Ch7 Data Transmission in Smart City, Summer Cours, AUST 2015

Smart City Concept and Solu2on AUST Summer Course 2015

Chapter 7 : Communica2on Technology -‐ Smart Ci2es

Professor Isam SHAHROUR Isam.shahrour@univ-‐lille1.fr

-‐  Data transmission requirement ? -‐  Data transmission solu1ons ?

2 Ques2ons ?

Smart City Concept

Customers

Providers

Managers

Emergency

Security Ci1es

Market

Public

How can ensure the data transmission

Smart City Data Transmission challenges

How could we ensure data transmission in large, complex, heterogeneous and mul1-‐stakeholders systems in

-‐  Real – 'me -‐  Reliable way -‐  Cyber security -‐  Low cost -‐  Energy saving

Sensor (A)

Smart sensor : Internet of Things (IoT) -‐  Unique iden1fier -‐  Geo-‐localized -‐  Processor (Analysis, control) -‐  Storage capacity -‐  Ability to communicate

Sensor (A)

Smart sensor : Internet of Things (IoT)

IoT can : •  Meter •  Store data •  Analyze the data (intelligence) •  Communicate with other IoT •  Operate ac1ons

Sensor (A)

Server/senor (S)

Data

Data transmission

In smart City, Internet of things allows to: -‐  Real 1me monitoring of physical parameters (comfort, safety, op1mal management, health ...)

-‐  Real 1me control of devices, and equipment -‐  Share informa1on between «things » -‐  Interact with users -‐  Take decisions and ac1ons based on embedded and shared intelligence.

1)  Bi-‐direc2onnel data transmission

•  Verifica1on •  Control •  Update

Sensor (A)

Server/senor (S)

Data

Data transmission

Data specifica2on •  Size •  Frequency ? •  Real 1me ? •  Sensibility (importance) •  Latencey

Latency designates the 1me necessary for a packet of data to get from one point to another

Wired or wireless infrastructure ?

Wired infrastructure: •  Availability •  Bidirec1onal (transmission and Control) •  Increased Security regarding wireless technology •  Large data

Wired or wireless infrastructure ?

Wireless infrastructure •  Used in the absence of wired infrastructure •  Ease installa1on •  Moderate amount of data •  Low / Medium sensi1vity of the informa1on

(safety ??)

Sensor (A) Server

(S)

Sensor (A)

Sensor (A)

Sensor (A)

Sensor (A)

Sensor (A)

Sensors network

Connected sensors

Server (S)

Sensor (A)

Sensor (A)

Sensor (A)

Sensors network

Hybrid system

Server (S)

Sensor (A)

Sensor (A)

Sensor (A)

Sensor (A)

Wired

Sensors network

Gatway

Reduc2on of the energy consump2on ? -‐  Strategy for data transmission -‐  Frequency, -‐  Embedded intelligence -‐  Data varia1on

Reliability: The ability of a system to consistently perform according to its specifica1ons without degrada1on or failure.

Data transmission security ?

Cyber security Technologies, processes and prac1ces designed to protect networks, computers, programs, devices and data from aXack, damage or unauthorized access.

Data transmission security

What to do in case of absence of data transmission? Analysis of the origin:

•  Sensor’s fault •  Communica1on fault •  Cyber aXack


How to check the data transmission? Exchange “specific” informa2on at “specific” intervals.


-‐  Data transmission requirement ? -‐  Data transmission solu2ons ?

2 Ques2ons ?

Example : Data transmission in the electrical Grid Physical Infrastructure

A survey of rou1ng protocols for smart grid communica1ons Nico Saputro, Kemal Akkaya, Suleyman Uludag Computer Networks 56 (2012) 2742–2771

A survey of rou1ng protocols for smart grid communica1ons Nico Saputro, Kemal Akkaya, Suleyman Uludag Computer Networks 56 (2012) 2742–2771

Data transmission in the electrical Grid

Data transmission in the electrical grid

Data transmission at the district level

hXp://arxiv.org/pdf/1112.3516.pdf,

The U2lity Managed Architecture

hXp://www.jocm.us/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=show&ca1d=136&id=711

The U2lity and Consumer Managed Architecture

U2lity local Area Network

Substa2on Network

Wide Area Network (WAN)

Home Area Network (HAN)

Industrial Area Network (IAN)

Consumer Area Network (LAN)

Business Area Network (BAN)

Neighborhood Area network (NAN)

Distribu2on substa2on network

Local Area Network (LAN)

Field Area Network (FAN)

Renewable Microgrid

Regional/metropolitan area networks

Data transmission in the electrical Grid

•  HOME AREA NETWORKS (HAN) •  Neighborhood Area network (NAN) •  Wide Area Network (WAN)

Wireless technologies •  ZigBee, •  Wi-‐Fi, •  RFID, •  Bluetooth •  6LoWPAN

HOME AREA NETWORKS (HAN)

Wired technologies •  RS485, •  PLC •  I2C, •  SPI

•  The most used protocol in HANs. •  Operates in the license-‐free frequency for short range •  Bidirec1onal •  Conforms to IEEE 802.15.4. •  Low data rate, long life baXery

ZigBee Technology

Advantages of using ZigBee in HANs •  Highly secured connec1on (128-‐bit AES encryp1on) •  Low power consump1on; baXeries for longer life1me (100-‐1000 days)

•  Could be used in large network •  Short latency (15ms to 30ms)

Disadvantages of ZigBee •  ZigBee network requires addi1onal devices which increases cost.

•  Appliances running ZigBee are incompa1ble with other network protocols such as Wi-‐Fi.

•  Low data transmission rates •  Lacks Internet Protocol support

Wi-‐Fi Technology •  Bidirec1onal radio frequency (RF) •  Conforms to IEEE 802.11. •  U1lized for high-‐rate, informa1on-‐related devices such as computers, TV, digital camera, data download

Advantages of Wi-‐Fi •  Highly secured connec1on (128-‐bit AES encryp1on) •  does not require a special gateway because it inherits the Internet protocol

•  Short latency (less than 3ms)

Disadvantages of Wi-‐Fi in HANs •  Consumes high power compared to ZigBee (The baXery life1me extends from 0.5-‐5 days)

•  Sensi1ve to electromagne1c radia1on emiXed from household appliances, which affects the speed of transmission

•  Low latency

•  Wireless communica1ons technology •  simple, secure, low power, los cost •  Used in billions of devices: mobile phones,

computers medical devices, home entertainment,…

Bluetooth® technology

Bluetooth® technology

Range (distance) •  Class 3 : range up to 1 meter •  Class 2 radios : most commonly found in mobile devices, range

of 10 meters •  Class 1 radios: used primarily in industrial use cases, range of

100 meters

Radio Frequency Iden2fica2on (RFID)

Wireless use of electromagne1c fields to transfer data, iden1fying and tracking tags aXached to objects. The tags contain electronically stored informa1on.

Tags are powered by -‐  Electromagne1c induc1on from magne1c fields produced near

the reader. -‐  From the interroga1ng radio waves (passive) -‐  local power source such as a baXery and may operate at

hundreds of meters from the reader.


Wireless use of electromagne1c fields to transfer data, iden1fying and tracking tags aXached to objects. The tags contain electronically stored informa1on.

Tag Reader


•  Consists of tags and readers •  bi-‐direc1onal •  It follows the electronic product code (EPC) protocol •  It can operate with other technologies (ZigBee, Wi-‐Fi..) •  Operates under a wide range of frequency (120 kHz -‐ 10 GHz )

•  Used in home area network applica1ons such as energy management systems, door locks, ligh1ng control

6LoWPAN

IPv6 Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks •  Created for the Internet of Things •  Every node has its own IPv6 address, allowing it to connect

directly to the Internet using open standards.

Neighborhood Area (NAN)

•  Radio transmission •  LoRa System •  SigFox

Radio Transmission Sub 1GHz

-‐  Proprietary system -‐  Low frequency band 433, 868, 915 MHz -‐  Can reach high distance : up to 25 km -‐  Used by many u1li1es for Neighborhood Area network (NAN)

-‐  Requires internet gateway

Radio Transmission Sub 1GHz

-‐  Requires internet gateway

Radio

Sensor (A)

Sensor (A)

Sensor (A)

Sensor (A) Gatway

Server (S)

Wired

GPRS, 3G, 4G,

VHF 169 MHz

Portail de restitution des données

GPRS



hXps://www.lora-‐alliance.org/

Could be combined with other technologies

LoRa Solu2on components



LoRa Solu2on



hXp://www.sigfox.com

•  Na1onal network for transmission of “small – size” data.

•  Uses patented radio technology based on Ultra Narrow Band (UNB)

•  Free bands

Global cellular connec1vity for the internet of things SIGFOX :

SIGFOX

•  Use of simple antenna •  built for a high volume of devices. •  Low energy consump1on •  It provides two-‐way communica1ons •  Easy to integrate with sorware applica1on

SIGFOX : acts as a transport channel, pushing the data towards the customer's IT system.

The SIGFOX protocol is compa1ble with exis1ng transceivers

Implementa2on of the SigFox Solu2on

The SIGFOX solu2on is implemented as follows: •  SIGFOX compa1ble modems are integrated within the

physical objects. •  The modems send data to SIGFOX servers. •  The SIGFOX servers verify the data integrity and

transmit it to customers’ IT system.

Conclusion

In the Smart City solu1on, data transmission cons1tues major challenges, because the Smart City is mainly based on data collec1on, data analysis, data transmission.

Data transmission challenges in Smart Ci2es : Ensure data transmission in large, complex, heterogeneous and mul1-‐stakeholders systems in

-‐  Real – 'me -‐  Reliable way -‐  Cyber security -‐  Low cost -‐  Energy saving

Conclusion

U2lity local Area Network

Substa2on Network

Wide Area Network

Home Area Network (HAN)

Industrial Area Network (IAN)

Consumer Area Network

Business Area Network (BAN)

Neighborhood Area network (NAN)

Distribu2on substa2on network

Local Area Network

Field Area Network (FAN)

Technology for data transmission

Wireless technology: ZigBee, Wi-‐Fi, RFID, Bluetooth, 6LoWPAN

Wired technology

Wireless technology: Radio, LoRa , SigFox

Wired technology

GPRS, 3G, 4G, Internet

A0 Smart Grid Communica1ons Controlled Connec1vity A1 Smart Grid Communica1ons by S&C Electric Company A2 Robustel Smart Grid Communica1on A3 Tutorial on Wireless Sensor Network A5 Explaining Wireless Sensor Nodes Zigbee vs. WiFI B1 Internet of Things Goes the Distance with the LoRa Alliance B2 SIGFOX -‐ What will YOU connect? C1 Cyber expert on smart grid massive vulnerability, who's accountable? C2 Na2on-‐E on real cyber security for the smart grid

Thank you

Education

Ch7 Data Transmission in Smart City, Summer Cours, AUST 2015