read value between 0 to 1023

value = map(reading,0,1023,0,255); //scale the value to use it with digital

pin(Servo)

analogWrite(control,value);

Serial.println(reading);

}

2. Flashing

int potpin = A0; // analog pin used to connect the potentiometer

int ledpin = 13;

int val; // variable to read the value from the analog pin

void setup()

{

pinMode(ledpin, OUTPUT);

}

void loop()

{

val = analogRead(potpin); // reads the value of the potentiometer (value between 0

and 1023)

val = map(val, 0, 1023, 500, 5); // scale it to use it with the servo (value between 0

and 180)

digitalWrite(ledpin, HIGH);

delay(val); // waits for the servo to get there

digitalWrite(ledpin, LOW);

delay(val);

}

Result – Controlling speed of blinking and intensity of LED is succesfull.

Experiment - Interfacing Arduino with DC Motor using L293D and

Controlling Speed

Requirements – DC Motor, Arduino Board, Breadboard, Jumper Wires, L293D

IC

Fig – 4 Interfacing and controlling speed of DC Motors

Code –

#define E1 10 // Enable Pin for motor 1

#define E2 11 // Enable Pin for motor 2

#define I1 8 // Control pin 1 for motor 1




void setup() {

pinMode(E1, OUTPUT);

pinMode(E2, OUTPUT);

pinMode(I1, OUTPUT);




}

void loop() {

//FORWARD

analogWrite(E1, 255); // Run in full speed

analogWrite(E2, 25); // Run in full speed

digitalWrite(I1,HIGH);

digitalWrite(I2, LOW);

digitalWrite(I3, HIGH);


delay(1000);

// change direction(BACK)

digitalWrite(E1, LOW);


delay(200);

analogWrite(E1, 127); // Run in half speed






delay(1000);

// change direction(LEFT)



delay(200);







delay(1000);

// change direction(RIGHT)



delay(200);







delay(1000);

}

Result – Controlling the speed and changing direction of DC Motors is successful.

Experiment - LCD Interfacing with Arduino UNO and Scrolling

Names on both Rows

Requirements – LCD, Arduino Board, Breadboard, Jumper Wires, Reistence

Background – We will use 16X2 graphical LCD display. We will include the

Liquid Crystal Library that works with all LCD displays that are compatible the

Hitachi HD44780 driver.

Fig – 5 LCD Interfacing with Arduino

Code –

/*

LiquidCrystal Library - scrollDisplayLeft() and scrollDisplayRight()

Demonstrates the use a 16x2 LCD display. The LiquidCrystal

library works with all LCD displays that are compatible with the

Hitachi HD44780 driver. There are many of them out there, and you

can usually tell them by the 16-pin interface.

This sketch prints "Hello World!" to the LCD and uses the

scrollDisplayLeft() and scrollDisplayRight() methods to scroll

the text.

The circuit:

* LCD RS pin to digital pin 12

* LCD Enable pin to digital pin 11

* LCD D4 pin to digital pin 5




* LCD R/W pin to ground

* 10K resistor:

* ends to +5V and ground

* wiper to LCD VO pin (pin 3)

Library originally added 18 Apr 2008

by David A. Mellis

library modified 5 Jul 2009

by Limor Fried (http://www.ladyada.net)

example added 9 Jul 2009

by Tom Igoe

modified 22 Nov 2010

by Tom Igoe.This example code is in the public domain.

http://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/LiquidCrystalScroll

*/

// include the library code:

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>

// initialize the library with the numbers of the interface pins

LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2);

void setup() {

// set up the LCD's number of columns and rows:

lcd.begin(16, 2);

lcd.setCursor(0,0);

// Print a message to the LCD.

lcd.print("Gurpreet");

delay(1000);

lcd.setCursor(0, 1);

// Print a message to the LCD.

lcd.print("singh");

delay(1000);

}

void loop() {

// scroll 29 positions (string length + display length) to the right

// to move it offscreen right:

for (int positionCounter = 0; positionCounter < 8; positionCounter++) {

// scroll one position right:

lcd.scrollDisplayRight();

// wait a bit:

delay(300);

}

// scroll 16 positions (display length + string length) to the left

// to move it back to center:

for (int positionCounter = 7; positionCounter>=0; positionCounter--) {

// scroll one position left:

lcd.scrollDisplayLeft();

// wait a bit:

delay(300); }

//delay at the end of the full loop:

delay(100);

}

Experiment – Obstacle detection using Ultrasonic Sensor

Requirements – LCD, Arduino Board, Breadboard, Ultrasonic Sensor, Jumper

Wires, Resistence

Fig – 6 Ultrasonic Sensor interfacing with Arduino

Code –

unsigned long echo = 0;

int ultraSoundSignal = 9; // Ultrasound signal pin

unsigned long ultrasoundValue = 0;

void setup()

{

Serial.begin(9600);

pinMode(ultraSoundSignal,OUTPUT);

}

unsigned long ping()

{

pinMode(ultraSoundSignal, OUTPUT); // Switch signalpin to output

digitalWrite(ultraSoundSignal, LOW); // Send low pulse

delayMicroseconds(2); // Wait for 2 microseconds

digitalWrite(ultraSoundSignal, HIGH); // Send high pulse

delayMicroseconds(5); // Wait for 5 microseconds

digitalWrite(ultraSoundSignal, LOW); // Holdoff

pinMode(ultraSoundSignal, INPUT); // Switch signalpin to input

digitalWrite(ultraSoundSignal, HIGH); // Turn on pullup resistor

// please note that pulseIn has a 1sec timeout, which may

// not be desirable. Depending on your sensor specs, you

// can likely bound the time like this -- marcmerlin

// echo = pulseIn(ultraSoundSignal, HIGH, 38000)

echo = pulseIn(ultraSoundSignal, HIGH); //Listen for echo

ultrasoundValue = (echo / 58.138) * .39; //convert to CM then to inches

return ultrasoundValue;

}

void loop()

{

int x = 0;

x = ping();

Serial.println(x);

delay(250); //delay 1/4 seconds

}

Experiment – Using Gyro Sensor and Accelerometer with Arduino

Requirements – LCD, Arduino Board, Breadboard, Gyro Sensor, Accelerometer,

Jumper Wires, Resistence

Code –

#include<Wire.h>

const int MPU_addr=0x68; // I2C address of the MPU-6050

int16_t AcX,AcY,AcZ,Tmp,GyX,GyY,GyZ;

void setup(){

Wire.begin();

Wire.beginTransmission(MPU_addr);

Wire.write(0x6B); // PWR_MGMT_1 register

Wire.write(0); // set to zero (wakes up the MPU-6050)

Wire.endTransmission(true);

Serial.begin(9600);

}

void loop(){

Wire.beginTransmission(MPU_addr);

Wire.write(0x3B); // starting with register 0x3B (ACCEL_XOUT_H)

Wire.endTransmission(false);

Wire.requestFrom(MPU_addr,14,true); // request a total of 14 registers

AcX=Wire.read()<<8|Wire.read(); // 0x3B (ACCEL_XOUT_H) & 0x3C

(ACCEL_XOUT_L)

AcY=Wire.read()<<8|Wire.read(); // 0x3D (ACCEL_YOUT_H) & 0x3E

(ACCEL_YOUT_L)

AcZ=Wire.read()<<8|Wire.read(); // 0x3F (ACCEL_ZOUT_H) & 0x40

(ACCEL_ZOUT_L)

Tmp=Wire.read()<<8|Wire.read(); // 0x41 (TEMP_OUT_H) & 0x42

(TEMP_OUT_L)

GyX=Wire.read()<<8|Wire.read(); // 0x43 (GYRO_XOUT_H) & 0x44

(GYRO_XOUT_L)

GyY=Wire.read()<<8|Wire.read(); // 0x45 (GYRO_YOUT_H) & 0x46

(GYRO_YOUT_L)

GyZ=Wire.read()<<8|Wire.read(); // 0x47 (GYRO_ZOUT_H) & 0x48

(GYRO_ZOUT_L)

Serial.print("AcX = "); Serial.print(AcX);

Serial.print(" | AcY = "); Serial.print(AcY);

Serial.print(" | AcZ = "); Serial.print(AcZ);

Serial.print(" | Tmp = "); Serial.print(Tmp/340.00+36.53); //equation for

temperature in degrees C from datasheet

Serial.print(" | GyX = "); Serial.print(GyX);

Serial.print(" | GyY = "); Serial.print(GyY);

Serial.print(" | GyZ = "); Serial.println(GyZ); delay(333); }

Experiment – To control robocar using Zigbee

Background – In this project we learned to control the robocar through zigbee. To

control the buggy using first we need to interface that zigbee with the pc and

configure the zigbee as in the task we used 2 zigbees one router and the other

coordinator . For configuring the zigbees we require a software named xctu. The

task was to control the buggy with the help of zigbee and the buggy should avoid

the obstacle too for that we inculated the ultrasonic sensor into our buggy.

Code –

// initialize digital pin motor as an output

int LF = 5;

int LB = 6;

int RB = 7;

int RF = 8;

String dir;

// a string to hold incoming data

void setup()

{

Serial.begin(9600);

pinMode(LF, OUTPUT);

pinMode(LB, OUTPUT);

pinMode(RF, OUTPUT);

pinMode(RB, OUTPUT);

}

void loop()

{

dir = Serial.readString();

//if 'W' is received ---> then move forward for 400 milliseconds

if(dir=="W")

{

forward();

delay(400);

stops();

}

//if 'Q' is received ---> then move forward for 1200 milliseconds

else if(dir=="Q")

{

forward();

delay(1200);

stops();

}

//if 'S' is received ---> then move backward for 400 milliseconds

else if(dir=="S")

{

backward();

delay(400);

stops();

}

//if 'D' is received ---> then move right for 210 milliseconds

else if(dir=="D")

{

right();

delay(210);

stops();

}

//if 'A' is received ---> then move left for 210 milliseconds

else if(dir=="A")

{

left();

delay(210);

stops();

}

//if 'X' is received ---> then stops the buggy

else if(dir=="X")

{

stops();

}

//if 'F' is received ---> then move right for 210 milliseconds and 500 milliseconds

else if(dir=="F")

{

right();

delay(210);

forward();

delay(500);

stops();

}

//if 'F' is received ---> then move left for 210 milliseconds and 500 milliseconds

else if(dir=="E")

{

left();

delay(210);

forward();

delay(500);

stops();

}

}

//function for moving forward

void forward()

{

digitalWrite(LF, HIGH);

digitalWrite(LB, LOW);

digitalWrite(RF, HIGH);

digitalWrite(RB, LOW);

}

//function for moving backward

void backward()

{

digitalWrite(LF, LOW);

digitalWrite(LB, HIGH);

digitalWrite(RF, LOW);

digitalWrite(RB, HIGH);

}

//function for turning left

void left()

{

digitalWrite(LF, LOW);

digitalWrite(LB, HIGH);

digitalWrite(RF, HIGH);

digitalWrite(RB, LOW);

}

//function for turning right

void right()

{

digitalWrite(LF, HIGH);

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Arduino UNO Programs