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BACKYARD POULTRY BACKYARD POULTRY PRODUCTION IN KERALA PRODUCTION IN KERALA

Backyard Poultry Production In Kerala

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IRSHAD A 2006 BATCH COLLEGE OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES.MANNUTHY, KERALA INDIA

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Page 1: Backyard Poultry Production In Kerala

BACKYARD POULTRY BACKYARD POULTRY PRODUCTION IN KERALAPRODUCTION IN KERALA

Page 2: Backyard Poultry Production In Kerala

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

““THE HITECH SYSTEMS WHICH DOMINATE IN THE HITECH SYSTEMS WHICH DOMINATE IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ARE NOT DEVELOPED COUNTRIES ARE NOT NECESSARILY BE APPROPRIATE AND MAY NECESSARILY BE APPROPRIATE AND MAY NOT WORK IN DENSELY POPULATED NOT WORK IN DENSELY POPULATED DEVELOPING COUNTRIES”.DEVELOPING COUNTRIES”.

DR. YAMANDADR. YAMANDA

FORMER PRESIDENTFORMER PRESIDENTWPSAWPSA

( at 19( at 19thth WPC at WPC at Amsterdam Amsterdam ))

Page 3: Backyard Poultry Production In Kerala

REASONS FOR BOOSTING BACKYARD REASONS FOR BOOSTING BACKYARD POULTRY PRODUCTIONPOULTRY PRODUCTION

1. Unique characteristics of Indigenous breeds1. Unique characteristics of Indigenous breeds a) Hardinessa) Hardiness

b) High resistance to common diseasesb) High resistance to common diseases c) Heat tolerancec) Heat tolerance

-frizzled feathers -frizzled feathers -naked neck-naked neck-fibrinomelanosis-fibrinomelanosis

d) High medicinal valued) High medicinal value2. Low input –2. Low input – feed cost,shelter,labourfeed cost,shelter,labour 3. Preference of country birds3. Preference of country birds4.Nutritional security 4.Nutritional security

Page 4: Backyard Poultry Production In Kerala

THRILLING BENEFITSTHRILLING BENEFITS

1.1. Fights malnutritionFights malnutrition

2.2. Better priceBetter price

3.3. Minimum land, labour and capitalMinimum land, labour and capital

4.4. High skill not requiredHigh skill not required

5.5. Regular source of incomeRegular source of income

6.6. Better hospitality Better hospitality

7.7. Enjoyable and satisfying hobbyEnjoyable and satisfying hobby

8.8. New generation gets interested in A.H. activitiesNew generation gets interested in A.H. activities

Page 5: Backyard Poultry Production In Kerala

CHALLENGESCHALLENGES

1.1. Decrease in backyard space.Decrease in backyard space.2.2. Multi crop production.Multi crop production.3.3. Insecticides on crops.Insecticides on crops.4.4. Non availability of suitable germ plasm for Non availability of suitable germ plasm for

backyard poultry.backyard poultry.5.5. Sluggishness of upgraded birds.Sluggishness of upgraded birds.6.6. Local laws Local laws - - MayMay not permit to rear adequate not permit to rear adequate

no. of birdsno. of birds7.7. Lack of knowledge.Lack of knowledge.8.8. Preventive measure may not be available.Preventive measure may not be available.

Page 6: Backyard Poultry Production In Kerala

STRATEGIES FOR STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVEMENTIMPROVEMENT

Genetic make-up of birdsGenetic make-up of birds Avoidance of inbreedingAvoidance of inbreeding Housing and productionHousing and production Supplement nutritionSupplement nutrition Disease prevention and controlDisease prevention and control Training to farmersTraining to farmers

Page 7: Backyard Poultry Production In Kerala

GENETIC MAKE-UP OF BIRDSGENETIC MAKE-UP OF BIRDS

Upgrading – by crossing with exotic males Upgrading – by crossing with exotic males for six generationfor six generation

Rearing of improved desi fowls Rearing of improved desi fowls

e.g. Gramalakshmi & Gramasree e.g. Gramalakshmi & Gramasree (Dept. of Poultry Sciences, COVAS, Mannuthy)(Dept. of Poultry Sciences, COVAS, Mannuthy)

GirirajaGiriraja (Dept. of poultry sciences, Bangalore )(Dept. of poultry sciences, Bangalore )

Page 8: Backyard Poultry Production In Kerala

GRAMALAKSHMIGRAMALAKSHMI GIRIRAJAGIRIRAJA

Page 9: Backyard Poultry Production In Kerala

AVOIDANCE OF INBREEDINGAVOIDANCE OF INBREEDING

Replace with appropriate cross bred birdsReplace with appropriate cross bred birds

Change cocks with cocks from nearby Change cocks with cocks from nearby villagevillage

Page 10: Backyard Poultry Production In Kerala
Page 11: Backyard Poultry Production In Kerala

HOUSING AND PRODUCTIONHOUSING AND PRODUCTION

Night shelter with adequate protection Night shelter with adequate protection from bad weather and predatorsfrom bad weather and predators

Type depending on number of birds rearedType depending on number of birds reared For 10-15 hens a small mud hut of For 10-15 hens a small mud hut of

1-1.2 m1-1.2 m3 3 having one side mesh wall having one side mesh wall For 50 or more – elaborate shelter For 50 or more – elaborate shelter

advisable. 50 hens – 3 x 2.3 madvisable. 50 hens – 3 x 2.3 m22 – 76 sq.ft – 76 sq.ft

Page 12: Backyard Poultry Production In Kerala
Page 13: Backyard Poultry Production In Kerala

SUPPLEMENT NUTRITIONSUPPLEMENT NUTRITION

Reduction of natural feed resources for Reduction of natural feed resources for scavengingscavenging

Feeding with single grain does not give Feeding with single grain does not give balanced rationbalanced ration

Page 14: Backyard Poultry Production In Kerala
Page 15: Backyard Poultry Production In Kerala

CONCENTRATE SUPPLEMENTCONCENTRATE SUPPLEMENT Energy feeds-Energy feeds-

broken ricebroken ricerice polishrice polishrice branrice brantapioca mealtapioca meal

Vegetable ProteinVegetable Protein ground nut cakeground nut cake

coconut cakecoconut cakesoybean mealsoybean meal

Animal protein feedAnimal protein feedfishmealfishmealpoultry waste mealpoultry waste mealmeat mealmeat meal

Minerals & vitaminsMinerals & vitaminsoyster shell gritoyster shell gritdicalcium phosphatedicalcium phosphateready made vitamin mixturesready made vitamin mixtures

FillersFillersdeoiled rice brandeoiled rice branwheat branwheat bran

Green mealsGreen mealsdehydrated green meal—Lucerne leavesdehydrated green meal—Lucerne leaves

Page 16: Backyard Poultry Production In Kerala

PREVENTION & CONTROL OF PREVENTION & CONTROL OF DISEASEDISEASE

Synchronisation of hatching in adjacent 2-3villages.Synchronisation of hatching in adjacent 2-3villages.

Periodical deworming every 2 months should be Periodical deworming every 2 months should be practiced.practiced.

Using coccidiostat during rainy season.Using coccidiostat during rainy season.

Page 17: Backyard Poultry Production In Kerala

SIGNIFICANCE OF BACKYARD SIGNIFICANCE OF BACKYARD POULTRY PRODUCTION POULTRY PRODUCTION IN KERALAIN KERALA

1.1. 70% of the house-holds rear backyard 70% of the house-holds rear backyard poultrypoultry

2.2. It is a rural poultry production technologyIt is a rural poultry production technology

3.3. Low feeding cost technologyLow feeding cost technology

4.4. Production of eggs in the state -Production of eggs in the state -127crores/year (2001-02) 127crores/year (2001-02)

5.5. Inflow of eggs -400crores/yearInflow of eggs -400crores/year

Page 18: Backyard Poultry Production In Kerala

COMPARISON OF DESI AND COMPARISON OF DESI AND IMPROVED FOWLS-KERALAIMPROVED FOWLS-KERALA

83

90

53

6166

93

133

110

77

3.5 5.9

6669

78

12.9

84.5

24

33

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

1961 1966 1972 1977 1982 1987 1996 2000 2003

years

desi fowls improved fowls

Page 19: Backyard Poultry Production In Kerala

CENSUS-2003CENSUS-2003

DISTRICTDISTRICTDESIDESI

COCKSCOCKSDESI DESI HENSHENS

DESI DESI CHICKEN<5CHICKEN<5

MM

TOTAL TOTAL DESIDESI

In lakhsIn lakhs

TOTAL TOTAL IMPROVEDIMPROVED

In lakhsIn lakhs

TOTALTOTALFOWLSFOWLSIn lakhsIn lakhs

TrivandrumTrivandrum 9016590165 312170312170 140898140898 5.45.4 4.84.8 10.210.2

KollamKollam 4895648956 207516207516 8123481234 3.43.4 3.53.5 6.96.9

PathanamthitaPathanamthita 4964449644 260473260473 7508975089 3.93.9 2.32.3 6.26.2

AlappuzhaAlappuzha 5679656796 300621300621 7456774567 4.34.3 1.61.6 5.95.9

KottayamKottayam 9599795997 474786474786 121123121123 6.96.9 2.32.3 9.29.2

IdukkiIdukki 4618346183 158163158163 6098760987 2.62.6 1.51.5 4.14.1

ErnakulamErnakulam 112779112779 420769420769 143567143567 6.86.8 3.13.1 9.99.9

ThrissurThrissur 135210135210 508362508362 174565174565 8.28.2 3.73.7 11.911.9

PalakkadPalakkad 218209218209 460349460349 269089269089 9.59.5 1.91.9 11.411.4

MalappuramMalappuram 261651261651 666846666846 270897270897 1212 2.52.5 14.514.5

KozhikodeKozhikode 109951109951 356289356289 120765120765 5.95.9 1.71.7 7.67.6

KannurKannur 5360753607 192021192021 4967849678 3.03.0 1.61.6 4.64.6

WynadWynad 4012240122 126172126172 3867838678 2.02.0 1.21.2 3.23.2

KasargodKasargod 102237102237 171516171516 3545635456 3.13.1 0.80.8 3.93.9

TOTALTOTAL 7777 3333 110110

Page 20: Backyard Poultry Production In Kerala

REASONS OF DECLINEREASONS OF DECLINE

1.1. Productive life span of improved varieties are Productive life span of improved varieties are just halfjust half

2.2. As improved varieties have no broodiness the As improved varieties have no broodiness the traditional chick production have come downtraditional chick production have come down

3.3. Ban on killing of stray dogs and unscientific Ban on killing of stray dogs and unscientific slaughter houses was a great threat to rural slaughter houses was a great threat to rural poultry productionpoultry production

4.4. Mortality due to RD was high during the periodMortality due to RD was high during the period

Page 21: Backyard Poultry Production In Kerala

SUMMARYSUMMARY

Increased labour cost and feed cost gives limited scope for Increased labour cost and feed cost gives limited scope for large poultry farms and so backyard poultry production large poultry farms and so backyard poultry production should be encouraged. should be encouraged.

There should be projects to protect our own desi birds as There should be projects to protect our own desi birds as they are well acclimatized to our environmentthey are well acclimatized to our environment

University should conduct study on the desi breeds , University should conduct study on the desi breeds , conserve them for the future and evolve new varieties conserve them for the future and evolve new varieties suitable for backyard poultry rearing-suitable for backyard poultry rearing-

Egg production alone should not be the only criteria Egg production alone should not be the only criteria but also the colour of the bird, disease resistance, but also the colour of the bird, disease resistance, adaptability and broodiness should be considered adaptability and broodiness should be considered

Page 22: Backyard Poultry Production In Kerala
Page 23: Backyard Poultry Production In Kerala

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

Intensive animal husbandry practice Intensive animal husbandry practice have sacrificed our traditional agro – have sacrificed our traditional agro – livestock culture and also the rural livestock culture and also the rural economy which can be annulated if economy which can be annulated if traditional farming can be revived and traditional farming can be revived and hence it should be the endeavor to hence it should be the endeavor to encourage and popularise encourage and popularise

BACKYARD POULTRY PRODUCTIONBACKYARD POULTRY PRODUCTION for the good cause of farmers of Keralafor the good cause of farmers of Kerala ..

Page 24: Backyard Poultry Production In Kerala