Bonus exitus chymicis 1 2015

YASMIN'NA'–'BONUS'EXITUS'CHYMICIS'2015'

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NO% TOPICS% PAGE% REMARKS%1' Structure'of'atoms' 2' '2' Chemical'formulae'and'equations' 7' '3' Periodic'Table'of'Elements' 11' '4' Chemical'Bonds' 13' '5' Electrochemistry' 15' '6' Acids'and'Bases' 18' '7' Salts' 21' '8' Manufactured'substances'in'the'Industry' 24' '


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STRUCTURE%OF%ATOMS%

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1.'The'table'below'shows'four'substances'and'their'respective'formulae.'

Substance' Chemical%formula'

''''Zinc'sulphate' ''''ZnSO4'

''''Zinc' ''''Zn'

''''Oxygen' ''''O2'

''''Naphthalene' ''''C10H8''

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(a)'(i)' State'one'substance,'which'exists'as'molecules.'

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'' [1'mark]'(ii)'Which'substance'has'the'highest'melting'temperature?'

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'' [1'mark]'(iii)'What'is'the'physical'state'of'zinc'sulphate'at'room'temperature?'

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'' [1'mark]'(iv)'Which'substance'can'conduct'electricity'in'the'solid'state?'

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'' [1'mark]'(v)' Write'the'formula'of'the'ion'formed'for'the'substance'in'(a)(iv).'

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'' [1'mark]'(vi)'Draw'the'arrangement'of'particles'in'zinc.'

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2.'(a)'The'table'below'shows'the'melting'points'and'boiling'points'of'four'substances,'E,'F,'G'and'H.'

' Substance' Melting%point%(˚C)' Boiling%point%(˚C)' Physical%state'

E' _130' 92' ''

F' _130' _71' ''

G' 14' 114' ''

H' 194' 232' '''

' (i)' Fill'in'the'column'of'physical'state'in'the'table'above'(at'room'temperature).'

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' (ii)' What'type'of'bond'is'present'in'substance'F?'

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' (iii)'Which'of'these'substances'is'a'metal?'

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(b)'The'three'diagrams'below'labeled'as'X,'Y'and'Z.'Show'the'different'physical'states'of'a'substance.''

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'' (i)' Is'the'substance'an'element'or'a'compound?'Give'a'reason'for'your'answer.'

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3.'The'diagram'below'shows'the'set_up'of'apparatus'used'to'investigate'the'change'of'states'of'matter'for'liquid'Y.'

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'A'colourless'liquid'Y'is'heated'in'an'oil'bath'and'changes'to'a'colourless'gas'at'113˚C.'

(a)' Name'the'process'for'the'change'of'state'of'matter'from'liquid'Y'to'colourless'gas'at'the'temperature'of'113˚C.'

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(b)' Draw'the'change'in'the'arrangement'of'particles'from'liquid'Y'to'colourless'gas'in'the'boxes'provided.'

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(c)' Sketch'the'graph'of'temperature'against'time'for'the'heating'of'liquid'Y'on'the'axes'provided'below.'


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'' [2'marks]'(d)' Predict'what'will'be'observed'on'the'under'surface'of'the'glass'slide.'

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(e)' In'this'experiment,'can'water'be'used'to'replace'the'oil'in'the'beaker?'Explain.'

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(f)' The'melting'point'of'liquid'Y'is'18˚C.'Suggest'how'you'would'freeze'it'in'the'laboratory.'

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4.''

'The'table'below'shows'five'atoms'of'elements'labeled'C,'F,'H,'I'and'K.'

Atom' Proton%number' Number%of%electrons' Nucleon%number'

C' 11' 11' 23'

F' 17' 17' 35'

H' 17' 17' 37'

I' 19' 19' 39'

K' 36' 36' 84''

Answer'the'following'questions'based'on'the'information'given'in'the'table'by'using'the'letters'as'symbols'of'the'elements.'

(a)' (i)' Among'the'atoms'C,'F,'H,'I'and'K,'which'are'isotopes?'

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' (ii)' Give'a'reason'for'your'answer'given'in'(a)(i).'

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' (iii)'Do'the'isotopes'show'the'same'chemical'properties?'Explain'your'answer.'

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(b)' What'is'the'number'of'valence'electrons'for'element'I?'

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(c)' Element'K,and,I'is'both'in'the'same'period'in'the'Periodic'Table.'

' (i)' Which'period'are'they'in?'

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' (ii)' Give'your'reason.'

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(d)' Atom'K'is'very'unreactive'towards'any'chemical.'Why?'

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CHEMICAL%FORMULAE%AND%EQUATIONS%

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1.''

The'figure'below'shows'the'set_up'of'apparatus'of'an'experiment'to'determine'the'empirical'formula'of'copper'oxide.'

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Hydrogen'gas'is'passed'through'the'combustion'tube,'which'contains'hot'copper'oxide.'

(a)' How'is'hydrogen'gas'produced'in'the'laboratory'for'this'experiment?'

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(b)' Before'copper'oxide'is'heated,'hydrogen'gas'is'allowed'to'pass'through'the'apparatus'until'all'the'air'in'the'combustion'tube'is'completely'removed.'

' (i)' Why'should'all'the'air'be'removed'before'heating'is'allowed?'

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'' [1'mark]'(ii)' How'are'you'going'to'ensure'that'all'the'air'had'been'removed?'

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(c)' What'is'the'function'of'anhydrous'calcium'chloride'in'the'U_tube?'

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(d)' Based'on'the'results'of'the'experiment,'it'is'found'that'64.00'g'of'black'copper'oxide'powder'left'behind'a'residue'of'51.20'g'of'brownish'copper.'Determine'the'empirical'formula'of'copper'oxide.'[Molar'mass:'O'='16;'Cu'='64]'

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' [2'marks]'(e)' From'the'answer'given'in'(d),'write'a'chemical'equation'for'the'reaction'between'

hydrogen'and'copper'oxide.'

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(f)' The'flow'of'hydrogen'gas'is'continued'even'though'the'reaction'is'complete'while'the'product'is'allowed'to'cool'to'room'temperature.'

'(i)' Give'one'reason'why'this'action'needs'to'be'taken.'

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'' [1'mark]'(ii)' Write'the'chemical'equation'for'the'reaction'that'would'take'place'if'the'

action'in'(f)(i).'is'not'taken.'

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2.''

The'figure'below'shows'the'structure'formula'of'glucose.'

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[Molar'mass:'H'='1;'C'='12;'O'='16]'

(a)' Calculate'the'relative'molecular'mass'of'glucose.'

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(b)' What'is'the'molecular'formula'and'empirical'formula'of'glucose?'

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(c)' What'is'difference'between'the'molecular'formula'and'empirical'formula'of'glucose?'

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' [2'marks]'(d)' What'is'the'mass'of'glucose'needed'to'prepare'200'cm³'and'0.55'mol'dm_3'of'

glucose'solution?'

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(e)' Compound'Z'has'the'same'empirical'formula'as'glucose.'The'relative'molecular'mass'of'Z'is'90.'What'is'the'molecular'formula'of'Z?'

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3.''

When'0.35'mole'of'a'hydrocarbon,'H,'is'completely'burnt'in'air,'33.6'dm³'of'carbon'dioxide'is'formed'at'room'temperature'and'pressure.'

(a)' Calculate'the'number'of'molecules'in'0.35'mole'of'hydrocarbon'H.'[Avogadro'constant'='6.02'×'10²³'mol_1]'

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' [1'mark]'(b)' Calculate'the'number'of'moles'of'33.6'dm³'of'carbon'dioxide.'

[1'mol'of'gas'occupies'a'volume'of'24'dm3'at'room'temperature'and'pressure]'

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(c)' Calculate'the'volume'of'carbon'dioxide'formed'at'r.t.p.'From'one'mole'of'hydrocarbon'H.'

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(d)' Determine'the'number'of'carbon'atoms'in'one'molecule'of'hydrocarbon'H.'

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(e)' Given'that'hydrocarbon'H'rapidly'decolourised'the'reddish'brown'colour'of'bromine,'what'is'the'homologous'series'of'hydrocarbon'H.'

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(f)' Deduce'the'molecular'formula'of'hydrocarbon'H.'

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' [1'mark]'(g)' Write'down'the'equation'for'the'complete'combustion'of'hydrocarbon,'H.'

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PERIODIC%TABLE%

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1.''

' The'table'below'shows'some'information'about'noble'gases.'

Name' Symbol' Proton%number' Boiling%point/%˚C'

Helium' He' 2' _269'

Neon' Ne' 10' _246'

Argon' Ar' 18' _186'

Krypton' Kr' 36' _152''


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(a)' Write'the'electron'arrangement'of'argon.'

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' [1'mark]'(b)' Explain'why'the'noble'gases'are'inert.'

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' [2'marks]'(d)' Give'two'uses'of'helium.'

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2.''

' The'figure'below'shows'some'elements'in'the'Periodic'Table'which'are'represented'by'Q,'R,'S,'T,'W,'X'and'Y.'

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W' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' R' '' '' '' S' '' ''

Y' '' '' '' '' '' '' Q' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' '' X' '' '' ''

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Answer'the'questions'below.'

(a)' Which'element'has'the'smallest'size?'

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' [1'mark]'(b)' Which'element'is'most'inactive?'

Explain'your'answer.'

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(c)' (i)' Which'of'the'elements'is'a'metalloid?'

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'' [1'mark]'(ii)' Write'the'electron'arrangement'for'the'element'in'(c)'(i).'

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(d)'

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(i)' Which'element'is'a'transition'metal?'

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'' [1'mark]'(ii)' State'two'physical'properties'of'this'element.'

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(e)' Write'the'chemical'equation'for'the'reaction'of'W'with'water.'

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' [1'mark]'(f)' Which'element'is'the'most'electropositive'element?'

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CHEMICAL%BONDS%'

1.'''Table'below'shows'the'electron'arrangement'of'elements'R,'S,'and'T.''

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Element' Electron'arrangement'R' 2.7'S' 2.2'T' 2.4'

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a) Based'on'the'elements'listed'above,'state'two'type'of'compounds'that'can'be'formed.'

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b) Based'on'your'answers'in'(a),'describe'the'formation'of'both'compounds'

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c) State'2'difference'between'the'2'compounds'

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ELECTROCHEMISTRY%

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1.'Diagram'below'shows'the'set_up'of'an'electrolytic'cell.'Beaker'I'contains'a'components'of'a'simple'chemical'cell'whereas'electrolysis'takes'place'in'Beaker'II.''

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(a)' State'the'changes'in'energy'in'Beaker'I'and'Beaker'II.,,Beaker'I'


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________________________________________________________________________________________'''Beaker'II,________________________________________________________________________________________''

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(b)' Which'metal'is'the'negative'terminal'in'Beaker'I?,,________________________________________________________________________________________''

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(c)'

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(i)'State'the'process'occurred'in'the'copper'electrode'in'Beaker'I.''

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(ii)'What'would'you'observe'at'the'silver'electrode'in'Beaker'I?,,

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(d)' Write'equations'for'reactions,'which'occurred'at'anode'and'cathode'in'Beaker'II.,,Anode:,________________________________________________________________________________________''

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Cathode:,________________________________________________________________________________________''

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(e)' (i)' What'happens'to'the'voltmeter'reading'when'the'magnesium'electrode'in'Beaker'I'is'replace'with'zinc'electrode?'

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(ii)' Explain'your'reasons'in'(e)'(i).,,


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2..'Diagram'below'shows'the'arrangement'of'apparatus'for'performing'electrolysis'of'a'concentrated'solution'of'a'salt'of'sodium.''

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Diagram''

(a)'(i)'Name'the'yellowish_green'gas'released'at'the'anode.'''__________________________________________________________________________________''

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(ii)'Give'a'confirmatory'test'for'the'gas'which'you'have'stated'in'(a)'i.'''__________________________________________________________________________________''

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(b)'(i)' Name'the'colourless'gas,'which'is'released'at'the'cathode.'''__________________________________________________________________________________''

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(ii)' Write'a'half'equation'for'the'reaction,'which'occurs'at'the'cathode.'''__________________________________________________________________________________''

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(c)'(i)' Name'the'solution'of'the'sodium'salt,'which'is'used.'''__________________________________________________________________________________''

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(ii)' Write'the'formulae'of'the'ions'which'are'present'in'the'solution'named'in'(c)'i.'''__________________________________________________________________________________''

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(d)'(i)' Explain'why'no'sodium'is'produced'in'this'experiment.'''__________________________________________________________________________________''

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ACIDS%&%BASES%

1.''

Acids'and'bases'are'substances'that'are'commonly'used'in'everyday'life.'

a.'(i)' What'is'an'acid?'

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'' [1'mark]'(ii)' What'is'a'base?'

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b.'Give'one'example'each'of'an'acid'and'a'base'that'is'used'in'daily'life.'State'the'use'of'the'acid'and'the'base'named.'


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c.'Explain'why'there'is'a'difference'in'the'brightness'of'the'bulbs'in'the'electrolytic'cells'below.'

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'' Ethanoic'acid'is'a'weak'acid.'It'produces'low'concentration'of'hydrogen'ions'

' Hydrobromic'acid'is'a'strong'acid.'It'produces'high'concentration'of'hydrogen'ions'

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d.'Citric'acid'is'a'white'solid.'It'can'dissolve'in'two'different'solvents,'water'and'propanone.'The'solution'in'water'turns'universal'indicator'paper'orange_red'in'colour.'The'solution'in'propanone'has'no'effect'on'universal'indicator.'Give'an'explanation'for'this'observation.'

' Citric'acid'can'ionize'in'water'to'show'its'acidic'properties.'Citric'acid'cannot'ionize'in'propanone'because'it'is'an'organic'solvent.'


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2.''

In'an'acid_base'titration'using'methyl'orange,'20'cm3'of'dilute'sulphuric'acid'of'unknown'concentration'is'required'to'completely'neutralise'40'cm3'of'1.7'mol'dm_3'sodium'hydroxide'solution.'

(a)' What'is'the'colour'of'methyl'orange'in'

' (i)' An'acid'solution?'

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(ii)' An'alkaline'solution?'

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(iii)'A'neutral'solution?'

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(b)' In'the'titration'above,'how'many'moles'of'sodium'hydroxide'have'been'used?'

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(c)' How'many'moles'of'sulphuric'acid'are'there'in'20'cm3'of'dilute'sulphuric'acid'used'in'the'titration'above?'

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(d)' What'is'the'molarity'of'the'dilute'sulphuric'acid'used?'

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(e)' Assuming'sulphuric'acid'dissociates'100%'in'aqueous'solution,'what'is'the'concentration'of'H+'ions'in'the'dilute'sulphuric'acid'used?'Explain'your'answer.'

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SALTS%

1.''

The'figure'below'shows'the'chemical'changes'that'occur'with'the'carbonate'of'P.'

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(a)' Identify'P.'

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' [1'mark]'(b)' P'is'heated'strongly'and'decomposes'to'form'solid'R'and'carbon'dioxide.'

' (i)' Identify'solid'R.'

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'' [1'mark]'(ii)' What'is'the'colour'of'solid'R'when'it'is'still'hot'and'when'it'is'cooled?'

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(c)' Nitric'acid'is'added'into'solid'P.'

' (i)' What'would'you'see'when'nitric'acid'is'added'to'solid'P?'

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'' [1'mark]'(ii)' Identify'Q.'

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'' [1'mark]'(iii)'Describe'what'is'observed'when'sodium'hydroxide'is'added'drop'wise'into'

solution'Q'until'in'excess.'

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(d)' Potassium'iodide'solution'is'added'into'solution'Q'to'form'compound'T.'

' (i)' Identify'T.'

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'' [1'mark]'(ii)' Write'an'ionic'equation'to'show'the'reaction'between'solution'Q'and'

potassium'iodide.'

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(e)' Describe'what'happens'to'T'when'it'is'heated'in'hot'water.'

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2.''

Barium%chloride,%copper%(II)%nitrate,%magnesium%sulphate,%lead%(II)%carbonate%(a)' From'the'above'list'of'salts,'identify'the'salt'which'

' (i)' Gives'off'brown'fume'on'heating.'

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(ii)' Gives'off'a'gas'that'turns'limewater'milky'on'heating.'

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'' [1'mark]'(iii)'Leaves'a'black'residue'after'heating.'

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'' [1'mark]'(iv)'Releases'effervescence'with'dilute'hydrochloric'acid,'

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(b)' Three'of'the'given'salts'can'dissolve'in'water.'

' (i)' Identify'the'salt'that'does'not'dissolve'in'water.'

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'' [1'mark]'(ii)' Identify'the'salt'that'gives'a'coloured'solution'when'dissolved'in'water.'

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'' [1'mark]'(iii)'Which'of'the'two'solutions'of'salts'form'a'white'precipitate'when'mixed'

together?'

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'' [2'marks]'(iv)'Give'the'name'of'the'white'precipitate'formed'in'(b)(iii)'and'write'an'ionic'

equation'for'the'reaction.'

'' Name'of'white'precipitate:' '''

'' [1'mark]''' Ionic'equation':' ''

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MANUFACTURED%SUBSTANCES%IN%THE%INDUSTRY%

1.''

' (a)'Bronze'is'a'type'of'alloy'that'is'made'up'of'copper'and'other'elements.'It'is'harder'than'pure'copper.'

' (i)' Draw'the'arrangements'of'particles'in'pure'copper'and'bronze'in'the'spaces'provided'below.'

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'' Pure'copper' Bronze''

'' [2'marks]'(ii)' Explain'why'bronze'is'harder'than'pure'copper.'

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(c)'The'followings'are'the'information'of'composite'material.'

' ·''''' It'is'used'in'the'manufacture'of'lenses.'

·''''' Lenses'produced'have'better'ability'to'protect'our'eyes'from'harmful'ultraviolet'rays.'

' (i)' Name'the'composite'material.'

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' [1'mark]'(ii)' How'do'the'lenses'protect'our'eyes'during'a'sunny'day?'

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2.''

The'following'flow'chart'shows'the'steps'involved'in'the'manufacture'of'an'industrial'substance'L'and'the'production'of'fertiliser'M.'

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(a)' What'is'the'industrial'substance'L?'

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(b)' Name'the'industrial'process'to'produce'substance'L.'

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(c)' What'is'substance'K?'

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' [1'mark]'(d)' The'conversion'of'sulphur'dioxide'to'substance'K'is'very'slow'and'the'percentage'

of'conversion'is'also'very'low.'Give'two'ways'to'overcome'these'problems.'

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' [2'marks]'(e)' What'is'fertiliser'M?'

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(f)' Write'a'balanced'equation'for'the'formation'of'fertiliser'M.'

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(g)' (i)' Sulphur'dioxide'can'cause'acid'rain.'Give'one'effect'of'acid'rain'on'the'environment.'

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' Types%of%glass' Composition' Uses'

'P' 'Silica,'sodium'oxide'''and'calcium'oxide.'

'To'make'glass'bottles'and'''glass'windowpanes.'

'Borosilicate'glass' 'Silica'and'compound'Q.' 'To'make'test'tubes'and'beakers.'

'Photochromic'glass' 'Compound'R,'''compound'S'and'''copper'(II)'oxide'

'To'make'lenses'of'spectacles.'

'T' 'Silica'and'lead'(II)'oxide' 'To'make'prisms'and'lenses.''

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The'table'above'shows'the'composition'and'uses'of'four'types'of'glasses.'

(a)' (i)' Give'the'chemical'name'for'silica.'

' '

' [1'mark]'(ii)' State'a'natural'source'of'silica.'

' '

' [1'mark]''

(b)' Name'the'type'of'glasses'P'and'T'in'the'table'above'

' (i)' P':' ''

(ii)' T':' '''

' [2'marks]'(c)' State'the'main'difference'between'glass'P'and'borosilicate'glass.'

' '

' [1'mark]'


' 28'

(d)' State'the'compounds'Q,'R'and'S'in'the'table'above.'

' Q':' ''

R':' ''

S':' '''

' [3'marks]'(e)' State'a'characteristic'of'the'lens'of'the'spectacles'that'are'made'from'

photochromic'glass.'

' '

' [1'mark]'(f)' State'a'characteristic'of'glass'T.'

' '

' [1'mark]'''

8.''

The'table'below'shows'several'examples'of'alloys'and'their'component'elements.'

Alloy' Component%elements'

S' Iron,'carbon'

Stainless'steel' Iron,'K,'L'

Brass' M,'zinc'

T' Aluminium,'copper''

'

(a)'

'

(i)' Name'alloy'S'and'draw'a'labeled'diagram'to'show'the'arrangement'of'particles'in'it.'

'' ''

'' ''

'' ''

'' ''

'

'' [2'marks]'


' 29'

(ii)' Give'one'use'of'alloy'S'in'the'industry.'

'' ''

'' [1'mark]''

' '

(b)' Name'foreign'elements'K'and'L'in'stainless'steel.'

' '

' [1'mark]'' '

(c)' (i)' Name'the'metal'M'present'in'brass.'

'' ''

'' [1'mark]'(ii)' Give'one'advantage'of'brass'compared'to'metal'M'in'terms'of'ductility'and'

hardness.'

'' ''

'' [1'mark]'(iii)'Name'one'object'made'of'brass.'

'' ''

'' [1'mark]''

' '

(d)' Alloy'T'is'usually'used'for'the'construction'of'body'frames'of'airplanes.'

' (i)' Give'the'name'of'alloy'T.'

'' ''

'' [1'mark]'(ii)' Give'one'property'of'alloy'T'that'makes'it'suitable'for'the'construction'of'the'

body'frames'of'airplanes.'

'' ''

'' [1'mark]''

'

'


' 30'

9.''

The'figure'below'shows'the'flow'chart'for'the'production'of'ammonia'gas.'

'

(a)' Explain'how'nitrogen'and'hydrogen'are'obtained?'

' (i)' Nitrogen:'' ''

(ii)' Hydrogen' '''

' [2'marks]'(b)' In'what'ratio'does'nitrogen'react'with'hydrogen?'

' '

' [1'mark]'(c)' (i)' Name'the'catalyst'used'in'the'catalyst'tower.'

'' ''

'' [1'mark]'(ii)' State'the'optimum'temperature'and'pressure'for'the'mixture'of'nitrogen'and'

hydrogen'to'react.'

'' ''

'' [1'mark]''

' '

(d)' What'is'the'purpose'of'the'cooling'tower?'

' '

' '

' '

' [2'marks]'' '


' 31'

(e)' (i)' State'the'reagent'P'used'to'convert'ammonia'to'ammonium'nitrate.'

'' ''

'' [1'mark]'(ii)' State'a'use'of'ammonium'nitrate.'

'' ''

'' [1'mark]'(iii)'Write'a'chemical'equation'for'the'reaction'between'P'and'ammonia.'

'' ''

'' [1'mark]''

''

'

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Education

Bonus exitus chymicis 1 2015