- 1. GVHD: L c LongNhm thc hin: Nhm 141. Bi Minh Cng
K37.103.0292. ng Th Kim Nguyn K37.103.0613. Nguyn L Tho Trm
K37.103.083 1
2. Ni dung trnh by1. C s l thuyt cho m hnh dy hc trc tuyn2. Ng
cnh dy v hc Vit Nam v iu kinthc t ca dy hc trng ph thng3. M hnh hc
tp kt hp p dng trong ng cnhdy v hc Vit Nam4. Cc vn cn quan tm trong
vic xy dngchin lc s phm i vi mt h e-Learningtheo ng cnh2 3. 1. C s
l thuyt cho mhnh dy hc trc tuyn3 4. C S L THUYT TRONG M HNHDY HC
TRC TUYNNhm cc thuyt khch quanThuyt hnh vi.Thuyt nhn thc.Nhm thuyt
kin toThuyt kin to4 5. Thuyt hnh vi C s l thuyt: Hc tp l qu trnh
thay i hnh vi M hnh hc tp:Thng tinu voHc sinhGio vinkim tra Thuyt
hnh vi c ng dng c bit trong dy hc bngmy vi tnh v hun luyn thao tc.
Trong nguyn tc quantrng l phn chia ni dung hc tp thnh nhng n v
kinthc nh, t chc cho hc lnh hi tri thc, k nng theo mttrnh t v thng
xuyn kim tra kt qu u ra iu chnhqu trnh hc tp5 6. Thuyt hnh vic im
chung ca c ch hc tp theo thuyt hnh vi: Dy hc c nh hng theo cc hnh
vi c trng c thquan st c. Cc qu trnh hc tp phc tp c chia thnh mt
chuicc bc hc tp n gin, trong bao gm cc hnh vi cth vi trnh t c quy
nh sn. Nhng hnh vi phc tpc xy dng thng qua s kt hp cc bc hc tp ngin
GV h tr v khuyn khch hnh vi ng n ca ngi hc,tc l sp xp vic hc tp sao
cho ngi hc t c nhnghnh vi mong mun v s c phn hi trc tip (khenthng v
cng nhn). GV thng xuyn iu chnh v gim st qu trnh hc tp kim sot tin b
hc tp v iu chnh kp thi nhng sailm.6 7. Thuyt nhn thc C s l thuyt:
Thuyt nhn thc coi hc tp l qutrnh x l thng tin. M hnh hc tp:Thng tin
uvoHc sinh(qutrnh nhn thc,gii quyt vn)Kin thc ura Thuyt nhn thc c
ng dng rng ri trong dy hc. Ccphng php, quan im dy hc c c bit ch l
dyhc gii quyt vn , dy hc nh hng hnh ng, dy hckhm ph, dy hc theo
nhm7 8. Thuyt nhn thcc im c bn ca hc tp theo quan im ca thuyt nhn
thc l: Mc ch ca vic dy hc l to ra nhng kh nng ngi hc hiuth gii thc
(kin thc khch quan). V vy, t c mc tiu hctp, khng ch kt qu hc tp m c
qu trnh hc tp v qu trnh tduy l u quan trng Nhim v ca ngi dy l to ra
mi trng hc tp thun li, thngxuyn khuyn khch cc qu trnh t duy, hc
sinh cn c to c hihot ng v t duy tch cc Gii quyt vn c ngha c bit
quan trng trong vic pht trint duy. Cc phng php hc tp c vai tr quan
trng trong qu trnh hc tpca hc sinh Vic hc tp thc hin trong nhm c
vai tr quan trng, gip tngcng nhng kh nng v mt x hi. Cn c s kt hp
thch hp nhng ni dung do gio vin truyn t vnhng nhim v t lc chim lnh
v vn dng tri thc ca hc sinh8 9. Thuyt kin too C s l thuyt: ngi hc
xydng kin thc ca ring h vth hin kin thc t tri nghimca mnh. Vic hc
tp khng phidin ra nh qu trnh chuyn thngtin t gio vin hay gio trnh
nb no ca hc sinh; thay vo ,mi ngi hc t xy dng hiubit hp l mang tnh
c nhn caring h.Jean Piaget (1896 1980)9 10. Thuyt kin toNhng c im c
bn ca hc tp theo thuyt kin to: Tri thc c lnh hi trong hc tp l mt qu
trnh v sn phm kin totheo tng c nhn thong qua tng tc gia ngi hc v ni
dung hc tp. Dy hc phi nh hng theo cc lnh vc v vn phc hp gn vi
cucsng, thc t c kho st mt cch tng th. Vic hc tp ch c th thc hin
trong hot ng tch cc ca ngi hc, v cht nhng kinh nghim v kin thc mi
ca bn thn th mi c th thay iv c nhn ha nhng kin thc k nng c. Hc tp
trong nhm c ngha quan trng, thng qua tng tc x hi trongnhm gp phn
cho ngi hc t iu chnh s hc tp ca bn thn. Ni dung hc tp cn nh hng vo
hng th ngi hc v c th hc hi dnht t nhng ni dung m ngi ta thy hng th
hoc c tnh thch thc Thuyt kin to khng ch gii hn nhng kha cnh nhn thc
ca vic dyv hc. S hc tp hp tc i hi v khuyn khch pht trin khng ch c
lch m c mt tnh cm, thi , giao tip.>>> p dng thuyt kin to
trong m hnh dy trc tuyn khi nh gicc kt qu hc tp khng nh hng theo cc
sn phm hc tp, m cnkim tra nhng tin b trong qu trnh hc tp v trong
nhng tnh hunghc tp phc hp. 10 11. 2. Ng cnh dy v hc VitNam v iu kin
thc t cady hc trng ph thng11 12. c im v lch s dy hc Vit Nam thi k
cha hnh thnh t chc nhtrng, mt GV thng dy cho mtnhm nh HS, c th chnh
lch nhaukh nhiu v la tui v trnh .Chng hn thy Nho nc ta thik phong
kin dy trong cng mt lpt a tr mi bt u hc Tam t kinhn cc mn sinh i
thi t ti. Trongkiu dy hc ny, ng thy bt bucphi coi trng trnh , nng
lc, tnhcch ca mi hc tr v cng c iukin thc hin cch dy thch hpvi mi
HS, vai tr ch ng tch ccca ngi hc c cao, tuy nhinnng sut dy hc qu
thp. 12 13. c im v lch s dy hc Vit Nam Sau xut hin t chc nhtrng vi
nhng lp hc cnhiu HS cng la tui v trnh tng i ng u th GVkh c iu kin
chm lo chotng HS, ging dy cn k chotng em. T hnh thnh kiudy hc thng
bo - nglot. GV phi truyn t htni dung quy nh trong chngtrnh v SGK, c
gng lm chomi HS trong lp hiu v nhnhng li thy ging.>>>T hnh
thnh kiu hc thng, thin v ghi nh, t chu suyngh, hc rp khun. Vai trca
GV hu nh l tuyt i13 14. c im v lch s dy hc Vit Namiu dn n hn ch cht
lng, hiu qu dy hc,khng p ng c yu cu ca x hi i vi sn phm cagio dc nh
trng.Lm sao khc phcc tnh trng?14 15. c im v lch s dy hc Vit Nam
>>> Cn pht huy tnh tch cc ch ng hc tp ca HS, thchin dy hc
phn ha, quan tm n nhu cu kh nng cami c nhn HS. Cc phng php dy hc
tch cc, lyngi hc lm trung tm ra i.15 16. c im v lch s dy hc Vit Nam
Hin nay, vi s bng n v Cng ngh thng tin ko theos pht trin v cc phng
php dy hc tch hp cngngh. Cc cng c, kha hc trc tuyn ng vai trquan
trng trong vic h tr dy v hc. Vit Nam gia nhp mng E-Learning chu
(Asia E-learningNetwork - AEN, www.asia-elearning.net) vi stham gia
ca B Gio dc & o to, B Khoa hc - Cngngh, trng i hc Bch Khoa, B
Bu chnh VinThng...16 17. Tnh hnh pht trin E-learningv ng dng cng
ngh vody hc Vit Nam Tnh hnh nghin cu v ngdng loi hnh o to nyang c
quan tm VitNam. Tuy nhin, so vi ccnc trong khu vc E-Learning Vit
Nam mi ch giai onu cn nhiu vic phi lmmi tin kp cc nc.17 18. Tnh hnh
pht trin E-learningv ng dng cng ngh vody hc Vit Nam i vi thc trng c
im giodc Vit Nam th c mt s khkhn khi ng dng cng ngh,pht trin
E-learning: T xa, con ngi Vit Nam ctruyn thng Tn s trng o.Vai tr ca
ngi thy rt l quantrng. V th vic thay i ttng c mt s kh khn. Mt skhng
chp nhn v tr trung tm cangi hc trong hot ng dy hc ve rng s h thp
vai tr ca GV, to ras i ngi trong nh trng.18 19. Tnh hnh pht trin
E-learningv ng dng cng ngh vody hc Vit Nam t nc chng ta c rt
nhiuvng min khc nhau m ti c s vt cht, iu kin honton khc nhau to nn
nhngnt vn ha, phong cch hc tp,tnh hnh c s vt cht khcnhau nn vic
trin khai, phttrin E-learning cn mt s khkhn.19 20. Tnh hnh pht trin
E-learningv ng dng cng ngh vody hc Vit Nam mt s gio vin cn hnch v
kh nng ng dngcng ngh thng tin trong dyhc, hn ch kin thc v cccng c h
tr qun l v dyhc. Tng t hc sinh, mt shc sinh cha c iu kin tipxc nhiu
v hn ch kh nngs dng cc cng ngh phcv qu trnh hc tp.20 21. ng dng
trong mi trngi hc Vit Nam Hin nay, cc trng i hc Vit Namng dng mnh m
cc cng ngh trongging dy. Cc ging vin ng dngmt cch ph hp gip cho qu
trnhtruyn t kin thc v qu trnh t hcca sinh vin t hiu qu cao. Hu ht
cc trng i hc Vit Namnghin cu v trin khai E-Learning, mts trng bc u
trin khai ccphn mm h tr o to v cho cc ktqu kh quan : i hc Cng ngh
-HQG H Ni, Vin CNTT HQG HNi, i hc Bch Khoa H Ni, HQGTP H Ch
Minh,HSP TPHCM, Hcvin Bu chnh Vin thng,...21 22. ng dng trong mi
trngi hc Vit Nam22 23. ng dng trong mi trngi hc Vit Nam23 24. ng
dng trong mi trngph thng Vit Nam Hin nay, cc trng ph thng cha ng
dng nhiu cngngh trong dy hc do c im chng trnh, hn ch viu kin, thi
gian. Do i tng l hc sinh cn ph thuc vo cch hc truynthng, cha c tnh
c lp cao v kh nng s dng cng ccn hn ch nn vic ng dng elearning cha c
phttrin mnh m trong trng ph thng.24 25. 3. M hnh hc tp kt hpp dng
trong ng cnh dyv hc Vit Nam25 26. 26Qua phn trnh bytrn bn hy rt
rakt lun v Ngcnh dy v hc Vit Nam hin nay? 27. Th no l hc tp kt
hp(Blended Learning)?KHAI NIMBlended learning ch mhnh kt hp gia hnh
thclp hc truyn thng (faceto face class) v cc giiphp hc trc tuyn
(e-learning).o Trn lp: GV gii thiu v trnh by ni dunghoc a ra cc cu
hi mang tnh nh hng lin h ti kin thc.Blended learningo Hc trc tuyn:
GV t cu hi trn lp hoctrn trang web. HS tr li cc cu hi bngcch tm hiu
vn nh t liu m GV cungcp v t liu t tm kim trn mng, thng quas h tr ca
cc cng c trc tuyn nh email,chat,27 28. Ti sao cn dy v hc kt
hp?Trong nghin cu khoa hc gio dc, Blendedlearning c ngha quan trng
v mt ly thuyt.Hin nay, Blended learning ang l mt xu thpht trin mnh
trn th gii v bt u pdng Vit Nam. [1]Kin thc c lng ghep, tch hp trong
bi hc ch c GVnhc ti hoc lin h rt t trong tit hc. M hnh hc tp
Blendedlearning c a ra nhm p ng tha mn hai yu cu gipHS va nm vng
kin thc ng thi khng lm nh hng tithi gian hc mn hc trn lp.28 29. Cu
trc ca Blended Learning Blended Learning l s kt hp gia hc trn lp
(gm: biging, tho lun, bi tp, ti liu hng dn, ti liu lin quanti mn
hc, phng thi nghim) va hc trc tuyn (gm: khost trc tuyn, th in t,
tho lun qua mng, din n trnmng, truyn thng a phng tin, ti liu trn
mng, t kimtra).29 30. Nhc li nhcim ca hnh thchc truyn thng vhc trc
tuyn e-Learning?30 31. 31 32. 32 33.
http://www.dreambox.com/blog/6-models-blended-learning 33 34. Trong
tt c cc m hnh hc tp tng hp, mt i mt l gn nhtvi mt cu trc hc in hnh.
Vi phng php ny, vic gii thiucc hng dn trc tuyn c quyt nh trn c s
tng trng hpc th, c ngha l ch c sinh vin no trong mt lp nht nh stham
gia vo bt k hnh thc hc tp tng hp. Phng php iukhin mt i mt cho phep
sinh vin gp kh khn hoc lm victrn trnh lp ca h tin b theo tc ca ring
h s dngcng ngh trong lp hc.34 35. Mt s lng ln sinh vin c h tr phi
truyn thng hoc cnguy c cao thng chn m hnh linh hot ca hc tp tng hp.
Viphng php ny, ti liu hc tp ch yu c cung cp trc tuyn.Mc d gio vin
trong lp hc cung cp, h tr ti ch khi cn thit,hc tp ch yu l t tm hiu,
nh sinh vin c lp tm hiu v thchnh cc khi nim mi trong mt mi trng k
thut s. M hnh linhhot c tip cn v s dng bi AdvancePath Academy- mt
trnghc tp tng hp, lm vic vi cc i tc gii quyt cc nhu cu casinh vin
vi nhng thch thc hnh vi, hc tp v hoc kinh t x hi.Trong hnh thc hc
tp tng hp, sinh vin lun phin giacc khng gian khc nhau trn mt lch
trnh c nh - c thlm vic trc tuyn hoc dnh thi gian mt i mt vi giovin.
M hnh lun phin c s dng rng ri hn trong cctrng tiu hc - 80 phn trm
cc trng tiu hc California s dng hc tp tng hp theo m hnh lun phin- v
nhiu ngi c thit lp hc sinh lun phin giacc khng gian hc tp.35 36.
Hnh thc ny ph bin cc trng ph thng, cc m hnh nycung cp cho sinh vin
c hi theo hc cc lp ngoi nhng g ccung cp ti trng. Trong khi nhng ngi
hc ny vn tham d mtmi trng hc truyn thng, h cng la chn b sung cho
vic hcca mnh thng qua cc kha hc trc tuyn c cung cp t xa. phng php
ny thnh cng, hc sinh phic thc t gic cao.i vi nhng hn ch ngun ti
nguyn ngy cng cht ch, cc m hnh phng thnghim trc tuyn ca hc tp tng
hp l mt la chn kh thi gip hc sinh honthnh kha hc, bao gm c nhng ngi
khng c iu kin trc tip hc tp titrng. Trong kch bn ny, hc sinh hc hon
ton trc tuyn, nh i n mt phngth nghim my tnh chuyn dng hon thnh kha
hc ca h. Ngi gim st ccphng th nghim khng nht thit phi l gio vin. iu
ny khng ch cho phepcc trng hc cung cp cc kha hc m h khng c gio vin
hoc khng giovin, m cn cho phep hc sinh lm vic vi mt tc v trong mt
mi trng phhp vi h m khng nh hng n mi trng hc tp ca cc hc sinh khc36
37. u kia ca quang ph t trnh iu khin mt-i-mt chng ta c li xe trc
tuyn, l mt hnh thc hc tp tng hp, trong sinh vin lm vic t xa v vt
liu chyu c cung cp thng qua mt nn tng trc tuyn. Mc d mt i mt
check-in lty chn, hc sinh thng c th tr chuyn vi cc gio vin trc tuyn
nu h c thcmc. M hnh ny ca hc tp tng hp l l tng cho nhng sinh vin cn
linh hothn v c lp trong lch trnh hng ngy ca h. Cch tip cn ny ngy
cng tr nnph bin - mi nm, s lng hc sinh tham gia chng trnh li xe trc
tuyn tngkhong 15 phn trm.37 38. Cc mc ca m hnh hc tpkt hp Blended
LearningMc 1 GV cung cpbi ging vaging bi trnlp, h tr ccti liu hngdn
mn hccho HS. HS tm ti ccti liu linquan ti mnhc thvin, Internet.Mc 2
GV phi thitk cc biging trctuyn va cungcp cho HS. HS tm kimcc ti liu
vcp nht ccthng tin mnhc ca GVbng th int, din n.Mc 3 GV cung cpti
liu aphng tin(c m thanh,hnh nh,video..) choHS, xy dngh thngkim tra
trctuyn kim tra nhky cho mnhc.38 39. Nhng u im ca Blended LearningU
TH CUABLENDEDLEARNINGTo nn s chuyn i m hnh dy hc datrn s tng tc gia
cc bn tham gia, thayi mc tiu bi hc, ly HS lm trung tm Ci thin kt qu
hc tp ca HS. Thi gian hctp linh hot.Tnh ng dng cng ngh thng tin ca
BL phhp vi xu th ca thi i hin nay.Pht huy c nhng u im tch cc m
ICTem li, gip HS tch cc, ch ng chim lnhkin thc v BKH di s t chc, iu
khinca GV thng qua cc hnh thc dy hc mvn m bo lng kin thc c bn
theochng trnh.39 40. 4. Cc vn cn quan tm trong vicxy dng chin lc s
phm i vimt h e-Learning theo ng cnh40 41. Bi ging e-Learning v
biging in t TS Quch Tun Ngc, Cctrng Cc CNTT (B GD&T)cho bit:
Trong cuc thi thit kbi ging E-learning nm 2010,mt kh khn ln l
khinim Bi ging E-learning cncn mi m i vi gio vinph thng, nhiu ngi
chaphn bit gia bi ging in t(BGT) v bi ging Elearning.41 42. k hoch
ln lp c Multimediaha v c s dng cho ngigio vin ln lp, c s tng tctrc
tip gia thy v tr.Bi ging E-learning l biBGT l ton b bi ging,ging
phc v cho vic t hc cahc sinh m khng cn n vai trca gio vin ging
dy.42 43. 43 44. Mt l xy dng ngun tinguyn bi ging Cht lng ngun ti
nguyn biging E-Learning l nhn t quytnh n s lng ngi tham giahc. son
bi ging E-Learningc cht lng i hi tn nhiucng sc ca gio vin. Nhiu gio
vin gii v chuynmn v kh nng s phm, nhngk nng s dng cng ngh (ghihinh,
thu m, s dung phn mm)cn hn ch, nn cha pht huyc i ng ny.44 45. Hai l
v pha ngi hc hcsinhHc tp theo phng php E-Learningi hi ngi hc phi
ctinh thn t hc, do nh hng cchhc th ng truyn thng, tm lhc phi c thy
(khng thy mylm nn), ni dung qu ti titrng... dn n vic tham gia
hcE-Learning cha tr thnh ng lchc tp.45 46. Hin ti ch h tr cha phhp
vi cng sc b ra sonbi ging E-Learning, v vy chakhuyn khch i vi gio
vin. i sng ca gio vin gp nhiukh khn, p lc thi c, bnhthnh tch trong
gio dc... huqu l gio vin khng c thigian u t cho E-Learning.46 47. _
Nhiu hc sinh ngho, nhtl vng su vng xa, chath trang b my vi tnh ktni
Internet, nhiu thng tinkhng tt trn mng Internetdn n gia nh lo
lngkhi con em vo mng cngl nhng l do lm hn chE-Learning i vi hc
sinhph thng Vit Nam.47 48. Ba l c s vt cht_ i hi phi c h tng CNTT
mnh, cng truyn cp quang, xy dngWebsite trng hcvWebsite E-learning
hon chnh chi ph cao, nukhng tn dng ht kha nng caWeb s gy lng ph.48
49. Bn l v nhn lc phc v websiteE-Learning_ Cn c cn b chuyntrch phc
v s hot ng cah thng E-learning._ Tuy nhin,theo quy nhhin ti cha
cbin ch chohot ng ny cc trng phthng.49 50. 50 51. Th nht_ B
GD&T, cc trng ihc, cao ng, cc S GD&T cnxc nh E-Learning l
mt chinlc ca gio dc trong giai onmi, hng n mt x hi hc tp._ B v S
GD&T tngcng hp tc vi cc doanhnghip trong vic xy dng ccWebsite
E-Learning mnh,ngang tm vi mt s website E-Learningca cc nc.51 52. _
Nhng ni c iu kin cn to ra nhng in hnh trong victrin khai
E-Learning, tuyn truyn nhn rng cc in hnh ,ng thi tuyn truyn v ch
trng trin khai E-Learning caB khng ch i vi ngnh gio dc, m cn i vi
ton x hi.52 53. Th hai_ Tng cng tp hun vphng php, k nng, s dngtng
hp nhiu phn mm to bging E-Learning. u t trang thitb, h tr kinh ph
cho gio vin,ging vin trong vic to bi ging.53 54. Th ba_ Cc trng ph
thng hngn Online ha trng hc, bao gmOnline v qun l, iu hnh, tcnghip
v Online v dy v hc._ Website trng hc phitr thnh mt a ch thnthin i
vi cn b, giovin, hc sinh v phhuynh. 54 55. _ Hng dn phng php t hc,
hc nhm, hc tp vtrao i qua mng cho hc sinh, y l nhng k nng cn thit
hc tp gio dc i hc v gio dc ngh nghip sau ny.55 56. Th t_ Qua phn
tch trn cho thy vai tr ca ngi giovin rt quan trng trong vic trin
khai E-Learning, v vycc trng s phm phi l cc trng thc hin
E-Learningtt nht._ Sinh vin s phm ra trng khng ch nm cphng php hc
tp ny m cn l ngi c th to ra biging in t phc v cho ging dy, bi ging
E-Learningphc v cho t hc ca hc sinh.56 57. Cm n Thy v cc bn theo
di!57
