3. Tm tt tnh cht ha hc ca axit v c Axit v c Phn ly H3O+ Cht ch
th i mu qu tm, giy th pH Kim loi trc H Oxit baz baz H2 Mui Mui ca
axit yu hn Mui mi Axit mi (yu)
03:0002:5902:5802:5702:5602:5502:5402:5302:5202:5102:5002:4902:4802:4702:4602:4502:4402:4302:4202:4102:4002:3902:3802:3702:3602:3502:3402:3302:3202:3102:3002:2902:2802:2702:2602:2502:2402:2302:2202:2102:2002:1902:1802:1702:1602:1502:1402:1302:1202:1102:1002:0902:0802:0702:0602:0502:0402:0302:0202:0102:0001:5901:5801:5701:5601:5501:5401:5301:5201:5101:5001:4901:4801:4701:4601:4501:4401:4301:4201:4101:4001:3901:3801:3701:3601:3501:3401:3301:3201:3101:3001:2901:2801:2701:2601:2501:2401:2301:2201:2101:2001:1901:1801:1701:1601:1501:1401:1301:1201:1101:1001:0901:0801:0701:0601:0501:0401:0301:0201:0101:0000:5900:5800:5700:5600:5500:5400:5300:5200:5100:5000:4900:4800:4700:4600:4500:4400:4300:4200:4100:4000:3900:3800:3700:3600:3500:3400:3300:3200:3100:3000:2900:2800:2700:2600:2500:2400:2300:2200:2100:2000:1900:1800:1700:1600:1500:1400:1300:1200:1100:1000:0900:0800:0700:0600:0500:0400:0300:0200:0100:00
4. So snh tnh cht ha hc ca axit cacboxylic Tin hnh cc th nghim
sau: 1/ Th bng qu tm v giy th pH 2/ Tc dng vi kim 3/ Tc dng vi kim
loi 4/ Tc dng vi oxit baz 5/ Tc dng vi mui ca axit yu
5. Kt lun: - Axit cacboxylic cng c tnh axit tng t nh axit v c.
- Axit cacboxylic phn ly trong nc khng hon ton. Nn cc axit
cacboxylic l nhng axit yu. - Axit cacboxylic phn ng chm hn so vi cc
axit v c mnh nh HCl, H2SO4
6. C O R H + - O H H O H H O + Tch nhm -OH C bt dng in hn so vi
nhm cacbonyl, nn cc phn ng ca nhm >C=O s khc vi anehit/xeton CU
TRC CA AXIT CACBOXYLIC
7. Cc phn ng c trng ca nhm chc axit -COOH 1/ Phn ng este ha Tng
qut: H+ , to R C OH O RH O+ R C O R O + H2O H2SO4, , to Tho lun
02:0001:5901:5801:5701:5601:5501:5401:5301:5201:5101:5001:4901:4801:4701:4601:4501:4401:4301:4201:4101:4001:3901:3801:3701:3601:3501:3401:3301:3201:3101:3001:2901:2801:2701:2601:2501:2401:2301:2201:2101:2001:1901:1801:1701:1601:1501:1401:1301:1201:1101:1001:0901:0801:0701:0601:0501:0401:0301:0201:0101:0000:5900:5800:5700:5600:5500:5400:5300:5200:5100:5000:4900:4800:4700:4600:4500:4400:4300:4200:4100:4000:3900:3800:3700:3600:3500:3400:3300:3200:3100:3000:2900:2800:2700:2600:2500:2400:2300:2200:2100:2000:1900:1800:1700:1600:1500:1400:1300:1200:1100:1000:0900:0800:0700:0600:0500:0400:0300:0200:0100:00
8. S iu ch este
9. S iu ch este
10. Cc phn ng c trng ca nhm chc axit -COOH 2/ Phn ng tch nc: R
C OH O + O C R O H P2O5 R C O O C R O + H2O P2O5 + H2O2 CH3COOH
(CH3CO)2O Anhirit axetic
11. Cc phn ng c trng ca nhm chc axit -COOH 3/ Phn ng th C
CH3CHCOOH H + Cl2 P CH3CHCOOH Cl + HCl
12. Cc phn ng khc do gc R 1/ Phn ng th trn vng benzen COOH NO2
+ H2O COOH + HNO3, H2SO4, to
13. Cc phn ng khc do gc R 2/ Phn ng ca ni i C=C Cc axit khng no
c phn ng cng X2 (X: H, Cl, Br,) vo ni i C=C tng t nh anken.
CH2=CHCOOH + X2 CH2 CHCOOH X X
14. Cc phn ng khc do gc R 2/ Phn ng ca ni i C=C Ngoi ra, cc phn
ng nh oxi ha bng dung dch KMnO4, trng hp vn xy ra i vi axit
cacboxylic khng no. CH2=CH COOHCH2 KMnO4 CH2 CH COOHCH2 OHOH
CH=CHCOOHn CH3 xt, to p CH CH COOHCH3 ( )n
15. Cc phn ng khc do gc R CH2=CHCOOH HX ???Vy
16. Phn ng c trng ca hp cht hu c CxHyOz + (x + - ) O2 y 4 z 2
to x CO2 + y 2 H2O
17. iu ch axit cacboxylic Quy tc chung: RCOOH RCHO + O2 xt, to
R-X KCN R-CN H3O+ to RCOOR H3O+ to
18. iu ch axit cacboxylic iu ch axit thm: COOHR KMnO4 to COOK
H3O+
19. iu ch axit cacboxylic iu ch axit axetic: CH3CH2OH + O2 Men
gim 25-30oC CH3COOH + H2O CH3CHO + O2 xt, to CH3COOH CH3OH + CO xt,
to, p CH3COOH
